Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 338, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 297-306

  Schlumberger, Martin Jean ^a  

^a INSTITUT GUSTAVE ROUSSY   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IODINE; IODINE 131; THYROGLOBULIN; THYROXINE;

ASPIRATION BIOPSY; CANCER STAGING; ECHOGRAPHY; GENETIC DISORDER; HUMAN; IRRADIATION; MALE INFERTILITY; METASTASIS; NAUSEA; ONCOGENE; PANCYTOPENIA; POINT MUTATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIALOADENITIS; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; THYROGLOBULIN BLOOD LEVEL; THYROID CARCINOMA; THYROID SCINTISCANNING; THYROIDECTOMY; WHOLE BODY SCINTISCANNING;

CARCINOMA, PAPILLARY, FOLLICULAR; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; HUMANS; IODINE RADIOISOTOPES; NEOPLASM RECURRENCE, LOCAL; NEOPLASM STAGING; PROGNOSIS; THYROID NEOPLASMS;

EID: 0032576677     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199801293380506     Document Type: Review

References (93)

1. Singer PA, Cooper DS, Daniels GH, et al. Treatment guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:2165-72.
2. AACE clinical practice guidelines for the management of thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Pract 1997;3:60-71.
3. Solomon BL, Wartofsky L, Burman KD. Current trends in the management of well differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:333-9.
4. Parkin DM, Muir CS, Whelan SL, Gao YT, Ferlay J, Powell J. Cancer incidence in five continents. Vol. 6. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1992. (IARC scientific publications no. 120.)
5. Fagin JA. Molecular pathogenesis. In: Braverman LE, Utiger RD, eds. Werner and Ingbar's the thyroid: a fundamental and clinical text. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1996:909-16.
6. Fusco A, Grieco M, Santoro M, et al. A new oncogene in human thyroid papillary carcinomas and their lymph-nodal metastases. Nature 1987; 328:170-2.
7. Santoro M, Carlomagno F, Hay ID, et al. Ret oncogene activation in human thyroid neoplasms is restricted to the papillary cancer subtype. J Clin Invest 1992;89:1517-22.
8. Bongarzone I, Fugazzola L, Vigneri P, et al. Age-related activation of the tyrosine kinase receptor protooncogenes RET and NTRK1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:2006-9.
9. TPC) in papillary thyroid carcinomas from Saudi Arabia. Cancer 1994;73:176-80.
10. Fugazzola L, Pilotti S, Pinchera A, et al. Oncogenic rearrangements of the RET proto-oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinomas from children exposed to the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Cancer Res 1995;55:5617-20.
11. Klugbauer S, Lengfelder E, Demidchik EP, Rabes HM. High prevalence of RET rearrangement in thyroid tumors of children from Belarus after the Chernobyl reactor accident. Oncogene 1995;11:2459-67.
12. Nikiforov YE, Rowland JM, Bove KE, Monforte-Munoz H, Fagin JA. Distinct pattern of ret oncogene rearrangements in morphological variants of radiation-induced and sporadic thyroid papillary carcinomas in children. Cancer Res 1997;57:1690-4.
13. Bounacer A, Wicker R, Caillou B, et al. High prevalence of activating RET proto-oncogene rearrangements in thyroid tumors from patients who had received external radiation. Oncogene 1997;15:1263-73.
14. Challeton C, Bounacer A, Du Villard JA, et al. Pattern of ras and gsp oncogene mutations in radiation-associated human thyroid tumors. Oncogene 1995;11:601-3.
15. Russo D, Arturi F, Schlumberger M, et al. Activating mutations of the TSH receptor in differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Oncogene 1995;11: 1907-11.
16. Fagin JA, Matsuo K, Karmakar A, Chen DL, Tang SH, Koeffler HP, High prevalence of mutations of the p53 gene in poorly differentiated human thyroid carcinomas. J Clin Invest 1993;91:179-84.
17. Ito T, Seyama T, Mizuno T, et al. Unique association of p53 mutations with undifferentiated but not with differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid gland. Cancer Res 1992;52-1369-71.
18. Shore RE. Issues and epidemiological evidence regarding radiation-induced thyroid cancer. Radiat Res 1992;131:98-111.
19. Ron E, Lubin JH, Shore RE, et al. Thyroid cancer after exposure to external radiation: a pooled analysis of seven studies. Radiat Res 1995;141: 259-77.
20. Schneider AB, Ron E. Pathogenesis. In: Braverman LE, Utiger RD, eds. Werner and Ingbar's the thyroid: a fundamental and clinical text. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1996:902-9.
21. Dobyns BM, Hyrmer BA. The surgical management of benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms in Marshall Islanders exposed to hydrogen bomb fallout. World J Surg 1992;16:126-40.
22. Kazakov VS, Demidchik EP, Astakhova LN. Thyroid cancer after Chernobyl. Nature 1992;359:21.
