Distributed leadership: According to the evidence

Journal of Educational Administration

Volumn 46, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 172-188

  Harris, Alma ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Distributive control; Leadership; Organizational change; Organizational development; Professional education

Indexed keywords

EID: 41549130043     PISSN: 09578234     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/09578230810863253     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Barry, D. (1991), "Managing the bossless team: lessons in distributed leadership", Organisational Dynamics, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 31-47.
2. Bell, M., Jopling, M., Cordingly, P., Firth, A., King, E. and Mitchell, H. (2006), What Is the Impact on Pupils of Networks that Have a Least Three Schools?, NCSL, Nottingham, available at: www.ncsl.org.uk/media/02C/23/ NLGrapidreviewfullreport.pdf.
3. Bennet, N., Wise, C., Woods, P. and Harvey, J. (2003), Distributed Leadership, NCSL, Nottingham.
4. Blase, J.R. and Blase, J. (1999), "Implementation of shared governance for instructional improvement: principals' perspectives", Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 37 No. 5, pp. 476-500.
5. Burke, C.S., Fiore, S.M. and Salas, E. (2003), "The role of shared cognition in enabling shared leadership and team adaptability", in Pearce, C.J. and Conger, J.A. (Eds), Shared Leadership: Reframing the How and Whys of Leadership, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 103-22.
6. Butt, G. and Gunter, H. (2005), "Challenging modernization: remodelling the education workforce", Educational Research, Vol. 57 No. 2, pp. 131-7.
7. Bryk, A. (1999), Trust in Schools, Russel Sage Foundation, New York, NY.
8. Clarke, T. (2007), Beyond Workforce Reform towards Transformation, Specialist Schools and Academies Trust, London.
9. Copland, M.A. (2003), "Leadership of inquiry: building and sustaining capacity for school improvement", Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, Vol. 24 No. 4, pp. 375-475.
10. Elmore, R. (2004), School Reform from Inside Out, Harvard Education, Cambridge, MA.
11. Festinger, L., Schacter, S. and Back, K. (1950), Social Pressure in Informal Groups: A Study of Human Factors in Housing, Harper, New York, NY.
12. Fitzgerald, T. and Gunter, H. (2006), "Teacher leadership: a new myth for our time", paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Conference, Chicago, IL.
13. Fletcher, J.K. and Kaufer, K. (2003), "Shared leadership: paradox and possibility", in Pearce, C.J. and Conger, C. (Eds), Shared Leadership: Reframing the How and Whys of Leadership, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 21-47.
14. Fullan, M. (2006), Turnaround Leadership, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
15. Gastil, J. (1997), A Definition and Illustration of Democratic Leadership, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 155-78.
16. Gibb, C.A. (1954), Handbook of Social Psychology, Addison Wesley, Cambridge, MA.
17. Glickman, C.D., Gordon, S.P. and Ross-Gordon, J.M. (2001), Supervision and Instructional Leadership, Allyn & Bacon, Needham Heights, MA.
18. Gold, A., Evans, J., Early, P., Halpin, D. and Collabone, P. (2002), "Principled principals? Evidence from ten case studies of 'outstanding school teachers", paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA.
19. Graetz, F. (2000), "Strategic change leadership", Management Decisions, Vol. 38 No. 8, pp. 550-62.
20. Gronn, P. (2000), "Distributed properties: a new architecture for leadership", Educational Management and Administration, Vol. 28 No. 3, pp. 317-38.
21. Gronn, P. (2002), "Distributed leadership", in Leithwood, K. and Hallinger, P. (Eds), Second International Handbook of Educational Leadership and Administration, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 653-96.
22. Gunter, H. and Ribbins, P. (2003), "Challenging the orthodoxy in school leadership studies:knowers, knowing and knowledge", School Leadership and Management, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 267-90.
23. Hargreaves, A. and Fink, D. (2006), Sustainable Leadership, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
24. Harris, A. (2005), Crossing Boundaries and Breaking Barriers: Distributing Leadership in Schools, Specialist Schools Trust, London, available at: www.sst-inet.net.
25. Harris, A. (2007), "Distributed leadership: conceptual confusion and empirical reticence", International Journal of School Leadership, Vol. 10 No. 3, pp. 31-325.
26. Harris, A. and Chapman, C. (2002), Effective Leadership in Schools Facing Challenging Circumstances, National College for School Leadership (NCSL), Nottingham.
27. Harris, A. and Muijs, D. (2004), Improving Schools through Teacher Leadership, Open University Press, London.
28. Heinicke, C.M. and Bales, R.F. (1953), "Developmental trends in the structure of small groups", Sociometry, Vol. 16 No. 1, pp. 7-38.
29. Hutchins, E.T. (1995), Cognition in the Wild, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
30. Jackson, D. and Temperley, J. (2007), "From professional learning community to networked learning community", in Stoll, L. and Seashore Louis, K. (Eds), Professional Learning Communities, Open University Press, New York, NY.
31. Leithwood, K. and Jantzi, D. (2000), "The effects of different sources of leadership on student engagement in school", in Riley, K. and Louis, K. (Eds), Leadership for Change and School Reform, Routledge, London, pp. 50-66.
32. Leithwood, K., Day, C., Sammons, P., Harris, A. and Hopkins, D. (2006a), Seven Strong Claims about Successful Leadership, DfES, London.
