메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 50, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 209-218

Heirs of the jaguar and the anaconda: HLA, conquest and disease in the indigenous populations of the Americas

Author keywords

Americas; Conquest; Disease; HLA

Indexed keywords

HLA ANTIGEN;

EID: 0030827940     PISSN: 00012815     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1997.tb02865.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (12)

References (89)
  • 3
    • 9844244351 scopus 로고
    • La despoblación de las Indias después de la conquista
    • Lipschutz A. La despoblación de las Indias después de la conquista. Am Indígena 1966: 26: 229-247.
    • (1966) Am Indígena , vol.26 , pp. 229-247
    • Lipschutz, A.1
  • 5
    • 0002587338 scopus 로고
    • Epidemic hecatomb in the New World
    • Settipane GA, ed. Providence, RI: Oceanside Publications
    • Naranjo P. Epidemic hecatomb in the New World. In: Settipane GA, ed. Columbus and the New World: medical implications. Providence, RI: Oceanside Publications, 1995: 19-23.
    • (1995) Columbus and the New World: Medical Implications , pp. 19-23
    • Naranjo, P.1
  • 6
    • 0009948455 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of disease transmission to native Indians
    • Settipane GA, ed. Providence, RI: Oceanside Publications
    • Settipane GA, Russo TA. Mechanism of disease transmission to native Indians. In: Settipane GA, ed. Columbus and the New World: medical implications. Providence, RI: Oceanside Publications, 1995: 25-27.
    • (1995) Columbus and the New World: Medical Implications , pp. 25-27
    • Settipane, G.A.1    Russo, T.A.2
  • 7
    • 0027117982 scopus 로고
    • Why did they die?
    • Black FL. Why did they die? Science 1992: 258: 1739-1740.
    • (1992) Science , vol.258 , pp. 1739-1740
    • Black, F.L.1
  • 10
    • 0014773106 scopus 로고
    • Notes on the effect of measles and measles vaccine in a virgin-soil population of South American Indians
    • Neel JV, Centerwall WR, Chagnon NA, Casey HL. Notes on the effect of measles and measles vaccine in a virgin-soil population of South American Indians. Am J Epidemiol 1970: 91: 418-429.
    • (1970) Am J Epidemiol , vol.91 , pp. 418-429
    • Neel, J.V.1    Centerwall, W.R.2    Chagnon, N.A.3    Casey, H.L.4
  • 11
    • 0002640080 scopus 로고
    • The role of epidemic infectious diseases in the discovery of America
    • Settipane GA, ed. Providence, RI: Oceanside Publications
    • Bianchine PJ, Russo TA. The role of epidemic infectious diseases in the discovery of America. In: Settipane GA, ed. Columbus and the New World: medical implications. Providence, RI: Oceanside Publications, 1995: 11-18.
    • (1995) Columbus and the New World: Medical Implications , pp. 11-18
    • Bianchine, P.J.1    Russo, T.A.2
  • 12
    • 0021969816 scopus 로고
    • Orthopoxvirus DNA: A comparison of restriction profiles and maps
    • Esposito JJ, Knight JC. Orthopoxvirus DNA: a comparison of restriction profiles and maps. Virology 1985: 143: 230-251.
    • (1985) Virology , vol.143 , pp. 230-251
    • Esposito, J.J.1    Knight, J.C.2
  • 13
    • 0030006049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population biology of antigen presentation by MHC class I molecules
    • Parham P, Ohta T. Population biology of antigen presentation by MHC class I molecules. Science 1996: 272: 67-74.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 67-74
    • Parham, P.1    Ohta, T.2
  • 14
    • 0028812104 scopus 로고
    • HLA class I variation in Australian aborigines: Characterization of allele B*1521
    • Lienert K, McCluskey J, Bennett G, Fowler C, Russ G. HLA class I variation in Australian aborigines: characterization of allele B*1521. Tissue Antigens 1995: 45: 12-17.
    • (1995) Tissue Antigens , vol.45 , pp. 12-17
    • Lienert, K.1    McCluskey, J.2    Bennett, G.3    Fowler, C.4    Russ, G.5
  • 15
    • 9844251764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Episodic evolution and turnover of HLA-B in the indigenous human populations of the Americas
    • Parham P, Arnett KL, Adams EJ et al. Episodic evolution and turnover of HLA-B in the indigenous human populations of the Americas. Tissue Antigens 1997: 50: 219-232.
    • (1997) Tissue Antigens , vol.50 , pp. 219-232
    • Parham, P.1    Arnett, K.L.2    Adams, E.J.3
  • 16