23. Franceschi S, Boyle P, Maisonneuve P, et al. The epidemiology of thyroid carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncog 1993;4:25-52.
24. Goldgar DE, Easton DF, Cannon-Albright LA, Skolnick MH. Systematic population-based assessment of cancer risk in first-degree relatives of cancer probands. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994;86:1600-8.
25. Hedinger C, Williams ED, Sobin LH. Histological typing of thyroid tumours. 2nd ed. No. 11 of International histological classification of tumours. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1988.
26. Rosai J, Carcangiu ML, Delellis RA. Tumors of the thyroid gland. In: Atlas of tumor pathology. 3rd series. Fascicle 5. Washington, D.C.: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1992.
27. Mazzaferri EL. Management of a solitary thyroid nodule. N Engl J Med 1993;328:553-9.
28. Byar DP, Green SB, Dor P, et al. A prognostic index for thyroid carcinoma: a study of the EORTC Thyroid Cancer Cooperative Group. Eur J Cancer 1979;15:1033-41.
29. Cady B, Rossi R. An expanded view of risk-group definition in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Surgery 1988;104:947-53.
30. DeGroot LJ, Kaplan EL, McCormick M, Straus FH. Natural history, treatment, and course of papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;71:414-24.
31. Hay ID, Bergstralh EJ, Goellner JR, Ebersold JR, Grant CS. Predicting outcome in papillary thyroid carcinoma: development of a reliable prognostic scoring system in a cohort of 1779 patients surgically treated at one institution during 1940 through 1989. Surgery 1993;114:1050-8.
32. Hay ID, Grant CS, Taylor WF, McConahey WM. Ipsilateral lobectomy versus bilateral lobar resection in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of surgical outcome using a novel prognostic scoring system. Surgery 1987;102:1088-95.
33. Thyroid gland. In: Hermanek P, Sobin LH, eds. TNM classification of malignant tumors. 4th ed. 2nd rev. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1992:35-7.
34. Brierley JD, Panzarella T, Tsang RW, Gospodarowicz MK, O'Sullivan B. A comparison of different staging systems predictability of patient outcome: thyroid carcinoma as an example. Cancer 1997;79:2414-23.
35. Mazzaferri EL, Jhiang SM. Long-term impact of initial surgical and medical therapy on papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. Am J Med 1994; 97:418-28. [Erratum, Am J Med 1995;98:215.]
36. Samaan NA, Schultz PN, Hickey RC, et al. The results of various modalities of treatment of well differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective review of 1599 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;75:714-20.
37. Simpson WJ, Panzarella T, Carruthers JS, Gospodarowicz MK, Sutclifte SB. Papillary and fbllicular thyroid cancer: impact of treatment in 1578 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1988;14:1063-75.
38. Tubiana M, Schlumberger M, Rougier P, et al. Long-term results and prognostic factors in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 1985;55:794-804.
39. Schlumberger M, De Vathaire F, Travagli JP, et al. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma in childhood: long term follow-up of 72 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987;65:1088-94.
40. Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Klein MJ, Smith TH, et al. Pulmonary metastases in children and young adults with differentiated thyroid cancer. Cancer 1993;71:1348-52.
41. Sakamoto A, Kasai N, Sugano H. Poorly differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid: a clinicopathologic entity for a high-risk group of papillary and fbllicular carcinomas. Cancer 1983;52:1849-55.
42. Hay ID, Grant CS, Van Heerden JA, Goellner JR, Ebersold JR, Bergstralh EJ. Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a study of 535 cases observed in a 50-year period. Surgery 1992;112:1139-46.
43. Demeure MJ, Clark OH. Surgery in the treatment of thyroid cancer. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1990;19:663-83.
44. Katoh R, Sasaki J, Kurihara H, Suzuki K, Iida Y, Kawaoi A. Multiple thyroid involvement (intraglandular metastasis) in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of 105 consecutive patients. Cancer 1992; 70:1585-90.
45. Russell WO, Ibanez ML, Clark RL, White EC. Thyroid carcinoma: Classification, intraglandular dissemination, and clinicopathological study based upon whole organ sections of 80 glands. Cancer 1963;16:1425-60.
46. Grebe SKG, Hay ID. Thyroid cancer nodal metastases: biologic significance and therapeutic considerations. Surg Oncol Clin North Am 1996; 5:43-63.
