Evaluation of adrenal function using the human corticotrophin-releasing hormone test, low dose Synacthen test and 9am cortisol level in children and adolescents with central adrenal insufficiency

Clinical Endocrinology

Volumn 68, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 683-691

  Maguire, Ann M ^a,b   Biesheuvel, Cornelis J ^a   Ambler, Geoffrey R ^a,b   Moore, Bin ^a   McLean, Mark ^c,d   Cowell, Christopher T ^a,b  

^a CHILDREN S HOSPITAL AT WESTMEAD   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^c WESTMEAD HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^d University of Sydney   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR; HYDROCORTISONE; TETRACOSACTIDE;

ABSENCE OF SIDE EFFECTS; ADOLESCENT; ADRENAL FUNCTION; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; ADULT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; EVALUATION; HORMONAL REGULATION; HORMONE DETERMINATION; HOT FLUSH; HUMAN; HUMAN CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE TEST; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; LOW DOSE SYNACTHEN TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

ADOLESCENT; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; COSYNTROPIN; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; HYPOTHALAMO-HYPOPHYSEAL SYSTEM; MALE; PITUITARY-ADRENAL SYSTEM; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 42149170770     PISSN: 03000664     EISSN: 13652265     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03100.x     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Shah, A., Stanhope, R. Matthew, D. (1992) Hazards of pharmacological tests of growth hormone secretion in childhood. British Medical Journal, 304, 173 174.
2. Department of Health, UK (1992) Anterior Pituitary Function Tests in Childhood. Department of Health, London.
3. Dullaart, R.P., Pasterkamp, S.H., Beentjes, J.A. Sluiter, W.J. (1999) Evaluation of adrenal function in patients with hypothalamic and pituitary disorders: comparison of serum cortisol, urinary free cortisol and the human-corticotrophin releasing hormone test with the insulin tolerance test. Clinical Endocrinology, 50, 465 471.
4. Maghnie, M., Uga, E., Temporini, F., di Iorgi, N., Secco, A., Tinelli, C., Papalia, A., Casini, M.R. Loche, S. (2005) Evaluation of adrenal function in patients with growth hormone deficiency and hypothalamic-pituitary disorders: comparison between insulin-induced hypoglycemia, low-dose ACTH, standard ACTH and CRH stimulation tests. European Journal of Endocrinology, 152, 735 741.
5. Schlaghecke, R., Kornely, E., Santen, R.T. Ridderskamp, P. (1992) The effect of long-term glucocorticoid therapy on pituitary-adrenal responses to exogenous corticotropin-releasing hormone. New England Journal of Medicine, 326, 226 230.
6. Schmidt, I.L., Lahner, H., Mann, K. Petersenn, S. (2003) Diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency: evaluation of the corticotropin-releasing hormone test and basal serum cortisol in comparison to the insulin tolerance test in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal disease. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 88, 4193 4198.
7. Darmon, P., Dadoun, F., Frachebois, C., Velut, J.G., Boullu, S., Dutour, A., Oliver, C. Grino, M. (1999) On the meaning of low-dose ACTH(1-24) tests to assess functionality of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. European Journal of Endocrinology, 140, 51 55.
8. Attanasio, A., Rosskamp, R., Bernasconi, S., Terzi, C., Ranke, M.B., Giovanelli, G. Gupta, D. (1987) Plasma adrenocorticotropin, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone response to corticotropin-releasing factor in normal children during pubertal development. Pediatric Research, 22, 41 44.
9. Garnett, S.P., Högler, W., Blades, B., Baur, L.A., Peat, J., Lee, J. Cowell, C.T. (2004) Relation between hormones and body composition, including bone in prepubertal children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 80, 966 972.
10. Maguire, A.M., Ambler, G.R., Moore, B., McLean, M., Falleti, M.G. Cowell, C.T. (2007) Prolonged hypocortisolaemia in hydrocortisone replacement regimens in ACTH deficiency. Pediatrics, 120, e164 171.
11. Maguire, A.M., Ambler, G.R., Moore, B., Waite, K., McLean, M. Cowell, C.T. (2007) The clinical utility of alternative, less invasive sampling techniques in the assessment of oral hydrocortisone therapy in children and adolescents with hypopituitarism. European Journal of Endocrinology, 156, 471 476.
12. Irwig, L., Tosteson, A.N., Gatsonis, C., Lau, J., Colditz, G., Chalmers, T.C. Mosteller, F. (1994) Guidelines for meta-analyses evaluating diagnostic tests. Annals of Internal Medicine, 120, 667 676.
13. Hanley, J.A. McNeil, B.J. (1982) The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology, 143, 29 36.
14. Peat, J. Barton, B. (2005) Categorical and continuous variables. In : Medical Statistics: A Guide to Data Analysis and Critical Appraisal, 1st edn. BMJ Books, London, 278 295.
15. Bland, J.M. Altman, D.G. (1986) Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet, 1, 307 310.
16. Watts, N.B. Tindall, G.T. (1988) Rapid assessment of corticotropin reserve after pituitary surgery. Journal of the American Medical Association, 259, 708 711.
17. Courtney, C.H., McAllister, A.S., McCance, D.R., Bell, P.M., Hadden, D.R., Leslie, H., Sheridan, B. Atkinson, A.B. (2000) Comparison of one week 0900 h serum cortisol, low and standard dose synacthen tests with a 4-6 week insulin hypoglycaemia test after pituitary surgery in assessing HPA axis. Clinical Endocrinology, 53, 431 436.
