Emotions, coping strategies, and performance: A conceptual framework for defining affect-related performance zones

Military Psychology

Volumn 20, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2008, Pages

  Tenenbaum, Gershon ^a   Edmonds, William A ^b   Eccles, David W ^a  

^a FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Southeastern University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 41849112675     PISSN: 08995605     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08995600701804772     Document Type: Article

References (108)

1. Annesi, J. J. (1998). Applications of the Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning model for the multi-model treatment of precompetitive anxiety. The Sport Psychologist, 12, 300-316.
2. Apter, M. J. (1982). The experience of motivation: The theory of psychological reversals. London: Academic Press.
3. Arnold, M. B. (1960). Emotion and personality (Vols. 1-2). New York: Columbia University Press.
4. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
5. Bar-Eli, M., & Tenenbaum, G. (1989). A theory of individual psychological crisis in competitive sport. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 38, 107-120.
6. Baumeister, R. F. (1984). Choking under pressure: Self-consciousness and paradoxical effects on incentives on skillful performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1447-1457.
7. Baumeister, R. F., & Showers, C. J. (1986). A review of paradoxical performance effects: Choking underpressure in sports and mental tests. European Journal of Social Psychology, 16, 363-383.
8. Beilock, S. L., & Carr, T. H. (2001). On the fragility of skilled performance: What governs choking underpressure? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 701-725.
9. Berridge, K. C., & Winkielman, P. (2003). What is an unconscious emotion? (The case for unconscious "liking"). Cognition and Emotion, 17, 181-211.
10. Brookhaus, K. A., & Waard, D. D. (1993). The use of psychophysiology to assess driver status. Ergonomics, 36, 1099-1110.
11. Callow, N., Hardy, L., & Hall, C. (2001). The effects of a motivational general-mastery imagery inter-vention on the sport confidence of high-level badminton players. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 72, 389-400.
12. Church, R. (1962). The effects of competition, on reaction, time and palmer skin conductance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 65, 32-40.
13. Cohen, A. B., Tenenbaum, G., & English, R. W. (2006). Emotions and golf performance: An IZOF-based applied sport psychology case study. Journal of Behavioral Modification, 30, 259-280.
14. Cottrell, N. B., Rittle, R. H., & Wack, D. L. (1967). The presence of audience and list type (competitional or non-competitional) as joint determiners of performance in paired associate learning. Journal of Personality, 35, 425-434.
15. Crocker, P. R. E. (1992). Managing stress by competitive athletes: Ways of coping. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 23, 161-175.
16. Dagrou, E., Gauvin, L., & Halliwell, W. (1992). Effets du langage positif, negatif, et neutre sur la performance motrice [Effects of positive, negative, and neutral self-talk on motor performance]. Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences, 17, 145-147.
17. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press.
18. Deeny, S., Hillman, C. H., Janelle, C. M., & Hatfield, B. (2003). Cortico-cortical communication and superior performance in skilled marksman: An EE coherence analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25, 188-204.
19. Deffenbactor, J. L. (1978). Worry, emotionality, and task-generated interference in test anxiety: An empirical test of attentional theory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 32, 669-673.
20. Driskell, J. E., Johnston, J. H., & Salas, E. (2001). Does stress training generalize to novel settings. Human Factors, 43, 99-110.
21. Edmonds, W. A., Mann, D. T. Y., Tenenbaum, G., & Janelle, C. (2006). Analysis of affect-related performance zones: An idiographic approach using physiological and introspective data. The Sport Psychologist, 20, 40-57.
22. Ellis, A. (1977). The basic clinical theory of rational-emotive therapy. In A. Ellis & R. Grieger (Eds.), Handbook of rational-emotive therapy (pp. 3-34). New York: Springer.
23. Endsley, M. R., & Garland, D. G. (Eds.). (2000). Situation awareness analysis and measurement. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
24. Ericsson, K. A., & Charness, N. (1994). Expert performance: Its structure and acquisition. American Psychologist, 49, 725-747.
25. Feltz, D. L., & Riessinger, C. A. (1990). Effects of in vivo imagery and performance feedback on self-efficacy and muscular endurance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 12, 132-143.
26. Pitts, P. M., & Posner, M. I. (1967). Human Performance. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
27. Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 150-170.