47. Sherman SI, Tielens ET, Sostre S, Wharam MD Jr, Ladenson PW. Clinical utility of posttreatment radioiodine scans in the management of patients with thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;78:629-34.
48. Tenenbaum F, Corone C, Schlumberger M, Parmentier C. Thyroglobulin measurement and postablative iodine-131 total body scan after total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma in patients with no evidence of disease. Eur J Cancer 1996;32A:1262.
49. Maxon HR III, Smith HS. Radioiodine-131 in the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic well differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1990;19:685-718.
50. Maxon HR III, Englaro EE, Thomas SR, et al. Radioiodine-131 therapy for well-differentiated thyroid cancer - a quantitative radiation dosimetric approach: outcome and validation in 85 patients. J Nucl Med 1992; 33:1132-6.
51. Tubiana M, Haddad E, Schlumberger M, Hill C, Rougier P, Sarrazin D. External radiotherapy in thyroid cancers. Cancer 1985;55:Suppl:2062-71.
52. Bartalena L, Martino E, Pacchiarotti A, et al. Factors affecting suppression of endogenous thyrotropin secretion by thyroxine treatment: retrospective analysis in athyreotic and goitrous patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987;64:849-55.
53. Marcocci C, Golia F, Bruno-Bossio G, Vignali E, Pinchera A. Carefully monitored levothyroxine suppressive therapy is not associated with bone loss in premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;78:818-23.
54. Pacini F, Fugazzola L, Lippi F, et al. Detection of thyroglobulin in fine needle aspirates of nonthyroidal neck masses: a clue to the diagnosis of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;74: 1401-4.
55. Schlumberger M, Challeton C, De Vathaire F, et al. Radioactive iodine treatment and external radiotherapy for lung and bone metastases from thyroid carcinoma. J Nucl Med 1996;37:598-605.
56. Van Herle AJ, Uller RP, Matthews NI, Brown J. Radioimmunoassay for measurement of thyroglobulin in human serum. J Clin Invest 1973;52: 1320-7.
57. Schlumberger M. Follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. In: Johnson JT, Didolkar MS, eds. Head and neck cancer. Vol. 3. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1993:903-10.
58. Mariotti S, Barbesino G, Caturegli P, et al. Assay of thyroglobulin in serum with thyroglobulin autoantibodies: an unobtainable goal? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:468-72.
59. Schlumberger M, Charbord P, Fragu P, Lumbroso J, Parmentier C, Tubiana M. Circulating thyroglobulin and thyroid hormones in patients with metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: relationship to serum thyrotropin levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980;51:513-9.
60. Schneider AB, Line BR, Goldman JM, Robbins J. Sequential serum thyroglobulin determinations, 1311 scans, and 1311 uptakes after triiodo-thyronine withdrawal in patients with thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981;53:1199-206.
61. Schlumberger M, Fragu P, Parmentier C, Tubiana M. Thyroglobulin assay in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas: comparison of its value in patients with or without normal residual tissue. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1981;98:215-21.
62. Ozata M, Suzuki S, Miyamoto T, Liu RT, Fierro-Renoy F, DeGroot LJ. Serum thyroglobulin in the follow-up of patients with treated differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;79:98-105.
63. Ashcraft MW, Van Herle AJ. The comparative value of serum thyroglobulin measurements and iodine 131 total body scans in the follow-up study of patients with treated differentiated thyroid cancer. Am J Med 1981;71:806-14.
64. Pacini F, Lari R, Mazzco S, Grasso L, Taddei D, Pinchera A. Diagnostic value of a single serum thyroglobulin determination on and off thyroid suppressive therapy in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1985;23:405-11.
65. Pacini F, Lippi F, Formica N, et al. Therapeutic doses of iodine-131 reveal undiagnosed metastases in thyroid cancer patients with detectable serum thyroglobulin levels. J Nucl Med 1987;28:1888-91.
66. Schlumberger M, Arcangioli O, Piekarski JD, Tubiana M, Parmentier C. Detection and treatment of lung metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in patients with normal chest X-rays. J Nucl Med 1988;29:1790-4.
67. Pineda JD, Lee T, Ain K, Reynolds JC, Robbins J. Iodine-131 therapy for thyroid cancer patients with elevated thyroglobulin and negative diagnostic scan. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:1488-92.
68. . Mazzaferri EL. Treating high thyroglobulin with radioiodine: a magic bullet or a shot in the dark? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:1485-7.
69. Goldman JM, Line BR, Aamodt RL, Robbins J. Influence of triiodo-thyronine withdrawal time on 131I uptake postthyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980;50:734-9.