18. Hagg, E., Asplund, K. Lithner, F. (1987) Value of basal plasma cortisol assays in the assessment of pituitary-adrenal insufficiency. Clinical Endocrinology, 26, 221 226.
19. Jones, S.L., Trainer, P.J., Perry, L., Wass, J.A., Bessser, G.M. Grossman, A. (1994) An audit of the insulin tolerance test in adult subjects in an acute investigation unit over one year. Clinical Endocrinology, 41, 123 128.
20. Pavord, S.R., Girach, A., Price, D.E., Absalom, S.R., Falconer-Smith, J. Howlett, T.A. (1992) A retrospective audit of the combined pituitary function test, using the insulin stress test, TRH and GnRH in a district laboratory. Clinical Endocrinology, 36, 135 139.
21. Vance, M.L. (1994) Hypopituitarism. New England Journal of Medicine, 330, 1651 1662.
22. Chrousos, G.P., O'Dowd, L., Uryniak, T., Simpson, B., Casty, F. Goldman, M. (2007) Basal and cosyntropin-stimulated plasma cortisol concentrations, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, in children aged 5 months to younger than 6 years. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 92, 2125 2129.
23. Lytras, N., Grossman, A., Perry, L., Tomlin, S., Wass, J.A., Coy, D.H., Schally, A.V., Rees, L.H. Besser, G.M. (1984) Corticotrophin releasing factor: responses in normal subjects and patients with disorders of the hypothalamus and pituitary. Clinical Endocrinology, 20, 71 84.
24. Abdu, T.A., Elhadd, T.A., Neary, R. Clayton, R.N. (1999) Comparison of the low dose short synacthen test (1 microg), the conventional dose short synacthen test (250 microg), and the insulin tolerance test for assessment of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with pituitary disease. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 84, 838 843.
25. Broide, J., Soferman, R., Kivity, S., Golander, A., Dickstein, G., Spirer, Z. Weisman, Y. (1995) Low-dose adrenocorticotropin test reveals impaired adrenal function in patients taking inhaled corticosteroids. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 80, 1243 1246.
26. Dokmetas, H.S., Colak, R., Kelestimur, F., Selcuklu, A., Unluhizarci, K. Bayram, F. (2000) A comparison between the 1-microg adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) test, the short ACTH (250 microg) test, and the insulin tolerance test in the assessment of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis immediately after pituitary surgery. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 85, 3713 3719.
27. Gonc, E.N., Kandemir, N. Kinik, S.T. (2003) Significance of low-dose and standard-dose ACTH tests compared to overnight metyrapone test in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency in childhood. Hormone Research, 60, 191 197.
28. Talwar, V., Lodha, S. Dash, R.J. (1998) Assessing the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis using physiological doses of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 91, 285 290.
29. Weintrob, N., Sprecher, E., Josefsberg, Z., Weininger, C., Aurbach-Klipper, Y., Lazard, D., Karp, M. Pertzelan, A. (1998) Standard and low-dose short adrenocorticotropin test compared with insulin-induced hypoglycemia for assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in children with idiopathic multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 83, 88 92.
30. Soule, S., Van Zyl, S.C., Parolis, G., Attenborough, S., Peter, D., Kinvig, S., Kinvig, T. Coetzer, E. (2000) The low dose ACTH stimulation test is less sensitive than the overnight metyrapone test for the diagnosis of secondary hypoadrenalism. Clinical Endocrinology, 53, 221 227.
31. Oelkers, W. (1999) Comment on comparison of the low dose short synacthen test (1 microg), the conventional dose short synacthen test (250 microg), and the insulin tolerance test for assessment of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with pituitary disease. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 84, 2973 2974.
32. Dorin, R.I., Qualls, C.R. Crapo, L.M. (2003) Diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. Annals of Internal Medicine, 139, 194 204.
33. Dickstein, G. (2004) High-dose and low-dose cosyntropin stimulation tests for diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. Annals of Internal Medicine, 140, 312 313.
34. Dorin, R.I., Qualls, C.R. Crapo, L.M. (2004) High-dose and low-dose cosyntropin stimulation tests for diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. Annals of Internal Medicine, 140, 313 314.
35. Fujiwara, I., Igarashi, Y. Ogawa, E. (1995) A comparison of pituitary-adrenal responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone, hypoglycaemia and metyrapone in children with brain tumours and growth hormone deficiency. European Journal of Pediatrics, 154, 717 722.
36. Riddick, L., Chrousos, G.P., Jeffries, S. Pang, S. (1994) Comparison of adrenocorticotropin and adrenal steroid responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone versus metyrapone testing in patients with hypopituitarism. Pediatric Research, 36, 215 220.
37. Orth, D.N. (1992) Corticotropin-releasing hormone in humans. Endocrine Reviews, 13, 164 191.
38. Scott, L.V., Medbak, S. Dinan, T.G. (1999) ACTH and cortisol release following intravenous desmopressin: a dose-response study. Clinical Endocrinology, 51, 653 658.
39. Gillies, G.E., Linton, E.A. Lowry, P.J. (1982) Corticotropin releasing activity of the new CRF is potentiated several times by vasopressin. Nature, 299, 355 357.