A descriptive study of athlete self-talk

Sport Psychologist

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 306-318

  Hardy, James ^a   Gammage, Kimberley ^a   Hall, Craig ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035648909     PISSN: 08884781     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1123/tsp.15.3.306     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. nd ed., pp. 225-242). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield.
2. Côté, J., Salmela, J.H., Baria, A., & Russell, S.J., (1993). Organizing and interpreting unstructured qualitative data. The Sport Psychologist, 7, 127-137.
3. Côté, J., Salmela, J.H., & Russell, S.J., (1995). The knowledge of high-performance gymnastic coaches: Methodoloical framework. The Sport Psychologist, 9, 65-75.
4. Dagrou, E., Gauvin, L., & Halliwell, W. (1992). Effets du langage positif, négatif, et neuter sur la performance motrice [Effects of positive, negative, and neutral self-talk on motor performance]. Canadian Journal of Sports Sciences, 17, 145-147.
5. Dagrou, E., Gauvin, L., & Halliwell, W. (1991). La préparation mentale des athletes invoiriens: Practiques courantes et perspectives de recherche. [Mental preparation of Ivory Coast athletes: Current practices and research perspectives.] International Journal of Sport Psychology, 22, 15-34.
6. Diaz, R.M. (1992). Methodological concerns in the study of private speech. In R.M. Diaz & L.E. Berk (Eds.), Private speech: From social interaction to self-regulation (pp. 51-81). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
7. Duncan, R.M., & Cheyne, J.A. (1999). Incidence and functions of self-reported private speech in young adults: A self-verbalization questionnaire. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 31, 133-136.
8. Gammage, K.L., Hardy, J., & Hall, C.R. (in press). A description of self-talk in exercise. Psychology of Sport & Exercise.
9. Goudena, P.P. (1992). The problem of abbreviation and internalization of private speech. In R.M. Diaz & L.E. Berk (Eds.), Private speech: From social interaction to self-regulation (pp. 215-223). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
10. Gould, D., Hodge, K., Peterson, K., & Giannini, J. (1989). An exploratory examination of strategies used by elite athletes coaches to enhance self-efficacy in athletes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 11, 128-140.
11. Hackfort, D., & Schwenkmezger, P. (1993). Anxiety. In R.N. Singer, M. Murphey & L.K. Tennant (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Sport Psychology (pp. 328-364). New York: Macmillan.
12. nd ed., pp. 529-549). New York: John Wiley.
13. Hall, C.R., Mack, D.E., Paivio, A., & Hausenblas, H.A. (1998). Imagery use by athletes: Development of the Sport Imagery Questionnaire. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 23, 1-17.
14. Hardy, L. (1997). Three myths about applied consultancy work. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 9, 277-294.
15. Hardy, L., Jones, G., & Gould, D. (1996). Understanding psychological preparation for sport: Theory and practice of elite performers. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
16. Highlen, P.S., & Bennett, B.B. (1983). Elite divers and wrestlers: A comparison between open- and closed-skill athletes. Journal of Sport Psychology, 5, 390-409.
17. rd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
18. Landin, D. (1994). The role of verbal cues in skill learning. Quest, 46, 299-313.
19. Landin, D., & Hebert, E.P. (1999). The influence of self-talk on the performance of skilled female tennis players. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11, 263-282.
20. Mahoney, M.J., & Avener, M. (1977). Psychology of the elite athlete: An exploratory study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 6, 225-342.
21. Mallet, C.J., & Hanrahan, S.J. (1997). Race modeling: An effective strategy for the 100m sprinter? The Sport Psychologist, 11, 72-85.
22. Martin, K.A., Moritz, S.E., & Hall, C.R. (1999). Imagery use in sport: A literature review and applied model. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 245-268.
23. Ming, S., & Martin, G.L. (1996). Single-subject evaluation of a self-talk package for improving figure skating performance. The Sport Psychologist, 10, 227-238.
24. Miles, M.B., & Huberman, A.M. (1990). Qualitative data analysis: A sourcebook of new methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
25. Munroe, K.J., Giacobbi, P.R. Jr., Hall, C.R., & Weinberg, R. (2000). The four W's of imagery use: Where, when, why, and what. The Sport Psychologist, 14, 119-137.
26. Paivio, A. (1985). Cognitive and motivational functions of imagery in human performance. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Science, 10, 23s-28s.
27. Patton, M.Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
28. Rotella, R.J., Gansneder, B., Ojala, D., & Billing, J. (1980). Cognitions and coping strategies of elite skiers: An exploratory study of young developing athletes. Journal of Sport Psychology, 2, 350-354.
29. Rubenstein, S.L. (1973). Grundlagen der Allgemeinen Psychologie [Bases of General Psychology]. Berlin: Volk und Wissen.
30. Rushall, B.S. (1984). Competition thinking. In W.F. Straub and J.M. Williams (Eds.), Cognitive sport psychology, (pp. 51-62). Lansing, NY: Sport Science Associates.
31. Rushall, B.S., Hall, M., Roux, L., Sasseville, J., & Rushall, A.S. (1988). Effects of three types of thought content instructions in skiing performance. The Sport Psychologist, 2, 283-297.
32. Smith, P.J.K., & Johnston, D. (2000). A comparison of augmented verbal cues and self-talk regimes in learning a tennis volley. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 22, S101.
33. Van Raalte, J.L., Brewer, B.W., Lewis, B.P., Linder, D.E., Wildman, G., & Kozimor, J. (1995). Cork! The effects of positive and negative self-talk on dart throwing performance. Journal of Sport Behavior, 18, 50-57.
34. Van Raalte, J.L., Brewer, B.W., Rivera, P.M., & Petitpas, A.J. (1994). The relationship between observable self-talk and competitive junior tennis players' match performances. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16, 400-415.
35. White, A., & Hardy, L. (1995). Use of different imagery perspectives on the learning and performance of different motor skills. British Journal of Psychology, 86, 169-180.
36. Ziegler, S.G. (1987). Effects of stimulus cueing on the acquisition of groundstrokes by beginning tennis players. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 20, 405-411.