메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 36, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 279-300

Making a policy problem of water export in Canada: 1960-2002

Author keywords

Agenda setting; Policy window; Problem definition; Water export

Indexed keywords

DECISION MAKING; EXPORT; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 42349100184     PISSN: 0190292X     EISSN: 15410072     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-0072.2008.00266.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (11)

References (86)
  • 1
    • 42349107555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Ottawa's Leaky Water Policy"
    • (November 18)
    • Barlow, Maude. 1999. "Ottawa's Leaky Water Policy." Globe and Mail (November 18): A15.
    • (1999) Globe and Mail
    • Barlow, M.1
  • 2
    • 84928440816 scopus 로고
    • "Agenda Dynamics and Policy Subsystem"
    • Baumgartner, Frank R., and Bryan D. Jones. 1991. "Agenda Dynamics and Policy Subsystem." The Journal of Politics 53: 1044-74.
    • (1991) The Journal of Politics , vol.53 , pp. 1044-1074
    • Baumgartner, F.R.1    Jones, B.D.2
  • 4
    • 84971812722 scopus 로고
    • "State Lottery Adoptions as Policy Innovations: An Event History Analysis"
    • Berry, Frances S., and William D. Berry. 1990. "State Lottery Adoptions as Policy Innovations: An Event History Analysis." American Political Science Review 84: 395-415.
    • (1990) American Political Science Review , vol.84 , pp. 395-415
    • Berry, F.S.1    Berry, W.D.2
  • 8
    • 42349107356 scopus 로고
    • "Energy and a Continental Concept"
    • (June)
    • Bourne, Charles B. 1965. "Energy and a Continental Concept." Canadian Bar Journal 8 (June): 158.
    • (1965) Canadian Bar Journal , vol.8 , pp. 158
    • Bourne, C.B.1
  • 9
    • 42349089819 scopus 로고
    • "Canada Urged to Use Water as Lever in US Trade Deals"
    • (April 18)
    • "Canada Urged to Use Water as Lever in US Trade Deals." 1985. Globe and Mail (April 18).
    • (1985) Globe and Mail
  • 10
    • 42349091444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Canadian Intergovernmental Conference Secretariat, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Kananaskis"
    • Canadian Council of Resource and Environment Ministers. [News Release]. Alberta: November
    • Canadian Council of Resource and Environment Ministers. 1999. "Canadian Intergovernmental Conference Secretariat, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Kananaskis "[News Release]. Alberta: November 29-30.
    • (1999) , pp. 29-30
  • 11
    • 42349104895 scopus 로고
    • "Montreal Company Prepares to Sign Water Deal with Arabs"
    • (June 4)
    • Carvalho, Paul. 1985. "Montreal Company Prepares to Sign Water Deal with Arabs." Globe and Mail (June 4).
    • (1985) Globe and Mail
    • Carvalho, P.1
  • 13
    • 84972473799 scopus 로고
    • "Agenda Building as a Comparative Political Process"
    • (June)
    • Cobb, Roger W., Jennie-Keith Ross, and Marc H. Ross. 1976. "Agenda Building as a Comparative Political Process." American Political Science Review 71 (June): 126-38.
    • (1976) American Political Science Review , vol.71 , pp. 126-138
    • Cobb, R.W.1    Ross, J.-K.2    Ross, M.H.3
  • 14
    • 0004813897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Denying Agenda Access: Strategic Considerations"
    • In ed. Roger W. Cobb and Marc Howard Ross. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas
    • Cobb, Roger W., and Marc H. Ross. 1997. "Denying Agenda Access: Strategic Considerations." In Cultural Strategies of Agenda Denial, Avoidance, Attack and Redefinition, ed. Roger W. Cobb and Marc Howard Ross. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 25-45.
