Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) invasion and the spread of hybridization with native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi)

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

Volumn 65, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 658-669

  Boyer, Matthew C ^a,c   Muhlfeld, Clint C ^b   Allendorf, Fred W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA   (United States)

^b U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^c WILDLIFE AND PARKS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALLELE; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; DISPERSAL; DIVERGENCE; ENDANGERED SPECIES; EXTINCTION; GENE FLOW; HYBRIDIZATION; INTROGRESSION; NATIVE SPECIES; SALMONID; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SPECIES CONSERVATION;

BRITISH COLUMBIA; CANADA; FLATHEAD RIVER; MONTANA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

KATHETOSTOMA GIGANTEUM; ONCORHYNCHUS; ONCORHYNCHUS CLARKII; ONCORHYNCHUS CLARKII LEWISI; ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS; SALMONIDAE;

EID: 41549169648     PISSN: 0706652X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/F08-001     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Allendorf, F.W., and Leary, R.F. 1988. Conservation and distribution of genetic variation in a polytypic species: the cutthroat trout. Conserv. Biol. 2: 170-184.
2. Allendorf, F.W., Leary, R.F., Spruell, P., and Wenburg, J.K. 2001. The problem with hybrids: setting conservation guidelines. Trends Ecol. Evol. 16: 613-622.
3. Allendorf, F.W., Leary, R.F., Hitt, N.P., Knudsen, K.L., Lundquist, L.L., and Spruell, P. 2004. Intercrosses and the U.S. Endangered Species Act: should hybridized populations be included as westslope cutthroat trout? Conserv. Biol. 18: 1203-1213.
4. Allendorf, F.W., Leary, R.F., Hitt, N.P., Knudsen, K.L., Boyer, M.C., and Spruell, P. 2005. Cutthroat trout hybridization and the U.S. Endangered Species Act: one species, two policies. Conserv. Biol. 19: 1326-1328.
5. Angers, B., Bernatchez, L., Angers, A., and Desgroseillers, L. 1995. Specific microsatellite loci for brook char reveal strong population subdivision on a microgeographic scale. J. Fish Biol. 47(Suppl. A): 177-185.
6. Bams, R.A. 1976. Survival and propensity for homing as affected by presence or absence of locally adapted paternal genes in two transplanted populations of pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha. J. Fish Res. Board Can. 33: 2716-2725.
7. Boecklen, W.J., and Howard, D.J. 1997. Genetic analysis of hybrid zones: number of markers and power of resolution. Ecology, 78: 2611-2616.
8. Boyer, M.C. 2006. Rainbow trout invasion and the spread of hybridization with native westslope cutthroat trout. M.Sc. thesis, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana.
9. Callaway, R.M., and Aschehoug, E.T. 2000. Invasive plants versus their new and old neighbors: a mechanism for exotic invasion. Science (Washington, D.C.), 290: 521-523.
10. Campton, D.E. 1987. Natural hybridization and introgression in fishes: methods of detection and genetic interpretations. In Population genetics and fisheries management. Edited by N. Ryman and F. Utter. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington. pp. 161-192.
11. Campton, D.E., and Kaeding, L.R. 2005. Westslope cutthroat trout, hybridization, and the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Conserv. Biol. 19: 1324-1326.
12. Condrey, M.J., and Bentzen, P. 1998. Characterization of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) microsatellites and their conservation in other salmonids. Mol. Ecol. 7: 787-789.
13. Ellstrand, N.C., and Schierenbeck, K.A. 2000. Hybridization as a stimulus for the evolution of invasiveness in plants? Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 97: 7043-7050.
14. Epifanio, J., and Philipp, D. 2001. Simulating the extinction of parental lineages from introgressive hybridization: the effects of fitness, initial proportions of parental taxa, and mate choice. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 10: 339-354.
15. Falush, D., Stephens, M., and Pritchard, J.K. 2003. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: linked loci and correlated allele frequencies. Genetics, 164: 1567-1587.
16. Floate, K.D., Whitham, T.G., and Keim, P. 1994. Morphological versus genetic markers in classifying hybrid plants. Evolution, 48: 929-930.
17. Forbes, S.H., and Allendorf, F.W. 1991. Associations between mitochondrial and nuclear genotypes in cutthroat trout hybrid swarms. Evolution, 45: 1332-1349.