    • 0030853136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissimilar evolution of B-locus compared to A-locus and class II loci of the HLA region in South American Indian tribes
    • Fernández-Viña MA, Lázaro AM, Marcos CY et al. Dissimilar evolution of B-locus compared to A-locus and class II loci of the HLA region in South American Indian tribes. Tissue Antigens 1997: 50: 233-250.
    • (1997) Tissue Antigens , vol.50 , pp. 233-250
    • Fernández-Viña, M.A.1    Lázaro, A.M.2    Marcos, C.Y.3
  • 17
    • 0030772161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further diversification of the HLA-B locus in Central American Amerindians: New B39 and B51 alleles in the Kuna of Panama
    • Iwanaga KK, Eberle M, Kolman CJ, Bermingham E, Watkins DI. Further diversification of the HLA-B locus in Central American Amerindians: new B39 and B51 alleles in the Kuna of Panama. Tissue Antigens 1997: 50: 251-257.
    • (1997) Tissue Antigens , vol.50 , pp. 251-257
    • Iwanaga, K.K.1    Eberle, M.2    Kolman, C.J.3    Bermingham, E.4    Watkins, D.I.5
  • 19
    • 0026766861 scopus 로고
    • Unusual HLA-B alleles in two tribes of Brazilian Indians
    • Belich MP, Madrigal JA, Hildebrand WH et al. Unusual HLA-B alleles in two tribes of Brazilian Indians. Nature 1992: 357: 326-329.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.357 , pp. 326-329
    • Belich, M.P.1    Madrigal, J.A.2    Hildebrand, W.H.3
  • 20
    • 0026682534 scopus 로고
    • New recombinant HLA-B in a tribe of South American Amerindians indicate rapid evolution of MHC class I loci
    • Watkins DI, McAdam SN, Liu X et al. New recombinant HLA-B in a tribe of South American Amerindians indicate rapid evolution of MHC class I loci. Nature 1992: 357: 329-333.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.357 , pp. 329-333
    • Watkins, D.I.1    McAdam, S.N.2    Liu, X.3
  • 21
    • 0028978650 scopus 로고
    • Nomenclature for the factors of the HLA system, 1995
    • Bodmer JG, Marsh SG, Albert ED et al. Nomenclature for the factors of the HLA system, 1995. Tissue Antigens 1995: 46: 1-18.
    • (1995) Tissue Antigens , vol.46 , pp. 1-18
    • Bodmer, J.G.1    Marsh, S.G.2    Albert, E.D.3
  • 22
    • 0026053092 scopus 로고
    • Low nucleotide diversity in man
    • Li W-H, Sadler LA. Low nucleotide diversity in man. Genetics 1991: 129: 513-523.
    • (1991) Genetics , vol.129 , pp. 513-523
    • Li, W.-H.1    Sadler, L.A.2
  • 23
    • 0023616527 scopus 로고
    • Origin of the major histocompatibility complex polymorphism: The trans-species hypothesis
    • Klein J. Origin of the major histocompatibility complex polymorphism: the trans-species hypothesis. Hum Immunol 1987: 19: 155-162.
    • (1987) Hum Immunol , vol.19 , pp. 155-162
    • Klein, J.1
  • 24
    • 0023783671 scopus 로고
    • MHC polymorphism predating speciation
    • Figueroa F, Günther E, Klein J. MHC polymorphism predating speciation. Nature 1988: 355: 265-267.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.355 , pp. 265-267
    • Figueroa, F.1    Günther, E.2    Klein, J.3
  • 25
    • 0027275349 scopus 로고
    • The synonymous substitution rate of the major histocompatibility complex loci in primates
    • Satta Y, O'hUigin C, Takahata N, Klein J. The synonymous substitution rate of the major histocompatibility complex loci in primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993: 90: 7480-7484.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci u s a , vol.90 , pp. 7480-7484
    • Satta, Y.1    O'Huigin, C.2    Takahata, N.3    Klein, J.4
  • 27
    • 0028181895 scopus 로고
    • The origin of the primate Mhc-DRB genes and allelic lineages as deduced from the study of prosimians
    • Figueroa F, O'hUigin C, Tichy H, Klein J. The origin of the primate Mhc-DRB genes and allelic lineages as deduced from the study of prosimians. J Immunol 1994: 152: 4455-4465.
    • (1994) J Immunol , vol.152 , pp. 4455-4465
    • Figueroa, F.1    O'hUigin, C.2    Tichy, H.3    Klein, J.4
  • 28
    • 0026009294 scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity at the class II DRB loci of the primate MHC
    • Gyllesten UB, Sundvall M, Ezcurra I, Erlich H. Genetic diversity at the class II DRB loci of the primate MHC. J Immunol 1991: 146: 4368-1376.
    • (1991) J Immunol , vol.146 , pp. 4368-11376
    • Gyllesten, U.B.1    Sundvall, M.2    Ezcurra, I.3    Erlich, H.4
  • 29
