Subtalar joint position during gastrocnemius stretching and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion

Journal of Athletic Training

Volumn 43, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 172-178

  Johanson, Marie ^a,b   Baer, Jennifer ^a   Hovermale, Holley ^a   Phouthavong, Phouvy ^a  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Subtalar joint pronation; Subtalar joint supination

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANKLE; ARTICLE; EXERCISE; FEMALE; GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE; HUMAN; MALE; MUSCLE STRETCHING; RANGE OF MOTION; SUBTALAR JOINT; WEIGHT BEARING;

EID: 41949105845     PISSN: 10626050     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-43.2.172     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Kibler WB, Goldberg C, Chandler TJ. Functional biomechanical deficits in running athletes with plantar fasciitis. Am J Sports Med. 1991;19(1):66-71.
2. Riddle DL, Pulisic M, Pidcoe P, Johnson RE. Risk factors for plantar fasciitis: a matched case-control study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85(5):872-877.
3. Warren BL, Davis V. Determining predictor variables for running-related pain. Phys Ther. 1988;68(5):647-651.
4. Clement DB, Taunton JE, Smart GW. Achilles tendinitis and peritendinitis: etiology and treatment. Am J Sports Med. 1984;12(3):179-184.
5. Kaufman KR, Brodine SK, Shaffer RA, Johnson CW, Cullison TR. The effect of foot structure and range of motion on musculoskeletal overuse injuries. Am J Sports Med. 1999;27(5):585-593.
6. Wilder RP, Sethi S. Overuse injuries: tendinopathies, stress fractures, compartment syndrome, and shin splints. Clin Sports Med. 2004;23(1):55-81,vi.
7. Lilletvedt J, Kreighbeaum E, Phillips RL. Analysis of selected alignment of the lower extremity related to the shin splint syndrome. J Am Podiatry Assoc. 1979;69(3):211-217.
8. Messier SP, Pittala KA. Etiologic factors associated with selected running injuries. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1988;20(5):501-505.
9. Lun V, Meeuwisse, WH, Stergiou P, Stefanyshyn D. Relation between running injury and static lower limb alignment in recreational runners. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38(5):576-580.
10. Riemann BL, DeMont RG, Ryu K, Lephart SM. The effects of sex, joint angle, and the gastrocnemius muscle on passive ankle joint complex stiffness. J Athl Train. 2001;36(4):369-375.
11. Jordan RP, Cooper M, Schuster RO. Ankle dorsiflexion at the heel-off phase of gait: a photokinegraphic study. J Am Podiatry Assoc. 1979;69(1):40-46.
12. Norkin CC, Levangie PK. Joint Structure and Function:AComprehensive Analysis. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis; 2001.
13. Subotnick SI. Equinus deformity as it affects the forefoot. J Am Podiatry Assoc. 1971;61:423-427.
14. Cornwall MW, McPoil TG. Effect of ankle dorsiflexion range of motion on rearfoot motion during walking. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1999;89(6):272-277.
15. Davis KE, Cooper J, Garbalosa JC. Physical therapy. In: Donatelli RA, ed. The Biomechanics of the Foot and Ankle. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis; 1996:280-323.
16. Donatelli RA, Wooden MJ. Biomechanical orthotics. In: Donatelli RA, ed. The Biomechanics of the Foot and Ankle. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis; 1996:255-279.
17. Karas MA, Hoy DJ. Compensatory midfoot dorsiflexion in the individual with heelcord tightness: implications for orthotic device designs. J Prosth Orthot. 2002;14(2):82-93.
18. Tiberio D. Evaluation of functional ankle dorsiflexion using subtalar neutral position: a clinical report. Phys Ther. 1987;67(6):955-957.
19. Tiberio D, Bohannon RW, Zito MA. Effect of subtalar joint position on the measurement of maximum ankle dorsiflexion. Clin Biomech. 1989;4(3):189-91.
20. Anderson B, Burke ER. Scientific, medical and practical aspects of stretching. Clin Sports Med. 1991;10(1):63-86.
21. Bohannon RW, Tiberio D, Waters G. Motion measured from forefoot and hindfoot landmarks during passive ankle dorsiflexion range of motion. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1991;13(1):20-22.
22. Worrell TW, McCullough M, Pfeiffer A. Effect of foot position on gastrocnemius/soleus stretching in subjects with normal flexibility. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1994;19(6):352-356.
23. Murray MP, Kory RC, Clarkson BH, Sepic SB. Comparison of free and fast speed walking patterns of normal men. Am J Phys Med. 1966;45(1):8-23.
24. Root ML, Orien WP, Weed JN. Normal and Abnormal Function of the Foot. Los Angeles, CA: Clinical Biomechanics Corp Publishers; 1977.
25. Stauffer RN, Chao EY, Brewster RC. Force and motion analysis of the normal, diseased, and prosthetic ankle joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997;127:189-196.
26. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc; 1988.
27. Smith-Oricchio K, Harris BA. Interrater reliability of subtalar neutral, calcaneal inversion and eversion. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1990;12(1):10-15.
28. Palmer ML, Epler ME. Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Assessment Techniques. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998.
29. Woerman AL, Binder-Macleod SA. Leg-length discrepancy assessment: accuracy and precision in five clinical methods of evaluation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1984;5(5):230-239.
30. Bandy WD, Irion JM, Briggler M. The effect of time and frequency of static stretching on flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Phys Ther. 1997;77(10):1090-1096.
31. Johanson MA, Wooden MJ, Catlin PA, et al. Effects of gastrocnemius stretching on ankle dorsiflexion and time-to-heel-off during the stance phase of gait. Phys Ther Sport. 2006;7(2):93-100.
32. Astrom M, Arvidson T. Alignment and joint motion in the normal foot. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1995;22(5):216-222.
33. Elveru RA, Rothstein JM, Lamb RL. Goniometric reliability in a clinical setting: subtalar and ankle joint measurements. Phys Ther. 1988;68(5):672-677.
34. McPoil TG, Cornwall MW. Relationship between three static angles of the rearfoot and the pattern of rearfoot motion during walking. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1996;23(6):370-375.
35. Tabary JC, Tabary C, Tardieu C, Tardieu G, Goldspink G. Physiological and structural changes in the cat's soleus muscle due to immobilization at different lengths by plaster casts. J Physiol. 1972;224(1):231-244.
36. Williams PE, Goldspink G. The effect of immobilization on the longitudinal growth of striated muscle fibres. J Anat. 1973;116(pt 1):45-55.
37. Warren CG, Lehmann JF, Koblanski JN. Heat and stretch procedures: an evaluation using rat tail tendon. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1976;57(3):122-126.
38. Lieber RL. Skeletal Muscle Structure, Function, & Plasticity. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002.
39. Halbertsma JP, van Bolhuis AI, Goeken LN. Sport stretching: effect on passive muscle stiffness of short hamstrings. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77(7):688-692.
40. Magnusson SP, Aagard P, Simonsen E, Bojsen-Møller F. A biomechanical evaluation of cyclic and static stretch in human skeletal muscle. Int J Sports Med. 1998;19(5):310-316.
41. Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Aagard P, Sorenson H, Kjaer M. A mechanism for altered flexibility in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 1996;497(pt 1):291-298.