Detection and modelling of case clusters for urban leptospirosis

Tropical Medicine and International Health

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 503-512

  Tassinari, Wagner S ^a,b,c   Pellegrini, Debora C P ^b   Sá, Claudio B P ^b   Reis, Renato B ^b   Ko, Albert I ^b,d   Carvalho, Marilia S ^b  

^a FEDERAL RURAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO   (Brazil)

^b INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ   (Brazil)

^c FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO   (Brazil)

^d WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Generalized linear mixed model; Geographic information systems; Leptospirosis; Spatial epidemiology; Urban epidemics

Indexed keywords

RAIN;

DETECTION METHOD; DISEASE TREATMENT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEALTH RISK; MODELING; PARASITIC DISEASE; PRECIPITATION INTENSITY; SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS; URBAN AREA;

ARTICLE; BRAZIL; CLIMATE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; EPIDEMIC; GENERAL HOSPITAL; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LEPTOSPIROSIS; LETHALITY; MODEL; RISK FACTOR; SOCIOECONOMICS; URBAN AREA;

BRAZIL; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; ENVIRONMENT; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; LEPTOSPIROSIS; RAIN; RISK FACTORS; SPACE-TIME CLUSTERING; URBAN HEALTH;

BRAZIL; RIO DE JANEIRO [BRAZIL]; SOUTH AMERICA;

