Investigation of the hygiene hypothesis: Current issues and future directions

Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Volumn 63, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 506-508

  Ponsonby, A L ^a,b,c   Kemp, A ^d,e  

^a ROYAL CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b MURDOCH CHILDREN'S RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

^d CHILDREN S HOSPITAL AT WESTMEAD   (Australia)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATOPY; EDITORIAL; HAY FEVER; HYGIENE; HYPOTHESIS; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INFECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ANIMALS; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; HUMANS; HYGIENE; HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE; IMMUNE SYSTEM; INFANT; INFECTION; RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL; SIBLINGS;

EID: 41749085803     PISSN: 01054538     EISSN: 13989995     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01652.x     Document Type: Editorial

References (20)

1. Strachan DP. Hay fever, hygiene, and household size. BMJ 1989 299 : 1259 1260.
2. Kemp A, Björkstén B. Immune deviation and the hygiene hypothesis: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2003 14 : 74 80.
3. Bremner SA, Carey IM, DeWilde S, Richards N, Maier WC, Hilton SR et al. Infections presenting for clinical care in early life and later risk of hay fever in two UK birth cohorts. Allergy 2008 63 : 274 283.
4. Thrane N, Søndergaard C, Schønheyder HC, Sørensen HT. Socioeconomic factors and risk of hospitalization with infectious diseases in 0- to 2-year-old Danish children. Eur J Epidemiol 2005 20 : 467 474.
5. Chen JT, Krieger N, Van Den Eeden SK, Quesenberry CP. Different slopes for different folks: socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in asthma and hay fever among 173,859 U.S. men and women. Environ Health Perspect 2002 110 (Suppl. 2 211 216.
6. Nafstad P, Brunekreef B, Skrondal A, Nystad W. Early respiratory infections, asthma, and allergy: 10-year follow-up of the Oslo Birth Cohort. Pediatrics 2005 116 : e255 e262.
7. Illi S, von Mutius E, Lau S, Bergmann R, Niggemann B, Sommerfeld C et al. Early childhood infectious diseases and the development of asthma up to school age: a birth cohort study. BMJ J 2001 322 : 390 395.
8. Hedin K, Andre M, Håkansson A, Mölstad S, Rodhe N, Petersson C. A population-based study of different antibiotic prescribing in different areas. Br J Gen Pract 2006 56 : 680 685.
9. Hegele RG, Ahmad HY, Becker AB, Dimich-Ward H, Ferguson AC, Manfreda J et al. The association between respiratory viruses and symptoms in 2-week-old infants at high risk for asthma and allergy. J Pediatr 2001 138 : 831 837.
10. Lee KK, Hegele RG, Manfreda J, Wooldrage K, Becker AB, Ferguson AC et al. Relationship of early childhood viral exposures to respiratory symptoms, onset of possible asthma and atopy in high risk children: the Canadian Asthma Primary Prevention Study. Pediatr Pulmonol 2007 42 : 290 297.
11. Zerr DM, Meier AS, Selke SS, Frenkel LM, Huang ML, Wald A et al. A population-based study of primary human herpesvirus 6 infection. N Engl J Med 2005 352 : 768 776.
12. Ponsonby AL, Dwyer T, van der Mei I, Kemp A, Blizzard L, Taylor B et al. Asthma onset prior to multiple sclerosis and the contribution of sibling exposure in early life. Clin Exp Immunol 2006 146 : 463 470.
13. Benn CS, Melbye M, Wohlfahrt J, Bjorksten B, Aaby P. Cohort study of sibling effect, infectious diseases, and risk of atopic dermatitis during first 18 months of life. BMJ 2004 328 : 1223.
14. von Mutius E. Asthma and allergies in rural areas of Europe. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2007 4 : 212 216.
15. Seiskari T, Kondrashova A, Viskari H, Kaila M, Haapala AM, Aittoniemi J et al. Allergic sensitization and microbial load - a comparison between Finland and Russian Karelia. Clin Exp Immunol 2007 148 : 47 52.
16. Shirakawa T, Enomoto T, Shimazu S, Hopkin JM. The inverse association between tuberculin responses and atopic disorder. Science 1997 275 : 77 79.
17. Ponsonby AL, Dwyer T, Kemp A, Lim L, Cochrane J, Carmichael A. The use of mutually exclusive categories for atopic sensitization: a contrasting effect for family size on house dust mite sensitization compared with ryegrass sensitization. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2003 14 : 81 90.
18. Sakamoto M, Ida S, Takishima T. Effect of influenza virus infection on allergic sensitization to aerosolized ovalbumin in mice. J Immunol 1984 132 : 2614 2617.
19. Tsitoura DC, Kim S, Dabbagh K, Berry G, Lewis DB, Umetsu DT. Respiratory infection with influenza A virus interferes with the induction of tolerance to aeroallergens. J Immunol 2000 165 : 3484 3491.
20. Karmaus W, Johnson C. Sibship effects and a call for a comparative disease approach. Am J Epidemiol 2005 162 : 133.