28. Forgas, J. P. (1995). Mood and judgment: The affect in fusion model (AIM). Psychological Review, 17, 39-66.
29. Golden, A., Tenenbaum, G. & Kamata, A. (2004). Performance zones: Affect-related performance zones: An idiographic method linking affect to performance. International Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 2, 24-42.
30. Gould, D. (1993a). Goal setting for peak performance. In J. Williams (Ed.), Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance (2nd ed., pp. 158-169). Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield.
31. Gould, D. (1993b). Intensive sport participation and the prepubescent athlete: Competitive stress and burnout. In B. R. Cahill & A.J. Pearl (Eds.), Intensive sports participation in children's sport (pp. 19-38). Champaign, IL: Human. Kinetics.
32. Gould, D., & Tuffy, S. (1996). Zones of Optimal Functioning research: A review and critique. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 9, 53-68.
33. Gould, D., & Udry, E. (1994). Psychological skills for enhancing performance: Arousal regulation strategies. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26, 478-485.
34. Hall, C. R. (2001). Imagery in sport and exercise. In R. N. Singer, H. A. Hausenblas, & C. M. Janelle (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (2nd ed., pp. 529-549). New York: Wiley.
35. Hall, C. R., Mack, D., Paivio, A., & Hausenblas, H. (1998). Imagery use by athletes: Development of the Sport Imagery Questionnaire. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 29, 73-89.
36. Hanin, Y. L. (1978). A study of anxiety in sports. In W. F. Straub (Ed.), Sport psychology: An analysis of athlete, behavior (pp. 236-249). Ithaca, NY: Mouvement.
37. Hanin, Y. L. (2000). An individualized approach to emotion in sport. In Y. L. Hanin (Ed.), Emotions in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
38. Hanin, Y. L., & Stambulova, N. B. (2002). Metaphoric description of performance states: An application of the IZOF model. The Sport Psychologist, 18, 396-415.
39. Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (1999). The acquisition and development of cognitive skills and strategies: I. Making the butterflies fly in formation. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 1-21.
40. Hardy, L., & Fazey, J. (1987). The inverted-U hypothesis: A catastrophe for sport psychology? Paper presented at the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity annual conference, Vancouver, Canada.
41. Hardy, J., Gammage, K., & Hall, C. R. (2001 June). A description of athlete self-talk. The Sport Psychologist, 15, 306-318.
42. Hardy, J., Hall, C. R., & Hardy, L. (2005). Quantifying athletes' self-talk. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23, 905-917.
43. Hardy, J., Hall, C. R., & Hardy, L. (2004b). A. note on athletes' use of self-talk. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16, 251-257.
44. Hardy, L., Jones, G., & Gould, D. (1996). Understanding psychological preparation for sport: Theory and practice of elite performers. Chichester, England: Wiley.
45. Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Theodorakis, Y., & Zourbanos, N. (2004). Self-talk in the swimming pool: The effects of self-talk on thought content and performance on water-polo tasks. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16, 138-150.
46. Hector, J. E., & Kaczor, L. M. (1988). Application of imagery theory to sport psychology: Some preliminary findings. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10, 363-373.
47. Hull, C. L. (1943). Principles of behavior. New York: Appleton.
48. Jackson, R. C., & Baker, J. S. (2001). Routines, rituals, and rugby: Case study of a world class goal kicker. The Sport Psychologist, 15, 48-65.
49. Jackson, S. A., & Marsh, H. W. (1996). Development and validation of a scale to measure optimal experience: The Flow State Scale. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18, 17-35.
50. Johnson, M., Edmonds, W. A., Tenenbaum, G., & Kamata, A. (2007). The relationship between affects and performance in competitive intercollegiate tennis: A dynamic conceptualization and application. Journal of Clinical Sports Psychology.
51. Jokela, M., & Hanin, Y. L. (1999). Does the Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning model discriminate between successful and less successful athletes? A meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17, 873-887.
52. Jones, M. V. (2003). Controlling emotions in sport. The. Sport Psychologist, 17, 471-486.
53. Kamata, A., Tenenbaum, G., & Hanin, Y. L. (2002). Individual zone of optimal functioning (IZOF): A probabilistic estimation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 24, 189-208.
54. Kerr, J. H. (1997). Motivation and emotion in sport: Reversal theory. London, England: Psychological Press.
55. Kihlstrom, J. F., Mulvaney, S., Tobias, B. A., & Tobis, I. P. (2000). The emotional unconscious. In E. Eich (Ed.), Cognition and emotion. New York: Oxford University Press.