18. Fuller, P.L., Nico, L.G., and Williams, J.D. 1999. Nonindigenous fishes introduced into inland waters of the United States. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, Special Publication No. 27.
19. Goudet, J. 1995. FSTAT (version 1.2): a computer program to calculate F-statistics. J. Hered. 86: 485-486.
20. Goudet, J., Raymond, G., Demeeus, T., and Rousset, F. 1996. Testing differentiation in diploid populations. Genetics, 144: 1933-1940.
21. Guo, S.W., and Thompson, E.A. 1992. Performing the exact test for Hardy-Weinberg proportion for multiple alleles. Biometrics, 48: 361-372.
22. Haig, S.M., Mullins, T.D., Forsman, E.D., Trail, P.W., and Wennerberg, L. 2004. Genetic identification of spotted owls, barred owls, and their hybrids: legal implications of hybrid identity. Conserv. Biol. 18: 1347-1357.
23. Hard, J.J., and Heard, W.R. 1999. Analysis of straying variation in Alaskan hatchery chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) following transplantation. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56: 578-589.
24. Hardy, O.J., and Vekemans, X. 2002. SPAGeDi: a versatile computer program to analyse spatial genetic structure at the individual or population levels. Mol. Ecol. Notes, 2: 618-620.
25. Hardy, O.J., Charbonnel, N., Freville, H., and Heuettz, M. 2003. Microsatellite allele sizes: a simple test to assess their significance on genetic differentiation. Genetics, 163: 1467-1482.
26. Hedrick, P.W. 1999. Perspective: highly variable loci and their interpretation in evolution and conservation. Evolution, 53: 313-318.
27. Hitt, N.P., Frissell, C.A., Muhlfeld, C.C., and Allendorf, F.W. 2003. Spread of hybridization between native westslope cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi, and nonnative rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 60: 1440-1451.
28. Holm, L.E., and Brusgaard, K. 1998. Two polymorphic dinucleotide repeats in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Anim. Gen. 30: 162-163.
29. Kanda, N., Leary, R.F., Spruell, P., and Allendorf, F.W. 2002. Molecular genetic markers identifying hybridization between the Colorado River - greenback cutthroat trout complex and Yellowstone cutthroat trout or rainbow trout. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 31: 312-319.
30. Kimura, M., and Weiss, G.H. 1964. The stepping stone model of population structure and the decrease of genetic correlation with distance. Genetics, 49: 561-576.
31. Leary, R.F., Allendorf, F.W., Phelps, S.R., and Knudsen, K.L. 1988. Population genetic structure of westslope cutthroat trout: genetic variation within and among populations. Proc. Mont. Acad. Sci. 48: 56-70.
32. Leary, R.F., Allendorf, F.W., and Sage, G.K. 1995. Hybridization and introgression between introduced and native fish. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 15: 91-101.
33. Lenormand, T. 2002. Gene flow and the limits to natural selection. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17: 183-189.
34. Liknes, G.A., and Graham, P.J. 1988. Westslope cutthroat trout in Montana: life history, status, and management. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 4: 53-60.
35. Miller, R.R., Williams, J.D., and Williams, J.E. 1989. Extinction of North American fishes during the past century. Fisheries, 14: 22-38.
36. Mills, L.S., and Allendorf, F.W. 1996. The one migrant-pergeneration rule in conservation and management. Conserv. Biol. 10: 1509-1518.
37. MiraiBio, Inc. 1999. FMBIO analysis. Version 8.0. MiraiBio, Inc., Alameda, California.
38. Muhlfeld, C.C., Glutting, S., Hunt, R., Daniels, D., Boyer, M.C., Wachsmuth, J., Hitt, N.P., and Marotz, B. 2003. Hungry Horse Mitigation Program, 2002 Annual Progress Report: Investigations of the Flathead River Native Species Project. Bonneville Power Administration Project No. 199101903. Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, Kalispell, Montana.
39. Muhlfeld, C.C., Glutting, S., Hunt, R., Daniels, D., Boyer, M.C., Wachsmuth, J., and Marotz, B. 2004. Hungry Horse Mitigation Program, 2003 Annual Progress Report: Investigations of the Flathead River Native Species Project. Bonneville Power Administration Project No. 199101903. Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, Kalispell, Montana.
40. Olden, J.D., Poff, N.L., Douglas, M.R., Douglas, M.E., and Fausch, K.D. 2004. Ecological and evolutionary consequences of biotic homogenization. Trends Ecol. Evol. 19: 18-24.