    • (1997) Cultural Strategies of Agenda Denial, Avoidance, Attack and Redefinition , pp. 25-45
    • Cobb, R.W.1    Ross, M.H.2
  • 16
    • 0003610579 scopus 로고
    • Day, J. Chadwick, and Frank J. Quinn, eds. University of Waterloo Department Geography Publ. Ser. 36
    • Day, J. Chadwick, and Frank J. Quinn, eds. 1992. "Water Diversion and Export: Learning from Canadian Experience," University of Waterloo Department Geography Publ. Ser. 36.
    • (1992) "Water Diversion and Export: Learning from Canadian Experience"
  • 17
    • 42349108663 scopus 로고
    • de Mestral, Armand L. C., and Donna M. Leith, eds. Occasional Paper No.2, Academy of Aquatic Science, Ottawa
    • de Mestral, Armand L. C., and Donna M. Leith, eds. 1989. "Canadian Water Exports and Free Trade." Occasional Paper No.2, Academy of Aquatic Science, Ottawa.
    • (1989) "Canadian Water Exports and Free Trade"
  • 18
    • 25844456926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. November 16. Accessed March 3, 2008
    • Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. 1999. Bulk Water Removal and International Trade Considerations. November 16. http://geo.international.gc.ca/can-am/main/shared_env/ bulkwater_considerations-en.asp. Accessed March 3, 2008.
    • (1999) Bulk Water Removal and International Trade Considerations
  • 20
    • 84937322627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Agenda Setting and Problem Definition"
    • Dery, David. 2000. "Agenda Setting and Problem Definition." Policy Studies 21: 37-47.
    • (2000) Policy Studies , vol.21 , pp. 37-47
    • Dery, D.1
  • 21
    • 79961218319 scopus 로고
    • "Up and Down with Ecology - The Issue-Attention Cycle"
    • (Summer)
    • Downs, Anthony. 1972. "Up and Down with Ecology - the Issue-Attention Cycle." Public Interest 28 (Summer): 38-51.
    • (1972) Public Interest , vol.28 , pp. 38-51
    • Downs, A.1
  • 23
    • 2342450778 scopus 로고
    • Environment Canada. Ottawa
    • Environment Canada. 1987. Federal Water Policy. Ottawa.
    • (1987) Federal Water Policy
  • 24
    • 0001870981 scopus 로고
    • "Pressure from Inside: Advisory Groups and the Environmental Policy Community"
    • In ed. Robert Boardman. Toronto: Oxford University Press
    • Filyk, Gregor, and Ray Cote. 1992. "Pressure from Inside: Advisory Groups and the Environmental Policy Community." In Canadian Environmental Policy: Ecosystems, Politics, and Process, ed. Robert Boardman. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 109-25.
    • (1992) Canadian Environmental Policy: Ecosystems, Politics, and Process , pp. 109-125
    • Filyk, G.1    Cote, R.2
  • 25
    • 1642587515 scopus 로고
    • Toronto: J. Lorimer in association with the Canadian Institute for Economic Policy
    • Foster, Harold D., and W. R. Derrick Sewell. 1981. Water: The Emerging Crisis in Canada. Toronto: J. Lorimer in association with the Canadian Institute for Economic Policy.
    • (1981) Water: The Emerging Crisis in Canada
    • Foster, H.D.1    Sewell, W.R.D.2
  • 26
    • 42349096840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Water Wars"
    • (March 6). Accessed March 3, 2008
    • Geddes, John. 2000. "Water Wars." MacLean's (March 6). http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params= M1ARTM0012137. Accessed March 3, 2008.
    • (2000) MacLean's
    • Geddes, J.1
  • 27
    • 42349086904 scopus 로고
    • Government of Canada. Memorandum to Cabinet, December 15, Ottawa
    • Government of Canada. 1966. "International Conference on Water for Peace." Memorandum to Cabinet, December 15, Ottawa.
    • (1966) "International Conference on Water for Peace"
  • 30
    • 42349104548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Government of Canada. Presentation Slides (May 11). Ottawa
    • Government of Canada. 1998. Fresh Water Strategy. Presentation Slides (May 11). Ottawa.
