Visiting a forest, but not a city, increases human natural killer activity and expression of anti-cancer proteins

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 117-127

  Li, Qing ^a   Morimoto, K ^b   Kobayashi, M ^a   Inagaki, H ^a   Katsumata, M ^a   Hirata, Y ^a   Hirata, K ^a   Suzuki, H ^a   Li, Y J ^a   Wakayama, Y ^a   Kawada, T ^a   Park, B J ^c   Ohira, T ^c   Matsui, N ^c   Kagawa, T ^c   Miyazaki, Y ^c   Krensky, A M ^d  

^a NIPPON MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Japan)

^b OSAKA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

^c FORESTRY AND FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Japan)

^d STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Anti cancer proteins; Forest bathing; Granulysin; Granzyme; NK activity; Perforin

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; BETA PINENE; GRANULYSIN; GRANZYME A; GRANZYME B; PERFORIN; PINENE;

ADRENALIN URINE LEVEL; ADULT; AIR ANALYSIS; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; CELL ACTIVITY; CITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; FOREST; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INFORMED CONSENT; MALE; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; QUESTIONNAIRE; TRAVEL; URINALYSIS;

EID: 41849140479     PISSN: 03946320     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/039463200802100113     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Li Q., A. Nakadai, H. Matsushima, Y. Miyazaki, A.M. Krensky, T. Kawada and K. Morimoto. 2006. Phytoncides (wood essential oils) induce human natural killer cell activity. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 28:319.
2. Li Q., K. Morimoto, A. Nakadai, H. Inagaki, M. Katsumata, T. Shimizu, T., Y. Hirata, K. Hirata, H. Suzuki, Y. Miyazaki, T. Kagawa, Y. Koyama, T. Ohira, N. Takayama, A.M. Krensky and T. Kawada. 2007. Forest bathing enhances human natural killer activity and expression of anti-cancer proteins. Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. 20(S2):3.
3. Ohtsuka Y., N. Yabunaka and S. Takayama. 1998. Shinrin-yoku (forest-air bathing and walking) effectively decreases blood glucose levels i n diabetic patients. Int. J. Biometeorol. 41:125.
4. Yamaguchi M., M. Deguchi and Y. Miyazaki. 2006. The effects of exercise in forest and urban environments on sympathetic nervous activity of normal young adults. J. Int. Med. Res. 34:152.
5. Morita E., S. Fukuda, J. Nagano, N. Hamajima, H. Yamamoto, Y. Iwai, T. Nakashima, H. Ohira and T. Shirakawa. 2007. Psychological effects of forest environments on healthy adults: Shinrin-yoku (forest-air bathing, walking) as a possible method of stress reduction. Public Health 121:54.
6. Forestry Agency of Japan. 2002. http: //www.rinya.maff.go.jp/ toukei/genkyou/shinrin-jinkou.htm
7. Komori T., R. Fujiwara, M. Tanida, J. Nomura and M.M. Yokoyama. 1995. Effects of citrus fragrance on immune function and depressive states. Neuroimmunomodulation 2:174.
8. Li Q., K. Morimoto, A. Nakadai, T. Qu, H. Matsushima, M. Katsumata, T. Shimizu, H. Inagaki, Y. Hirata, K. Hirata, T. Kawada, Y. Lu, K. Nakayama and A.M. Krensky. 2007. Healthy lifestyles are associated with higher levels of perforin, granulysin and granzymes A/B-expressing cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Prev. Med. 44:117.
9. Kawada T., P. Xin, M. Kuroiwa, Y. Sasazwa, S. Suzuki and Y. Tamura. 2001. Habituation of sleep to road traffic noise as determined by polysomnography and accelerometer. J. Sound Vib. 242:169.
10. Angeli A. 1992. Circadian rhythms of human NK cell activity. Chronobiologia 19:195.
11. Gamaleia N.F., L.M. Skivka, A.G. Fedorchuk and E.D. Shishko. 2006. Circadian rhythms of cytotoxic activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with malignant melanoma. Exp. Oncol. 28:54.
12. Li Q., Y. Hirata, T. Kawada and M. Minami. 2004. Elevated frequency of sister chromatid exchanges of lymphocytes in sarin-exposed victims of the Tokyo sarin disaster 3 years after the event. Toxicology 201: 209.
13. Li Q., A. Nakadai, M. Ishizaki, K. Morimoto, A. Ueda, A.M. Krensky and T. Kawada. 2005. Dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP) markedly decreases the expression of perforin, granzyme A and granulysin in human NK-92CI cell line. Toxicology 213:107.
