'Dusky damsels': Pitcairn Island's neglected matriarchs of the Bounty Saga

Journal of Pacific History

Volumn 35, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 29-47

  Langdon, Robert ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABORIGINE; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; CLASSIFICATION; ETHNOLOGY; GENETICS; HISTORY; HUMAN; MELANESIA; METHODOLOGY; PITCAIRN; POPULATION GENETICS; SHIP; STATISTICS;

ANTHROPOMETRY; GENETICS, POPULATION; HISTORY, 16TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 17TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 18TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; MELANESIA; OCEANIC ANCESTRY GROUP; PITCAIRN ISLAND; SHIPS;

EID: 41449084304     PISSN: 00223344     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/713682826     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. George Mackaness (ed.), A Book of the 'Bounty' (London 1938), 306
2. William Bligh, A Voyage to the South Sea (London 1792), 162
3. Mackaness, A Book, xii. Another version in slightly different words appears in George Mackaness, Life of Vice-Admira l Bligh, 2nd edn (Sydney 1951), 135. First pub. 1931
4. Harry L. Shapiro, The Heritage of the 'Bounty' (New York 1936), 220
5. Harry L. Shapiro, 'Descendants of the mutineers of the Bounty', Memoirs of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 11:1 (1929), 3
6. Harry L. Shapiro and William S. Pollitzer, 'Races of Man', Collier's Encyclopedia, 16 (New York 1961), 209-12
7. A.H. Keane, The World's Peoples (London 1908), 417
8. Robert Langdon, The Lost Caravel (Sydney 1975)
9. Robert Langdon, The Lost Caravel Re-explored (Canberra 1988)
10. For an outline of earlier theories on Polynesian origins, see Thor Heyerdahl, American Indians in the Pacific (London 1952), 4-8
11. J. Macmillan Brown, People and Problems of the Pacific, I (London 1927), 94-5, used the words in relation to European-looking islanders on Woleai Atoll, Caroline Islands, in 1913
12. See Robert Langdon, 'Sixteenth century Spanish castaways in the Caroline and Marshall Islands', in Donald H. Rubinstein (ed.), Pacific History: Papers from the 8th Pacific Histoiy Association Conference (Mangilao, Guam 1992), 7-16
13. Shapiro, The Rentage, 218
14. Langdon, Re-explored, 279-84
15. Robert Langdon, 'Scientific tests on cannon from Amanu', Journal of Pacific History, 24 (1989), 130-1
16. Langdon, The Last Caravel, 62-79. Unless otherwise indicated, material cited in The Lost Caravel also appears in The Lost Caravel Re-explored
17. Langdon, The Lost Caravel, 51
18. L.S. Penrose, Outline of Human Genetics (London 1960), 121
19. J.G. Bodmer and others, 'Application of serology and the ethnic distribution of three locus HLA haplotypes', British Medical Bulletin, 43:1 (1987), 94-121
20. Harry L. Shapiro, Race Mixture, 3rd imp. (Paris 1965), 7
21. Penrose, Outline, 122
22. Amram Scheinfeld, Your Heredity and, Environment (London 1973), 86-93
23. Jean Dausset, 'Groupe HLA et polymorphisme des indigènes de l'Ile de Pâques', in Jean Dausset and others, Nouveau Regard sur l'Ile de Pâques: Rapanui (Corbeil, France 1982), 230
24. Jean Dausset and Arne Svejgaard (eds), HLA and Disease (Copenhagen 1977)
25. Francis L. Black, 'Why did they die?', Science, 258 (1992), 1739
26. L.F. Cadavid and D.I. Watkins, 'Heirs of the jaguar and the anaconda: HLA, conquest and disease in the indigenous populations of the Americas', Tissue Antigens, 50 (1997), 209-18
27. D.J. Weatherall and others, 'Genetic factors as determinants of infectious disease transmission in human communities', in R.M. Anderson and J.M. Thresh (eds), The Epidemiology and Ecology of Infectious Disease Agents (London 1988), 327-48
28. John Miles, Infectious Diseases: Colonising the Pacific? (Dunedin 1997), 99-114
29. Norma McArthur, Island Populations of the Pacific (Canberra 1967), 300-1
30. See also Norma McArthur, 'Essays in multiplication: European seafarers in Polynesia', Journal of Pacific History, 1 (1966), 91-105, especially p. 97. In 1953, roughly 160 years after the Bounty mutiny, Shapiro, Race Mixture, 35, estimated that there were about 1,000 descendants of the six mutineers and their wives on Pitcairn and Norfolk Islands. There were also those who had 'married out of the community or settled in New Zealand, Australia or elsewhere'
31. George Robertson, The Discovery of Tahiti, Hugh Carrington, ed. (London 1948), 234
32. Douglas L. Oliver, Ancient Tahitian Society (Canberra 1974), 33
33. Mackaness, A Book, 274-7
34. Robert B. Nicolson, The Pitcairners (Sydney 1965), 14-26, 183. The historical record is contradictory on whether Teio's baby was born before the Bounty left Tahiti or during the voyage to Pitcairn. The significant point here is that McCoy, Teio's first Pitcairn husband, is said not to have been the father
35. H.E. Maude, 'The history of Pitcairn Island' in A.S.C. Ross (ed.), The Pitcairnese Language (London 1964), 48-61
36. Maude, 'The history', 49-57
37. Shapiro, The Heritage, 220-1
38. John Davies, A Tahitian and English Dictionary (Tahiti 1851), 45, 117, 121, 140, 279, 308, 311
39. Based on 'List of the inhabitants of Pitcairn Island, 1790-1856' in Nicolson, The Pitcaimers, 181-206
40. Sir john Barrow, The Mutiny and Piratical Seizure of HMS 'Bounty' (London 1951), 312
41. Margaret De Salis, Captain Thomas Raine: An Early Colonist (Sydney 1969), 38, 48
42. Frederick William Beechey, Narrative of a Voyage to the Pacific ... , I (London 1831), 126-7
43. Nicolson, The Pitcairners, 96-163, 207
44. See also Nicolson, The Pitcairners, 168-9
45. Merval Hoare, Norfolk Island: An Outline of its History, 1774-1968 (St Lucia, Qld 1969), 79, 102, 118
46. Shapiro, 'Descendants', 98-106
47. Shapiro, 'Descendants', 3
48. Shapiro himself later published the Handys' work: H.L. Shapiro, 'The physical characters of the Society Islanders', Memoirs of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, XI: 4 (1930)
49. Shapiro, 'Descendants', 36-7, 45-51, 77
50. Shapiro, 'Descendants', 94-5, 98-102, 105-6
51. Alice M. Brues, People and Races (New York 1977), 103
52. Reginald Ruggles Gates, Human Genetics (New York 1952), 88-130
53. Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada, 21 (Madrid 1958), 410
54. Alice M. Brues, 'A genetic analysis of eye color,' American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 4 n.s.(1946), 1-36
55. Alice M. Brues, 'Rethinking human pigmentation', American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 43 (1975), 387-92
56. Brues, People and Races, 103
57. Niel Gunson, 'Polynesian studies: a decade of Tahitian history', Pacific History Bibliography and Comment 1982, 70
58. Bruno Saura, Pouvanaa a Oopa (Tahiti 1998), 31-51
59. In 1769, Captain Cook, Joseph Banks and Sydney Parkinson all remarked on the light features of the Huahineans and Parkinson sketched two Huahinean women of distinctly Caucasian appearance - see Langdon, The Lost Caravel, 108 and pl. 8, as well as other references to Huahine