    • (1998) Fresh Water Strategy
  • 33
    • 42349088717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Export of Bulk Water from Newfoundland and Labrador"
    • Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. Accessed March 3, 2008
    • Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. 2001. "Export of Bulk Water from Newfoundland and Labrador." A Report of the Ministerial Committee Examining the Export of Bulk Water, October. http://www.gov.nl.ca/publicat/ ReportoftheMinisterailCommitteeExaminingtheExportofBulkWater.PDF. Accessed March 3, 2008.
    • (2001) A Report of the Ministerial Committee Examining the Export of Bulk Water, October
  • 34
    • 42349085602 scopus 로고
    • Hansard. Canada: House of Commons
    • Hansard. 1957-2002. Debates of the House of Commons. Canada: House of Commons.
    • (1957) Debates of the House of Commons
  • 35
    • 0004778344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Role of Agenda Setting in Policy Innovation: An Event History of Analysis of Living-Will Laws"
    • Hays, Scott P., and Henry R. Glick. 1997. "The Role of Agenda Setting in Policy Innovation: An Event History of Analysis of Living-Will Laws." American Politics Quarterly 25: 497-516.
    • (1997) American Politics Quarterly , vol.25 , pp. 497-516
    • Hays, S.P.1    Glick, H.R.2
  • 36
    • 42349111881 scopus 로고
    • "No Fear of ... Exporting Our Water"
    • (June 3)
    • Heard, Raymond. 1967. "No Fear of ... Exporting Our Water." Montreal Star (June 3).
    • (1967) Montreal Star
    • Heard, R.1
  • 37
    • 84936823750 scopus 로고
    • The Rise and Fall of Social Problems: A Public Arenas Model"
    • Hilgartner, Stephen, and Charles L. Bosk. 1988. The Rise and Fall of Social Problems: A Public Arenas Model." American Journal of Sociology 94: 53-78.
    • (1988) American Journal of Sociology , vol.94 , pp. 53-78
    • Hilgartner, S.1    Bosk, C.L.2
  • 39
    • 42349111315 scopus 로고
    • "Provincial Power to Prevent Water Export"
    • In eds. Wendy Holm and Jamie Linton. Toronto: Canadian Environmental Law Association
    • Holm, Wendy. 1993. "Provincial Power to Prevent Water Export." In NAFTA and Water Exports. eds. Wendy Holm and Jamie Linton. Toronto: Canadian Environmental Law Association, 1-27.
    • (1993) NAFTA and Water Exports , pp. 1-27
    • Holm, W.1
  • 40
    • 0041177428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Predictable and Unpredictable Policy Windows: Institutional and Exogenous Correlates of Canadian Federal Agenda-Setting"
    • (September)
    • Howlett, Michael. 1998. "Predictable and Unpredictable Policy Windows: Institutional and Exogenous Correlates of Canadian Federal Agenda-Setting." Canadian Journal of Political Science 31 (September): 495-524.
    • (1998) Canadian Journal of Political Science , vol.31 , pp. 495-524
    • Howlett, M.1
  • 41
    • 42349087827 scopus 로고
    • "Indians Seek Environmental Review before Water Sale to U.S"
    • (August 9)
    • "Indians Seek Environmental Review before Water Sale to U.S." 1990. Vancouver Sun (August 9): B2.
    • (1990) Vancouver Sun
  • 42
    • 0003599985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Joint Commission. Final Report to the Governments of Canada and the United States, February 22. Ottawa
    • International Joint Commission. 2000. "Protection of the Waters of the Great Lakes." Final Report to the Governments of Canada and the United States, February 22. Ottawa.
    • (2000) "Protection of the Waters of the Great Lakes"
  • 45
    • 0033676903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Testing Alternative Theories of Agenda Setting: Forest Policy Change in British Columbia, Canada"
    • Kamieniecki, Sheldon. 2000. "Testing Alternative Theories of Agenda Setting: Forest Policy Change in British Columbia, Canada." Policy Studies Journal 28: 176-89.