56. Kosslyn, S. M., Seger, C., Pani, J. R., & Hillger, L. A. (1990). When is imagery used in everyday life? A diary study. Journal of Mental Imagery, 14, 131-152.
57. Lacey, J. I., & Lacey, B. C (1958). Verification and extension of the principle of autonomic response-stereotype. American Journal of Psychology, 71, 50-73.
58. Langer, E., & Imber, G. (1979). When practice makes perfect: Debilitating effects of overlearning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 2014-2024.
59. Lazarus, R. L. (1994). Appraisal: The long and the short of it. In P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 181-234). New York: Oxford University Press.
60. Lazarus, R. L. (2000). Cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotion. In Y. L. Hanin (Ed.), Emotions in sport (pp. 39-63). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
61. Lazarus, R. L., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress appraisal and coping. New York: Springer.
62. Ledoux, J. E. (1995). Emotion: Clues from, the brain. Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 209-235.
63. Lewis, B., & Linder, G. (1997). Thinking about choking? Attentional processes and paradoxical performance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 937-944.
64. Madden, C. C., Kirkby, R. J., & McDonald, D. (1989). Coping styles of competitive middle distance runners. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 20, 287-296.
65. Madden, C. C., Summers, J. J., & Brown, D. F. (1990). The influence of perceived stressing coping with competitive basketball. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 20, 287-296.
66. Mahoney, M. J., Gabriel, T. J., & Perkins, T. S. (1987). Psychological skills and exceptional athletic performance. The Sport Psychologist, 1, 181-199.
67. Martens, R., Burton, D., Vealey, R., Bump, L., & Smith, D. (1990). The development of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2). In R. Martens, R. S. Vealey, & D. Burton (Eds.), Competitive anxiety in sport (pp. 117-190). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
68. Martin, K. A., & Hall, C. R. (1995). Using mental imagery to enhance intrinsic motivation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17, 54-69.
69. Masters, R. S. (1992). Knowledge, nerves, and know-how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of complex motor skill under pressure. British Journal of Psychology, 83, 343-358.
70. Mills, K. D., Monroe, K. J., & Hall, C. R. (2000). The relationship between imagery and self-efficacy in competitive athletes. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 20, 33-39.
71. Moleiro, M. A., & Cid, F. V. (2001). Effects of biofeedback training on voluntary heart rate control during dynamic exercise. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 26, 279-292.
72. Moritz, S., Hall, C., Martin, K., & Vadocz, E. (1996). What are confident athletes imagining? An examination of image content. The Sport Psychologist, 10, 171-179.
73. Murphy, S. M. (1994). Imagery interventions in sport. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26, 486-494.
74. Nicholls, J. (1984). Achievement motivation: Conceptions of ability, subjective experience, task choice, and performance. Psychological Review, 91, 328-346.
75. Nitsch, J. R. (1982). Handlungspsychologische ansaetze im sport. In A. Thomas (Ed.), Sportpsychlogie ein handbuch in schluesselbergiffen (pp. 26-41). München: Urban and Schwarzenberg.
76. Nitsch, J. R., & Allmer, H. (1979). Naïve psychoregulative techniton der Selbstbeeinflussung im. sport. Sportwissenschaft, 9, 143-163.
77. Orlick, T., & Partington, J. (1988). Mental links to excellence. The Sport Psychologist, 2, 105-130.
78. Paivio, A. (1985). Cognitive and motivational functions of imagery in human performance. Canadian Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 10, 22-28.
79. Parfitt, G., Hardy, L., & Pates, J. (1995). Somatic anxiety and physiological arousal: Their effects upon a high anaerobic, low memory demand task. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 26, 196-213.
80. Pons, D., Balaguer, I., & Garcia-Merita, M. L. (200.1). Is the breadth of individual ranges of optimal anxiety (IZOF) equal for all athletes? A. graphical method for establishing IZOF. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 4, 3-10.
81. Raedeke, T., & Stein, G. (1994). Felt arousal, thoughts/feelings, and ski performance. The Sport Psychologist, 8, 360-375.
82. Raglin, J. S., & Hanin, Y. L. (2000). Competitive anxiety. In Y. L. Hanin (Ed.), Emotions in sport (pp. 93-11.1). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
83. Robazza, C., & Bortoli, L. (2003). Intensity, idiosyncratic content and functional impact of performance-related emotions in athletes. Journal of Sport Sciences, 21, 171-189.
