The thyroid gland: Recurring problems in histologic and cytologic evaluation

Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Volumn 132, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 622-632

  Faquin, William C ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASPIRATION BIOPSY; CANCER SCREENING; FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA; FROZEN SECTION; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; REVIEW; THYROID CARCINOMA; THYROID GLAND;

ADENOMA; CARCINOMA, PAPILLARY; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; HUMANS; PATHOLOGY; THYROID DISEASES; THYROID GLAND; THYROID NEOPLASMS;

EID: 41749090041     PISSN: 00039985     EISSN: 15432165     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. Stoffer RP, Welch JW, Hellwig CA, Chesky VE, McCusker EN. Nodular goiter: incidence, morphology before and after iodine prophylaxis, and clinical diagnosis. Arch Intern Med. 1960;106:10-14.
2. Klonoff DC, Greenspan FS. The thyroid nodule. Adv Intern Med. 1982;27:101-126.
3. Vander JB, Gaston EA, Dawber TR. The significance of nontoxic thyroid nodules: final report of a 15-year study of the incidence of thyroid malignancy. Ann Intern Med. 1968;69:537-540.
4. Ezat S, Sarti DA, Cain DR, Braunstein GD. Thyroid incidentalomas: prevalence by palpation and ultrasonagraphy. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:1838-1840.
5. Christensen SB, Ericsson UB, Janzon L, Tibblin S, Trell E. The prevalence of thyroid disorders in a middle-aged female population, with special reference to the solitary thyroid nodule. Acta Chir Scand. 1984;150:13-19.
6. Rojeski MT, Gharib H. Nodular thyroid disease: evaluation and management. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:428-436.
7. DeLellis RA, Lloyd RV, Heitz PU, Eng C. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Endocrine Organs. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2004. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours.
8. Belfiore A, Rosa GL, Giuffrida D, et al. The management of thyroid nodules. J Endocrinol Invest. 1995;18:155-158.
9. Stewart BW, Kleihues P. World Cancer Report Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2003.
10. Rosai J, Carcangiu ML, DeLellis RA. Tumors of the Thyroid Gland. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; 1992. Atlas of Tumor Pathology; 3rd series, fascicle 5.
11. LiVolsi VA. Surgical pathology of the thyroid. In: Bennington JL, ed. Major Problems in Pathology. Vol 22. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 1990.
12. Thompson LDR. Endocrine Pathology. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Inc; 2006.
13. Jorda M, Gonzalez-Campora R, Mora J, Herrero-Zapatero A, Otal C, Galera H. Prognostic factors in follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1993;117:631-635.
14. Flynn SD, Forman BH, Stewart AF, Kinder BK. Poorly differentiated ("insular") carcinoma of the thyroid gland: an aggressive subset of differentiated thyroid neoplasms. Surgery. 1988;104:963-970.
15. Nishida T, Katayama S, Tsujimoto M, Nakamura J, Matsuda H. Clinico-pathological significance of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1999;23:205-211.
16. Randolph GW. Follicular Carcinoma of the Thyroid. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 2003.
17. Shaha AR, Loree TR, Shah JP. Prognostic factors and risk group analysis in follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. Surgery. 1995;118:1131-1136.
18. Thomas GA, Williams D, Williams ED. The clonal origin of thyroid nodules and adenomas. Am J Pathol. 1989;134:141-147.
19. Chung DH, Kang GH, Kim WH, Ro JY. Clonal analysis of a solitary follicular nodule of the thyroid with the polymerase chain reaction method. Mod Pathol. 1999;12:265-271.
20. Krohn K, Paschke R. Somatic mutations in thyroid nodular disease. Mol Genet Metab. 2002;75:202-208.
21. Apel RL, Ezzat S, Bapat BV, Pan N, LiVolsi VA, Asa SL. Clonality of thyroid nodules in sporadic goiter. Diagn Mol Pathol. 1995;4:113-121.