14. Hirowatari Y., Y. Ito, M. Kasai, H. Takahashi and H. Hayashi. 1999. Development of the automatic catecholamine analyzer HLC-725CAII. Journal of TOSOH Research 43:3 (in Japanese with English abstract).
15. Vranes Z., B. Uzarevic, D. Batinic, M. Peric, Z. Poljakovic and M. Marusic. 1990. Natural killer (NKH-1+) cell number and activity in health and disease. Med. Lab. Sci. 47:108.
16. Panpanich T., T. Hemachudha, S. Piyasirisilp, S. Manatsathit, H. Wilde and P. Phanuphak. 1992. Cells with natural killer activity in human rabies. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 89:414.
17. Beresford P.J., C.M. Kam, J.C. Powers and J. Lieberman. 1997. Recombinant human granzyme A binds to two putative HLA-associated proteins and cleaves one of them. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 9285.
18. Smyth M.J., J.M. Kelly, V.R. Sutton, J.E. Davis, K.A. Browne, T.J. Sayers and J.A. Trapani. 2001. Unlocking the secrets of cytotoxic granule proteins. J. Leukoc. Biol. 70:18.
19. Li Q., N. Nagahara, H. Takahashi, K. Takeda, K. Okumura and M. Minami. 2002. Organophosphorus pesticides markedly inhibit the activities of natural killer, cytotoxic T lymphocyte and lymphokine-activated killer: a proposed inhibiting mechanism via granzyme inhibition. Toxicology 172:181.
20. Li Q., A. Nakadai, K. Takeda and T. Kawada. 2004. Dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP) markedly inhibits activities of natural killer cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes and lymphokine-activated killer cells via the Fas-ligand/Fas pathway in perforin-knockout (PKO) mice. Toxicology 204:41.
21. Okada S., Q. Li, J.C. Whitin, C. Clayberger and A.M. Krensky. 2003. Intracellular mediators of granulysin-induced cell death. J. Immunol. 171: 2556.
22. Krensky A.M. and C. Clayberger. 2005. Granulysin: a novel host defense molecule. Am. J. Transplant. 5:1789.
23. Huang L.P., S.C. Lyu, C. Clayberger and A.M. Krensky. 2007. Granulysin-mediated tumor rejection in transgenic mice. J. Immunol. 178:77.
24. Frankenhaeuser M. 1975. Experimental approach to the study of catecholamines and emotion. In: Emotions, Their Parameters and Measurement, ed. L. Levi, New York: Raven Press. p. 209.
25. Moleman P., J.H. Tulen, P.J. Blankestijn, A.J. Man in 't Veld and F. Boomsma. 1992. Urinary excretion of catecholamines and their metabolites in relation to circulating catecholamines. Six-hour infusion of epinephrine and norepinephrine in healthy volunteers. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 49:568.
26. van der Beek A.J., T.F. Meijman, M.H. Frings-Dresen, J.I. Kuiper and S. Kuiper. 1995. Lorry drivers' work stress evaluated by catecholamines excreted in urine. Occup. Environ. Med. 52:464.
27. Sluiter J.K., A.J. van der Beek and M.H. Frings-Dresen. 1998. Work stress and recovery measured by urinary catecholamines and cortisol excretion in long distance coach drivers. Occup. Environ. Med. 55:407.
28. Dimsdale J.E. and J. Moss. 1980. Plasma catecholamines in stress and exercise. JAMA. 243:340.
29. Garland M., D. Doherty, L. Golden-Mason, P. Fitzpatrick, N. Walsh and C. O'Farrelly. 2003. Stress-related hormonal suppression of natural killer activity does not show menstrual cycle variations: implications for timing of surgery for breast cancer. Anticancer Res. 23:2531.
30. Li Q., Z. Liang, A. Nakadai and T. Kawada. 2005. Effect of electric foot shock and psychological stress on activities of murine splenic natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer receptors and mRNA transcripts for granzymes and perforin. Stress 8:107.
31. Park B.J., Y. Tsunetsugu, T. Kasetani, T. Ohira, N. Matsui, N. Takayama, H. Murata, M. Yamaguchi, A. Yasukouchi, H. Hirano, T. Kagawa and Y. Miyazaki. 2005. Physiological effects of bathing in the forest atmosphere (I) - Using salivary cortisol and cerebral activity (TRS) as an indicator. J. Physiol. Anthropol. Appl. Human Sci. 24:188.
32. Nieman D.C. 2000. Special feature for the Olympics: effects of exercise on the immune system: exercise effects on systemic immunity. Immunol. Cell Biol. 78:496.
33. Ochshorn-Adelson M., G. Bodner, P. Toraker, H. Albeck, A. Ho and M.J. Kreek. 1994. Effects of ethanol on human natural killer cell activity: in vitro and acute, low-dose in vivo studies. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 18:1361.
34. Kusaka Y., H. Kondou and K. Morimoto. 1992. Healthy lifestyles are associated with higher natural killer cell activity. Prev. Med. 21:602.