    • (2000) Policy Studies Journal , vol.28 , pp. 176-189
    • Kamieniecki, S.1
  • 46
    • 1842566011 scopus 로고
    • Toronto: Macmillan of Canada
    • Keating, Michael. 1986. To the Last Drop. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada.
    • (1986) To the Last Drop
    • Keating, M.1
  • 50
    • 0002985212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Explaining the Formation of Business-Environmentalist Collaborations: Collaborative Windows and the Paper Task Force"
    • Lober, Douglas J. 1997. "Explaining the Formation of Business-Environmentalist Collaborations: Collaborative Windows and the Paper Task Force." Policy Sciences 30: 1-24.
    • (1997) Policy Sciences , vol.30 , pp. 1-24
    • Lober, D.J.1
  • 51
    • 42349091443 scopus 로고
    • "Water Shortages Are Coming"
    • (October 4)
    • McGavin, R. 1978. "Water Shortages Are Coming." Globe and Mail (October 4).
    • (1978) Globe and Mail
    • McGavin, R.1
  • 52
    • 42349090182 scopus 로고
    • New York: F. A. Praeger
    • Moss, Frank E. 1967. The Watercrisis. New York: F. A. Praeger.
    • (1967) The Watercrisis
    • Moss, F.E.1
  • 53
    • 42349088015 scopus 로고
    • "Native Band Looks at Water Exports to California"
    • Calgary Herald (June 17)
    • "Native Band Looks at Water Exports to California. "1990. Calgary Herald (June 17): A12.
    • (1990)
  • 54
    • 42349087089 scopus 로고
    • "Natives Block Water Sales"
    • (August 10)
    • "Natives Block Water Sales." 1990. Globe and Mail (August 10): B3.
    • (1990) Globe and Mail
  • 57
    • 42349114971 scopus 로고
    • "Ottawa Says Ready to Ban Water Diversions to U.S."
    • (October 21)
    • "Ottawa Says Ready to Ban Water Diversions to U.S. "1987. Toronto Star (October 21): A1.
    • (1987) Toronto Star
  • 58
    • 42349100040 scopus 로고
    • "Ottawa to Ban Export of Water on Large Scale"
    • (November 6)
    • "Ottawa to Ban Export of Water on Large Scale." 1987. Globe and Mail (November 6): A1-2.
    • (1987) Globe and Mail
  • 59
    • 0030387395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Recent Developments in Federal Water Policy: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back"
    • Pearse, Peter H., and Frank J. Quinn. 1996. "Recent Developments in Federal Water Policy: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back." Canadian Water Resources Journal 21: 329-40.
    • (1996) Canadian Water Resources Journal , vol.21 , pp. 329-340
    • Pearse, P.H.1    Quinn, F.J.2
  • 60
    • 42349101734 scopus 로고
    • "PM Defends Backing Plan"
    • (May 29)
    • "PM Defends Backing Plan." 1985. Ottawa Citizen (May 29).
    • (1985) Ottawa Citizen
  • 61
    • 42349116636 scopus 로고
    • "Poll Finds Opposition to Fresh Water Export"
    • (July 21)
    • "Poll Finds Opposition to Fresh Water Export." 1988. Globe and Mail (July 21): A4.
    • (1988) Globe and Mail
  • 62
    • 0030406123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Problem Definition and Policy Agendas: Shaping the Educational Agenda in Boston"
    • Portz, John. 1996. "Problem Definition and Policy Agendas: Shaping the Educational Agenda in Boston." Policy Studies Journal 24: 371-86.
    • (1996) Policy Studies Journal , vol.24 , pp. 371-386
    • Portz, J.1
  • 63
    • 1642604325 scopus 로고
    • "Water Transfers: Must the American West be Won Again?"
    • Quinn, Frank J. 1968. "Water Transfers: Must the American West be Won Again?" Geographical Review 58: 64-76.