22. Mendelsohn G. Signet-cell-simulating microfollicular adenoma of the thyroid. Am J Surg Pathol. 1984;8:705-708.
23. Alsop JE, Yerbury PJ, O'Donnell PJ, Heyderman E. Signet-ring cell micro-follicular adenoma arising in a nodular ectopic thyroid: a case report. J Oral Pathol. 1986;15:518-519.
24. Carcangiu JL, Sibley RK, Rosai J. Clear cell change in primary thyroid tumors: a study of 38 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1985;9:705-722.
25. Mai KT, Landry DC, Thomas J, et al. Follicular adenoma with papillary architecture: a lesion mimicking papillary thyroid carcinoma. Histopathology. 2001;39:25-32.
26. Carcangiu ML. Minimally invasive follicular carcinoma. Endocr Pathol. 1997;8:231-234.
27. Thompson LDR, Wieneke JA, Paal E, Frommelt RA, Adair CF, Heffess CS. A clinicopathologic study of minimally invasive follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland with a review of the English literature. Cancer. 2001;91:505-524.
28. Shaha AR, Shah JP, Loree TR. Differentiated thyroid cancer presenting initially with distant metastasis. Am J Surg. 1997;174:474-476.
29. van Heerden JA, Hay ID, Goellner JR, et al. Follicular thyroid carcinoma with capsular invasion alone: a nonthreatening malignancy. Surgery. 1992;112:1130-1138.
30. Furlan JC, Bedard YC, Rosen IB. Clinicopathologic significance of histologic vascular invasion in papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas. J Am Coll Surg. 2004;198:341-348.
31. LiVolsi VA, Baloch ZW. Follicular neoplasms of the thyroid: view, biases, and experiences. Adv Anat Pathol. 2004;11:279-287.
32. The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Taskforce. Management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2006;16:1-33.
33. Gharib H, Goellner JR. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid: an appraisal [see comments]. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118:282-289.
34. Clark D, Faquin WC. Thyroid Cytopathology. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2004.
35. Gharib H. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules: advantages, limitations, and effect. Mayo Clin Proc. 1994;69:44-49.
36. Gardner HA, Ducatman BS, Wang HH. Predictive value of fine needle aspiration of the thyroid in the classification of follicular lesions. Cancer. 1993;71:2598-2603.
37. Cibas ES, Ducatman BS. Cytology: Diagnostic Principles and Clinical Correlates. New York, NY: Saunders; 2003.
38. Tworek JA, Giordano TJ, Michael CW. Comparison of intraoperative cytology with frozen sections in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions. Am J Clin Pathol. 1998;110:456-461.
39. Rodriguez JM, Parrilla P, Sola J, et al. Comparison between preoperative cytology and intraoperative frozen-section biopsy in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Br J Surg. 1994;81:1151-1154.
40. Kaur A, Jayaram G. Thyroid tumors: cytomorphology of papillary carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol. 1991;7:462-468.
41. Akhtar M, Ali MA, Huq M, Bakry M. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of papillary thyroid carcinoma: cytologic, histologic, and ultrastructural correlations. Diagn Cytopathol. 1991;7:373-379.
42. Kini S. Thyroid. In: Klines T, ed. Guides to Clinical Aspiration Biopsy Series. New York, NY: Igaku-Shoin; 1996:129-223.
43. Rupp M, Ehya H. Nuclear grooves in the aspiration cytology of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Acta Cytol. 1989;33:21-26.
44. Francis IM, Das DK, Sheikh ZA, Sharma PN, Gupta SK. Role of nuclear grooves in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a quantitative assessment on fine needle aspiration smears. Acta Cytol. 1995;39:409-415.
45. Chan JK, Saw D. The grooved nucleus: a useful diagnostic criterion of papillary carcinoma of thyroid. Am J Surg Pathol. 1986;10:672-679.
46. Scopa CD, Melachrinou M, Saradopoulou C, et al. The significance of the grooved nucleus in thyroidal lesions. Mod Pathol. 1993;6:691-694.