33. Leithwood, K., Mascall, B., Strauss, T., Sacks, R., Memon, N. and Yashkina, A. (2006), "Distributing leadership to make schools smarter", Leadership and Policy, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 37-67.
34. Leithwood, K., Day, C., Sammons, P., Harris, A. and Hopkins, D. (2007), Leadership and Student Learning Outcomes, Interim Report, DCSF, London.
35. Levin, M. (2006), "Can research improve educational leadership?", Educational Researcher, Vol. 35 No. 8, pp. 38-44.
36. Lieberman, A. (1995), "Practices that support teacher development: transforming conceptions of professional learning", Phi Delta Kapan, No. 6, pp. 591-6.
37. Little, J.W. (1990), "The persistence of privacy: autonomy and initiative in teachers' professional relations", Teachers College Record, Vol. 91 No. 4, pp. 509-36.
38. Locke, E.A. (2002), "The leaders as integrator: the case of Jack Welch at General Electric", in Neider, L.L. and Schriesheim, C. (Eds), Leadership, Information Age Publishing, Greenwich, CT, pp. 1-22.
39. Louis, K.S. and Marks, H. (1998), "Does professional community affect the classroom? Teachers' work and student work in restructuring schools", American Educational Research Journal, Vol. 33 No. 4, pp. 757-98.
40. Manz, C.C. and Sims, H.P. Jr (1993), "Self-management as a substitute for leadership: a social learning perspective", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 5 No. 3, pp. 361-7.
41. Melnick, M.J. (1982), "Six obstacles to effective team performance: some small group considerations", Journal of Sport Behavior, Vol. 5 No. 3, pp. 114-23.
42. Mitchell, C. and Sackney, L. (2000), Profound Improvement, Building Capacity for a Learning Community, Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse.
43. Morrisey, M. (2000), Professional Learning Communities: An Ongoing Exploration, Southwest Educational Development Laboratory, Austin, TX.
44. Murphy, J. (2005), Connecting Teacher Leadership and School Improvement, Corwin Press, Thousand Oaks, CA.
45. Pearce, C.J. and Conger, C. (2003), Shared Leadership: Reframing the Hows and Whys of Leadership, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
46. Portin, B.S. (1998), "Compounding roles: a study of Washington's principals", International Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 29 No. 4, pp. 381-91.
47. Rosenholtz, S.J. (1989), Teachers' Workplace: The Social Organization of Schools, Longman, New York, NY.
48. Shelley, H. (1960), "Focused leadership and cohesiveness in small groups", Sociometry, Vol. 23, pp. 209-16.
49. Silins, H. and Mulford, W. (2002), "Leadership and school results", in Leithwood, K. and Hallinger, P. (Eds), Second International Handbook of Educational Leadership and Administration, Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 561-612.
50. Spillane, J.P. (2006), Distributed Leadership, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
51. Spillane, J., Halverson, R. and Diamond, J. (2001), "Towards a theory of leadership practice: a distributed perspective", working article, Northwestern University, Institute for Policy Research, Evanston, IL.
52. Spillane, J.P., Halverson, R. and Diamond, J.B. (2004), "Towards a theory of leadership practice: a distributed perspective", Journal of Curriculum Studies, Vol. 36 No. 1, pp. 3-34.
53. Stoll, L. and Seashore Louis, K. (2007), Professional Learning Communities, Open University Press, New York, NY.
54. Storey, A. (2004), "The problem of distributed leadership in schools", School Leadership and Management, Vol. 24 No. 3, pp. 249-65.
55. Timperley, H. (2005), "Distributed leadership: developing theory from practice", Journal of Curriculum Studies, Vol. 37 No. 4, pp. 395-420.
56. Vroom, V. and Yago, A.I. (1998), Situation Effects and Levels of Analysis in the Study of Leadership Participation, JAI Press, Stamford, CT.
57. Wallace, M. (2002), "Modelling distributed leadership and management effectiveness: primary school senior management teams in England and Wales", School Effectiveness and School Improvement, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 163-86.
58. Barnard, C. (1968), Functions of the Executive, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
59. Beare, H. (2006), How We Envisage Schooling in the 21st Century, London Specialist Schools and Academies Trust, London.
60. Bevan, J. (2007), The Rise and fall of Marks and Spencer and How it Rose Again, Profile Books, London.
61. Caldwell, B. (2006), Re-imagining Educational Leadership, ACER Press and Sage, London.
62. Goldstein, J. (2004), "Making sense of distributed leadership: the case of peer assistance and review", Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, Vol. 26 No. 2, pp. 173-97.
63. Hallinger, P. and Heck, R. (1996), "Reassessing the principal's role in school effectiveness: a review of empirical research 1980-1995", Educational Administration Quarterly, Vol. 32 No. 1, pp. 5-44.
64. Harris, A. and Chapman, C. (2004), "Towards differentiated improvement for schools in challenging circumstances", British Journal of Educational Studies, Vol. 52 No. 4, pp. 417-31.
65. Harris, A., Leithwood, K., Day, C., Sammons, P. and Hopkins, D. (2007), "Distributed leadership and organisational change: reviewing the evidence", Journal of Educational Change, Vol. 4, pp. 337-47.
66. Heckscher, C. (2007), The Collaborative Enterprise, Yale Books, London.
67. Heller, M.F. and Firestone, W. (1995), "Who's in charge here? Sources of leadership for change in eight schools", Elementary School Journal, Vol. 96 No. 1, pp. 65-85.
68. Peterson, K.D. (2002), "The professional development of principals: innovations and opportunities", in Young, M.D. (Ed.), Ensuring the University's Capacity to Prepare Learning Focused Leadership, National Commission for the Advancement of Educational Leadership Preparation, Columbia. MO.