84. Robazza, C., Bortoli, L., Zadro, I., & Nougier, V. (1998). Emotions in. track and field athletes: A test of the Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning model. European Yearbook of Sport Psychology, 2, 94-123.
85. Schachter, S. (1964). The interaction of cognitive and physiological determinants of emotional state. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 49-80). New York: Academic Press.
86. Schmidt, R. A., & Lee, T. D. (1999). Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
87. Siniatchkin, M., Kropp, P., & Gerber, W. (2000). Neurofeedback: The significance of reinforcement and the search for an appropriate strategy for the success of self-regulation. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 25, 167-175.
88. Smith, R. E. (1996). Performance anxiety, cognitive interference, and concentration enhancement strategies in sports. In I. G. Sarason, G. R. Pierce, & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Cognitive interference: Theories, methods, and findings (pp. 261-284). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
89. Starkes, J., & Ericsson, K. A. (2003). Expert performance in sports. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
90. Tenenbaum, G. (2003). An integrated approach to decision-making in sport. In J. Starkes & A. K. Ericsson (Eds.), Expert performance in sports (pp. 191-218). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
91. Tenenbaum, G., & Bar-Eli, M. (1993). Decision making in sport. In R. N. Singer, M. Murphey, & L. K. Tennant (Eds.), Handbook on research in sport psychology (pp.171-192). New York: Macmillan.
92. Tenenbaum, G., & Bar-Eli, M. (1995a). Contemporary issues and future directions in exercise and sport psychology. In S. J. H. Biddle (Ed.), Exercise and sport psychology: A European perspective (pp. 292-323). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
93. Tenenbaum, G., & Bar-Eli, M. (1995b). Personality and intellectual capabilities in sport psychology. In D. Saklufske and M. Zeidner (Eds.), International handbook on personality and intelligence (pp. 687-710). New York: Plenum.
94. Vadocz, E. A., Hall, C. R., & Moritz, S. E. (1997). The relationship between competitive anxiety and imagery use. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 9, 241-253.
95. Vallerand, R. J. (1987). Antecedent of self-rated affect in sport: Preliminary evidence on the intuitive-reflective appraisal model. Journal of Sport Psychology, 9, 161-182.
96. Vallerand, R. J., & Blanchard, C. M. (2000). The study of emotion in sport and exercise. In Y. L. Hanin (Ed.), Emotions in sport (pp. 3-37). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
97. Vallerand, R. J., & Reid, G. (1988). On the relative effects of positive and negative verbal feedback on males and females' intrinsic motivation. Canadian Journal of Behavioral. Sciences, 20, 239-250.
98. Van Raalte, J. L., Brewer, B. W., Lewis, B. P., Linder, D. E., Wildman, G., & Kozimar, J. (1995). Cork! The effects of positive and negative self-talk on dart throwing performance. Journal of Sport Behavior, 18, 50-57.
99. Van Raalte, J. L., Brewer, B. W., Rivera, P. M., & Petitpas, A. J. (1994). The relationship between observable self-talk and competitive junior tennis players' match performance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16, 400-415.
100. Vera, M. N., Vila, J., & Godoy, J. F. (1994). Cardiovascular effects of traffic noise: The role of negative self-statements. Psychological Medicine, 24, 817-827.
101. Wallenius, C., Larsson, G., & Johansson, C. R. (2004). Military observers' reactions and performance when facing danger. Military Psychology, 16, 211-229.
102. Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 219-235.
103. White, A., & Hardy, L. (1998). Use of different imagery perspectives on the learning and performance of different motor skills. British Journal of Psychology, 86, 169-180.
104. Wiener, E. L., Curry, R. E., & Faustina, M. L. (1984). Vigilance and task load: In search of the inverted U. Human Factors, 26, 215-222.
105. Yertos, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology of Psychology, 18, 459-482.
106. Zaichowsky, L. D., & Baltzell, A. (2001). Arousal and performance. In R. Singer, H. Hausenblas, & C Janelle (Eds.). Handbook of sport psychology (pp. 362-386). New York: Wiley.
107. Zajonc, R. B. (1965). Social facilitation. Science, 149, 269-274.
108. Zimmerman, B. J., & Kitsantas, A. (1996). Self-regulated learning of motoric skill: The role of goal setting and self-monitoring. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 8, 60-75.