    • (1968) Geographical Review , vol.58 , pp. 64-76
    • Quinn, F.J.1
  • 64
    • 42349103815 scopus 로고
    • "Area-of-Origin Protectionism"
    • Inland Water Directorate, Environment Canada
    • Quinn, Frank J. 1973. "Area-of-Origin Protectionism." Social Science Series No.6, Inland Water Directorate, Environment Canada.
    • (1973) Social Science Series No.6
    • Quinn, F.J.1
  • 65
    • 42349103281 scopus 로고
    • "The North Also Thirsts: Countering the Threat of Water Export"
    • In ed. Ralph R. Kruger and Bruce Mitchell. Toronto: Methuen
    • Quinn, Frank J. 1977. "The North Also Thirsts: Countering the Threat of Water Export." In Managing Canada's Renewable Resources, ed. Ralph R. Kruger and Bruce Mitchell. Toronto: Methuen.
    • (1977) Managing Canada's Renewable Resources
    • Quinn, F.J.1
  • 66
    • 42349100213 scopus 로고
    • "Content Analysis of Public Hearings Briefs"
    • In Ottawa: Government of Canada
    • Quinn, Frank J. 1985. "Content Analysis of Public Hearings Briefs." In Inquiry on Federal Water Policy. Ottawa: Government of Canada.
    • (1985) Inquiry on Federal Water Policy
    • Quinn, F.J.1
  • 67
    • 0003610579 scopus 로고
    • "Water Diversion and Export: Learning from Canadian Experience"
    • Department of Geography, University of Waterloo
    • Quinn, Frank J. 1992. "Water Diversion and Export: Learning from Canadian Experience." Canadian Association of Geographers Public Issues Committee, Number 1. Department of Geography, University of Waterloo.
    • (1992) Canadian Association of Geographers Public Issues Committee, Number 1
    • Quinn, F.J.1
  • 69
    • 42349085268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Who Decides Whether We Sell Our Own Fresh Water?"
    • (February 12)
    • Riley, Susan. 1999. "Who Decides Whether We Sell Our Own Fresh Water?" Ottawa Citizen (February 12): A15.
    • (1999) Ottawa Citizen
    • Riley, S.1
  • 70
    • 21344480047 scopus 로고
    • "Problem Definition, Agenda Access, and Policy Choice"
    • (March)
    • Rochefort, David, and Roger W. Cobb. 1993. "Problem Definition, Agenda Access, and Policy Choice." Policy Studies Journal 21 (March): 56-71.
    • (1993) Policy Studies Journal , vol.21 , pp. 56-71
    • Rochefort, D.1    Cobb, R.W.2
  • 72
    • 0345094636 scopus 로고
    • Rosenberg, Norman J., ed. Boulder, CO: Westveiw Press
    • Rosenberg, Norman J., ed. 1978. North American Droughts. Boulder, CO: Westveiw Press.
    • (1978) North American Droughts
  • 74
    • 84937307206 scopus 로고
    • "Radon and Asbestos: A Study of Agenda Setting and Casual Stories"
    • (March)
    • Scheberle, Denise. 1994. "Radon and Asbestos: A Study of Agenda Setting and Casual Stories." Policy Studies Journal 22 (March): 74-86.
    • (1994) Policy Studies Journal , vol.22 , pp. 74-86
    • Scheberle, D.1
  • 75
    • 42349107933 scopus 로고
    • "The Design of Water-Export Policy"
    • In ed. John Whalley, Bruce W. Wilkinson, and Anthony Scott. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada
    • Scott, Anthony, John Olynyk, and Steven Benzetti. 1986. "The Design of Water-Export Policy." In Canada's Resource Industries, ed. John Whalley, Bruce W. Wilkinson, and Anthony Scott. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, 161-246.
    • (1986) Canada's Resource Industries , pp. 161-246
    • Scott, A.1    Olynyk, J.2    Benzetti, S.3
  • 76
    • 42349099336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Water Export Controls and Canadian International Trade Obligations"
    • Accessed March 3, 2008
    • Shybman, Steven. 1999. "Water Export Controls and Canadian International Trade Obligations." Legal Opinion Commissioned by the Council of Canadians. http://www.waterbank.com/Newsletters/nws15.html. Accessed March 3, 2008.