41. Olsen, J.B., Bentzen, P., and Seeb, J.E. 1998. Characterization of seven microsatellite loci derived from pink salmon. Mol. Ecol. 7: 1083-1090.
42. Perry, L.P., Lodge, D.M., and Feder, J.L. 2002. Importance of hybridization between indigenous and nonindigenous freshwater species: an overlooked threat to North American biodiversity. Syst. Biol. 51: 255-275.
43. Pritchard, J.K., Stephens, M., and Donnelly, P. 2000. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics, 155: 945-959.
44. Raymond, M., and Rousset, F. 1995. GENEPOP. Version 1.2. Population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J. Hered. 83: 248-249.
45. Rexroad, C.E., III, Coleman, R.L., Gustafson, A.L., Hershberger, W.K., and Killefer, J. 2002. Development of rainbow trout microsatellite markers from repeat enriched libraries. Mar. Biotechnol. 3: 12-16.
46. Rhymer, J.M., and Simberloff, D. 1996. Extinction by hybridization and introgression. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 27: 83-109.
47. Rice, W.R. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution, 43: 223-225.
48. Rousset, F. 1996. Equilibrium values of measures of population subdivision for stepwise mutation processes. Genetics, 142: 1357-1362.
49. Rubidge, E.M., and Taylor, E.B. 2005. An analysis of spatial and environmental factors influencing hybridization between native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi) and introduced rainbow trout (O. mykiss) in the upper Kootenay River drainage, British Columbia. Conserv. Genet. 6: 369-384.
50. Rubidge, E., Corbett, P., and Taylor, E.B. 2001. A molecular analysis of hybridization between native westslope cutthroat trout and introduced rainbow trout in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. J. Fish Biol. 59: 42-54.
51. Sage, G.K. 1993. Population genetic analysis of westslope cutthroat trout in the Bob Marshall Wilderness. M.Sc. thesis, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana.
52. Schwartz, M.K., Pilgrim, K.L., McKelvey, K.S., Lindquist, E.L., Claar, J.J., Loch, S., and Ruggiero, L.R. 2004. Hybridization between Canada lynx and bobcats: genetic results and management implications. Conserv. Genet. 5: 349-355.
53. Scribner, K.T., Gust, J.R., and Fields, R.L. 1996. Isolation and characterization of novel microsatellite loci: cross-species amplification and population genetic applications. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 53: 685-693.
54. Slatkin, M. 1995. A measure of population subdivision based on microsatellite allele frequency. Genetics, 139: 457-462.
55. Slettan A., Olsaker, I., and Lie, O. 1995. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) microsatellites at the SSOSL25, SSOSL85, SSOSL311, SSOSL417 loci. Anim. Genet. 26: 281-284.
56. Spruell, P., Bartron, M.L., Kanda, N., and Allendorf, F.W. 2001. Detection of hybrids between bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) using PCR primers complementary to interspersed nuclear elements. Copeia, 2001: 1093-1099.
57. Taylor, E.B., Stanford, M.D., and Baxter, J.S. 2003. Population subdivision in westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi) at the northern periphery of its range: evolutionary inferences and conservation implications. Mol. Ecol. 12: 2609-2622.
58. Templeton, A.R. 1986. Coadaptation and outbreeding depression. In Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and diversity. Edited by M.E. Soule. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts. pp. 105-116.
59. US Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants: notice of intent to prepare a status review for the westslope cutthroat trout. Federal Register, 67: 56257-56259.
60. US Fish and Wildlife Service. 2003. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants: reconsidered finding for an amended petition to list the westslope cutthroat trout as threatened throughout its range. Federal Register, 68: 46989-47009.
61. Weir, B.S., and Cockerham, C.C. 1984. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution, 38: 1358-1370.
62. Whitlock, M.C., and McCauley, D.E. 1999. Indirect estimates of gene flow and migration: FST ? 1/(4Nm + 1). Heredity, 82: 117-125.
63. Wolf, D.E., Takebayashi, N., and Rieseberg, L.H. 2001. Predicting the risk of extinction through hybridization. Conserv. Biol. 15: 1039-1053.
64. Wright, S. 1931. Evolution in Mendelian populations. Genetics, 16: 97-159.
65. Wright, S. 1943. Isolation by distance. Genetics, 28: 323-354.
66. Wright, S. 1951. The genetical structure of populations. Ann. Eugenics, 15: 323-354.