EID: 42149117907     PISSN: 13602276     EISSN: 13653156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02028.x     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Abreu MA (1987) Rio de Janeiro Urban Evolution. IPLANRIO/JORGE ZAHAR Press, Rio de Janeiro (in Portuguese).
2. Barcellos C Sabroza PC (2000) Social-environmental determinants of the leptospirose outbreak of 1996 in Western Rio de Janeiro: a geographical approach. International Journal of Environmental Health Research 10, 301 313.
3. Barcellos C Sabroza PC (2001) The place behind the case: leptospirosis risks associated environmental conditions in a flood-related outbreak in Rio de Janeiro. Reports in Public Health 17, 1 13 in Portuguese).
4. Bharadwaj R, Bal AM, Joshi SA et al. (2002) An urban outbreak of leptospirosis in Mumbai, India. Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 55, 194 196.
5. Bharti AR, Nally JE, Ricaldi JN et al. (2003) Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 3, 757 771.
6. Boland M, Sayers G, Coleman T et al. (2004) A cluster of leptospirosis cases in canoeists following a competition on the River Liffey. Epidemiology and Infection 132, 95 200.
7. Brasel KE Reif D (1979) A procedure to generate Thiessen polygons. Geographical Analysis 11, 289 303.
8. Câmara G, Souza RCM, Pedrosa BM et al. (2000) Terralib: technology in support of GIS innovation. In : II Workshop Brasileiro de Geoinformática, GeoInfo2000. São Paulo, Brazil. Available at: http://www.dpi.inpe.br/terraview (accessed 2 April 2006).
9. Edwards GA Domm BM (1960) Human leptospirosis. Medicine 39, 117 156.
10. Elliott P, Wakefield JC Best NG (2000) Spatial Epidemiology: Methods and Applications. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
11. Everard CO, Edwards CN Carrington DG (1995) A twelve year study of leptospirosis on Barbados. European Journal of Epidemiology 11, 311 320.
12. Faine S (1999) Leptospira and Leptospirosis. MedSci, Melbourne.
13. Farr RW (1995) Leptospirosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases 21, 1 8.
14. FIBGE (Foundation Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) (2001) Demographic census of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil. Available at: http://www.ibge.gov. br/censos/ (accessed 2 April 2007).
15. FUNASA (Health department, National Foundation of the Health - Brazil) (2005) Epidemiologist Surveillance Guide (in Portuguese). Health Ministry, Brazil.
16. Geoprocessing Laboratory (2001) SISLOC - Geocode System. DIS/CICT/FIOCRUZ. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro.
17. GEORIO (2006) Rainfall Data. Available at: http://www.rio.rj.gov.br/ georio/alerta/tempo.htm (accessed 9 October 2006).
18. Hunter PA (2003) Climate change and waterborne and vector-borne disease. Journal of Applied Microbiology 94, 37 46.
19. IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Available at: http://www.ipcc.ch/meet/ session26/Doc4.pdf (accessed 9 April 2007).
20. Jansen A, Schoneberg I, Frank C et al. (2005) Leptospirosis in Germany 1962-2003. Emerging Infectious Diseases 11, 1048 1054.
21. Kariv R, Klempfner R, Barnea A, Sidi Y Schwartz E (2001) The changing epidemiology of leptospirosis in Israel. Emerging Infectious Diseases 7, 990 992.
22. Ko AI, Reis MG, Dourado CMR et al. (1999) Urban epidemic of severe leptospirosis in Brazil. The Lancet 353, 820 825.
23. Kulldorf M Nagarwalla N (1995) Spatial disease clusters: detection and inference. Statistics in Medicine 14, 799 810.
24. Kupek E, Faversani MC Philippi JM (2001) The relationship between rainfall and human leptospirosis in Florianopolis, Brazil 1991-1996. The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases 4, 131 134.
25. Levett PN (2001) Leptospirosis Clinical Microbiology Reviews 13, 296 326.
26. Mantel N (1967) The detection of disease clustering and a generalised regression approach. Cancer Research 27, 209 220.
27. McBride A, Athanazio DA, Reis MG Ko A (2005) Leptospirosis Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 18, 376 386.
28. Mcculloch CE Searle SR (2000) Generalized, Linear, and Mixed Models. John Wiley, New York.
29. Merien F Perolat P (1996) Public health importance of human leptospirosis in the south pacific: a five-year study in New Caledonia. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 55, 174 178.
30. Mills JN Childs JE (1998) Ecologic studies of rodent reservoirs: their relevance for human health. Emerging Infectious Diseases 4, 529 537.
31. Morgan J, Bornstei SL Karpati AM (2002) Outbreak of leptospirosis among triathlon participants and community residents in Springfield, Illinois 1998. Clinical Infection Diseases 34, 1593 1599.
32. Navarro MBMA, Filgueiras ALL, Asensi HCMD et al. (2002) Emergentes and Reemergentes Illness, Health and Environmental (in Portuguese). FIOCRUZ Press, Rio de Janeiro.
33. Okabe A, Boots B, Sugihara K Chiu SN (2000) Spatial Tessellations - Concepts and Applications of Voronoi Diagrams. Wiley, Chichester.
34. R Development Core Team (2005) R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
35. Roberts L, Confalonieri UEC Aaron JL (2001) Ecosystem Change and Public Health: a Global Perspective. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
36. Romero EC, Bernardo CC Yasuda PH (2003) Human leptospirosis: a twenty-nine-year serological study in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 45, 245 248.
37. Santos S Barcellos C (2006) Space Approaches in the Public Health. Health Department, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil (in Portuguese). Available at: http://portal.saude.gov.br/saude/ (accessed 9 April 2007).
38. Sarkar U, Nascimento SF, Matos RB et al. (2002) A population-based case-control investigation of risk factors for leptospirosis during an urban epidemic. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 66, 605 610.
39. Sclar E, Garau P Carolini G (2005) The 21st century health challenge of slums and cities. The Lancet 365, 901 903.
40. Skaba DA, Carvalho MS, Barcellos C et al. (2004) Geoprocessing of health data: treatment of information on addresses. Reports in Public Health 20, 1753 1756 in Portuguese).
41. Smythe L (1999) Leptospirosis worldwide. Weekly Epidemiological Record 74, 237 242.
42. Snedecor G Cochran WG (1982) Statistical Methods. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA.
43. Snijders T Bosker R (1999) Multilevel Analysis: an Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
44. Tangkanakul W, Smits HL, Jatanasen S Ashford DA (2005) Leptospirosis: an emerging health problem in Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine & Public Health 36, 281 288.
45. Tassinari WS, Pellegrini D, Carvalho MS Sabroza P (2004) Space distribution of the leptospirosis in the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the years of 1996-1999. Reports in Public Health 20, 1721 1729 in Portuguese).
46. UN-Habitat (United Nations Human Settlements Programme) (2003) The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements. Earthscan Publications Ltd., London and Sterling, p. 310.
47. Watson JT, Michelle G Connolly MA (2007) Epidemics after natural disasters. Emerging Infectious Diseases 13, 001 005.
48. Wuthiekanun V, Sirisukkarn N, Daengsupa P et al. (2007) Clinical diagnosis and geographic distribution of leptospirosis, Thailand. Emerging Infectious Disease 13, 124 126.
49. Yersin C, Bovet P, Merien T, Wong J, Panowsky J Perolat P (1998) Human leptospirosis in the Seychelles (Indian Ocean): a population-based study. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 59, 933 940.