47. Pilch BZ. Head and Neck Surgical Pathology. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001.
48. Chan JKC. Tumors of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. In: Fletcher CDM, ed. Diagnostic Histopathology of Tumors. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 2007: 1004-1005.
49. Kini SR, Miller JM, Hamburger Jl, Smith MJ. Cytopathology of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid by fine needle aspiration. Acta Cytol. 1980;24:511-521.
50. Zhang Y, Fraser JL, Wang HH. Morphologic predictors of papillary carcinoma on fine-needle aspiration of thyroid with thinlayer preparations. Diagn Cytopathol. 2001;24:378-383.
51. Miller TR, Bottles K, Holly EA, Friend NF, Abele JS. A step-wise logistic regression analysis of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Acta Cytol. 1986;30:285-293.
52. Schlumberger MJ. Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:297-306.
53. Baloch ZW, Gupta PK, Yu GH, Sack MJ, Livoisi VA. Follicular variant of papillary carcinoma: cytologic and histologic correlation. Am J Clin Pathol. 1999;111:216-222.
54. Renshaw AA, Gould EW. Why there is a tendency to "overdiagnose" the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2002;117:19-21.
55. Chan JK. Strict criteria should be applied in the diagnosis of encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2002;117:16-18.
56. Cameselle-Teijeiro J, Chan JK. Cribriform-morular variant of papillary carcinoma: a distinctive variant representing the sporadic counterpart of familial adenomatous polyposis-associated thyroid carcinoma? Mod Pathol. 1999;12:400-411.
57. Herraiz M, Barbesino G, Faquin W, et al. Prevalence of thyroid cancer in the familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome and the role of screening ultrasound examinations. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5:367-373.
58. Harach HR, Williams GT, Williams ED. Familial adenomatous polyposis associated thyroid carcinoma: a distinct type of follicular cell neoplasm. Histopathology. 1994;25:549-561.
59. Chung DC, Maher MM, Faquin WC. A 19-year-old woman with thyroid cancer and rectal bleeding. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:2349-2357.
60. Vickery AL. Thyroid papillary carcinoma: pathological and philosophical controversies. Am J Surg Pathol. 1983;7:777-807.
61. Carcangiu ML, Bianchi S. Diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: clinicopathologic study of 15 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1989;13:1041-1049.
62. LiVolsi VA. Papillary neoplasms of the thyroid: pathologic and prognostic features. Am J Clin Pathol. 1992;97:426-437.
63. Johnson TL, Lloyd RV, Thompson NW, Beierwaltes WH, Sisson JC. Prognostic implications of the tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1988;12:22-27.
64. Ostrowski ML, Merino MJ. Tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a reassessment and immunohistochemical study with comparison to the usual type of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Am J Surg Pathol. 1996;20:964-974.
65. Evans HL. Columnar-cell carcinoma of the thyroid: a report of two cases of an aggressive variant of thyroid carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 1986;85:77-80.
66. Wenig BM, Thompson LD, Adair CF, Shmookler B, Heffess CS. Thyroid papillary carcinoma of columnar cell type: a clinicopathologic study of 16 cases. Cancer. 1998;82:740-753.
67. Shaha AR, Loree TR, Shah JP. Intermediate-risk group for differentiated carcinoma of thyroid. Surgery. 1994;116:1036-1041.
68. Faquin WC, Powers CN. Aggressive forms of follicular-derived thyroid carcinoma. Pathol Case Rev. 2003;8:25-33.
69. Carcangiu ML, Zampi G, Rosai J. Poorly differentiated ("insular") thyroid carcinoma: a reinterpretation of Langhans' "wuchernde Struma." Am J Surg Pathol. 1984;8:655-668.
70. Sakamoto A, Kasai N, Sugano H. Poorly differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. Cancer. 1983;52:1849-1855.
71. Sobrinho-Simoes M. Poorly differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid. Endocr Pathol. 1996;7:99-102.
72. Papotti M, Micca FB, Favero A, Palestini N, Bussolati G. Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas with primordial cell component. Am J Surg Pathol. 1993;17:291-301.