70. Guimaraes V, DeGroot LJ. Moderate hypothyroidism in preparation for whole body 131I scintiscans and thyroglobulin testing. Thyroid 1996; 6:69-73.
71. Ladenson PW, Braverman LE, Mazzaferri EL, et al. Comparison of administration of recombinant human thyrotropin with withdrawal of thyroid hormone for radioactive iodine scanning in patients with thyroid carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1997;337:888-96.
72. Regalbuto C, Gullo D, Vigneri R, Pezzino V. Measurement of iodine before 131I in thyroid cancer. Lancet 1994;344:1501-2.
73. Park HM, Perkins OW, Edmondson JW, Schnute RB, Manatunga A. Influence of diagnostic radioiodines on the uptake of ablative dose of iodine-131. Thyroid 1994;4:49-54.
74. Tenenbaum F, Schlumberger M, Bonnin F, et al. Usefulness of technetium-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate scans in localizing bone metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med 1993;20: 1168-74.
75. Hoefnagel CA, Delprat CC, Marcuse HR, de Vijlder JJM. Role of thallium-201 total-body scintigraphy in follow-up of thyroid carcinoma. J Nucl Med 1986;27:1854-7.
76. Lind P, Gallowitsch HJ, Langsteger W, Kresnik E, Mikosch P, Gomez I. Technetium-99m-tetrofosmin whole-body scintigraphy in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Nucl Med 1997;38:348-52.
77. Feine U, Lietzenmayer R, Hanke JP, Held J, Wohrle H, Muller-Schauenburg W. Fluorine-18-FDG and iodine-131-iodide uptake in thyroid cancer. J Nucl Med 1996;37:1468-72.
78. Ricard M, Tenenbaum F, Schlumberger M, et al. Intraopcrative detection of pheochromocytoma with iodine-125 labelled meta-iodoben-zylguanidine: a feasibility study. Eur J Nucl Med 1993;20:426-30.
79. Hoie J, Stenwig AE, Kullmann G, Lindegaard M. Distant metastases in papillary thyroid cancer: a review of 91 patients. Cancer 1988;61:1-6.
80. Marcocci C, Pacini F, Elisei R, et al. Clinical and biologic behavior of bone metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Surgery 1989;106: 960-6.
81. Niederle B, Roka R, Schemper M, Fritsch A, Weissel M, Ramach W. Surgical treatment of distant metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer: indication and results. Surgery 1986;100:1088-97.
82. Maxon HR, Thomas SR, Hertzberg VS, et al. Relation between effective radiation dose and outcome of radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med 1983;309:937-41.
83. Shimaoka K, Schoenfeld DA, DeWys WD, Creech RH, DeConti R. A randomized trial of doxorubicin versus doxorubicin plus cisplatin in patients with advanced thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 1985;56:2155-60.
84. Williams SD, Birch R, Einhorn LH. Phase II evaluation of doxorubicin plus cisplatin in advanced thyroid cancer: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group Trial. Cancer Treat Rep 1986;70:405-7.
85. Casara D, Rubello D, Saladini G, et al. Different features of pulmonary metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer: natural history and multivariate statistical analysis of prognostic variables. J Nucl Med 1993;34: 1626-31.
86. Dinneen SF, Valimaki MJ, Bergstralh EJ, Goellner JR, Gorman CA, Hay ID. Distant metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma: 100 cases observed at one institution during 5 decades. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80:2041-5.
87. Rail JE, Alpers JB, Lewallen CG, Sonenberg M, Berman M, Rawson RW. Radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis: a complication of radioiodine treatment of pulmonary metastases from cancer of the thyroid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1957;17:1263-76.
88. Pacini F, Gasperi M, Fugazzola L, et al. Testicular function in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated with radioiodine. J Nucl Med 1994;35:1418-22.
89. Raymond JP, Izembart M, Marliac V, et al. Temporary ovarian failure in thyroid cancer patients after thyroid remnant ablation with radioactive iodine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989;69:186-90.
90. Dottorini ME, Lomuscio G, Mazzucchelli L, Vignati A, Colombo L. Assessment of female fertility and carcinogenesis after iodine-131 therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Nucl Med 1995;36:21-7.
91. Schlumberger M, De Vathaire F, Ceccarelli C, et al. Exposure to radioactive iodine-131 for scintigraphy or therapy does not preclude pregnancy in thyroid cancer patients. J Nucl Med 1996;37:606-12.
92. de Vathaire F, Schlumberger M, Delisle MJ, et al. Leukaemias and cancers following iodine-131 administration for thyroid cancer. Br J Cancer 1997;75:734-9.
93. Hall P, Holm LE, Lundell G, et al. Cancer risks in thyroid cancer patients. Br J Cancer 1991;64:159-63.