    • (1999) Legal Opinion Commissioned By the Council of Canadians
    • Shybman, S.1
  • 77
    • 42349094697 scopus 로고
    • "Johnson Asks for Three-Pronged Attack to Save the World's Water"
    • (May 24)
    • Smith, G. 1967. "Johnson Asks for Three-Pronged Attack to Save the World's Water," Globe and Mail (May 24).
    • (1967) Globe and Mail
    • Smith, G.1
  • 78
    • 84921861213 scopus 로고
    • "Casual Stories and the Formation of Policy Agendas"
    • (November 2)
    • Stone, Deborah A. 1989. "Casual Stories and the Formation of Policy Agendas." Political Science Quarterly 104 (November 2): 281-300.
    • (1989) Political Science Quarterly , vol.2 , pp. 281-300
    • Stone, D.A.1
  • 79
    • 0034519109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Models for Research Into Decision-Making Process: On Phases, Streams and Decision-Making Rounds"
    • Tiesman, Geert R. 2000. "Models for Research Into Decision-Making Process: On Phases, Streams and Decision-Making Rounds." Public Administration 78: 937-56.
    • (2000) Public Administration , vol.78 , pp. 937-956
    • Tiesman, G.R.1
  • 80
    • 0024857719 scopus 로고
    • "Redefining Security"
    • (Spring)
    • Tuchman, M. Jessica. 1989. "Redefining Security." Foreign Affairs 68 (Spring): 162-78.
    • (1989) Foreign Affairs , vol.68 , pp. 162-178
    • Tuchman, M.J.1
  • 81
    • 84974291786 scopus 로고
    • "Setting the Agenda in the U.S. Senate: A Theory of Problem Selection"
    • (January)
    • Walker, Jack L. 1977. "Setting the Agenda in the U.S. Senate: A Theory of Problem Selection." British Journal of Political Science 7 (January): 423-45.
    • (1977) British Journal of Political Science , vol.7 , pp. 423-445
    • Walker, J.L.1
  • 82
    • 42349099892 scopus 로고
    • "Water Exports Could Follow Free Trade Deal, Experts Warn"
    • (May 19)
    • "Water Exports Could Follow Free Trade Deal, Experts Warn." 1988. Toronto Star (May 19): A1, -A28.
    • (1988) Toronto Star
  • 83
    • 42349093425 scopus 로고
    • "Water Seen as powerful Tool in Trade Talks"
    • (October 2)
    • "Water Seen as powerful Tool in Trade Talks." 1985. Calgary Herald (October 2).
    • (1985) Calgary Herald
  • 84
    • 0002754580 scopus 로고
    • "Ideas and the Politics of Bounded Innovation"
    • In ed. Sven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Weir, Margaret. 1992. "Ideas and the Politics of Bounded Innovation." In Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analyses, ed. Sven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 188-216.
    • (1992) Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analyses , pp. 188-216
    • Weir, M.1
  • 85
    • 0032020301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Dynamics of Foreign Policy Agenda Setting"
    • (March)
    • Wood, Dan B., and Jeffrey S. Peake. 1998. "The Dynamics of Foreign Policy Agenda Setting." American Political Science Review 92 (March): 173-84.
    • (1998) American Political Science Review , vol.92 , pp. 173-184
    • Wood, D.B.1    Peake, J.S.2
  • 86
    • 0029432035 scopus 로고
    • "Ideas, Networks, and Policy Streams Privatization in Britain and Germany"
    • (Spring/Summer)
    • Zahariadis, Nikolaos, and Christopher S. Allen. 1995. "Ideas, Networks, and Policy Streams: Privatization in Britain and Germany." Policy Studies Review 14 (Spring/Summer): 71-98.
    • (1995) Policy Studies Review , vol.14 , pp. 71-98
    • Zahariadis, N.1    Allen, C.S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.