    • 0027086848 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary stability of transspecies major histocompatibility complex class II DRB lineages in humans and rhesus monkeys
    • Slierendregt B, van Noort J, Bakas R, Otting N, Jonker M, Bontrop RE. Evolutionary stability of transspecies major histocompatibility complex class II DRB lineages in humans and rhesus monkeys. Hum Immunol 1992: 35: 29-35.
    • (1992) Hum Immunol , vol.35 , pp. 29-35
    • Slierendregt, B.1    Van Noort, J.2    Bakas, R.3    Otting, N.4    Jonker, M.5    Bontrop, R.E.6
  • 30
    • 0025292531 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of MHC class I genes of a New World primate from ancestral homologues of human non-classical genes
    • Watkins DI, Chen ZW, Hughes AL, Evans MG, Tedder TF, Letvin NL. Evolution of MHC class I genes of a New World primate from ancestral homologues of human non-classical genes. Nature 1990: 346: 60-63.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.346 , pp. 60-63
    • Watkins, D.I.1    Chen, Z.W.2    Hughes, A.L.3    Evans, M.G.4    Tedder, T.F.5    Letvin, N.L.6
  • 31
    • 0030587137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MHC class I-processed pseudogene in New World primates provide evidence for rapid turnover of MHC class I genes
    • Cadavid LF, Hughes AL, Watkins DI. MHC class I-processed pseudogene in New World primates provide evidence for rapid turnover of MHC class I genes. J Immunol 1996: 157: 2403-2409.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.157 , pp. 2403-2409
    • Cadavid, L.F.1    Hughes, A.L.2    Watkins, D.I.3
  • 33
    • 0023783672 scopus 로고
    • HLA-A and HLA-B polymorphism predate the divergence of humans and chimpanzees
    • Lawlor DA, Ward FE, Ennis PD, Jackson AP, Parham P. HLA-A and HLA-B polymorphism predate the divergence of humans and chimpanzees. Nature 1988: 335: 268-271.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.335 , pp. 268-271
    • Lawlor, D.A.1    Ward, F.E.2    Ennis, P.D.3    Jackson, A.P.4    Parham, P.5
  • 34
    • 0029886599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The MHC class I genes of the rhesus monkey: Different evolutionary histories of MHC class I and class II genes in primates
    • Boyson JE, Shufflebotham C, Cadavid LF et al. The MHC class I genes of the rhesus monkey: different evolutionary histories of MHC class I and class II genes in primates. J Immunol 1996: 156: 4656-4665.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.156 , pp. 4656-4665
    • Boyson, J.E.1    Shufflebotham, C.2    Cadavid, L.F.3
  • 35
    • 0024077349 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequences in chimpanzee MHC class I alleles: Evidence for trans-species mode of evolution
    • Mayer WE, Jonker M, Klein D, Ivanyi P, van Seventer G, Klein J. Nucleotide sequences in chimpanzee MHC class I alleles: evidence for trans-species mode of evolution. EMBO J 1988: 7: 2765-2774.
    • (1988) EMBO J , vol.7 , pp. 2765-2774
    • Mayer, W.E.1    Jonker, M.2    Klein, D.3    Ivanyi, P.4    Van Seventer, G.5    Klein, J.6
  • 36
    • 0028242730 scopus 로고
    • A uniquely high level of recombination at the HLA-B locus
    • McAdam SN, Boyson JE, Liu X et al. A uniquely high level of recombination at the HLA-B locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994: 91: 5893-4897.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 5893-14897
    • McAdam, S.N.1    Boyson, J.E.2    Liu, X.3
  • 37
    • 0020961177 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for balancing selection at HLA
    • Hedrick PW, Thomson G. Evidence for balancing selection at HLA. Genetics 1983: 104: 449-456.
    • (1983) Genetics , vol.104 , pp. 449-456
    • Hedrick, P.W.1    Thomson, G.2
  • 39
    • 0023764283 scopus 로고
    • Pattern of nucleotide substitutions at major histocompatibility complex class I loci reveals overdominant selection
    • Hughes AL, Nei M. Pattern of nucleotide substitutions at major histocompatibility complex class I loci reveals overdominant selection. Nature 1988: 335: 167-170.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.335 , pp. 167-170
    • Hughes, A.L.1    Nei, M.2
  • 40
    • 0025195145 scopus 로고
    • The major histocompatibility complex and the quest for origins
    • Klein J, Takahata N. The major histocompatibility complex and the quest for origins. Immunol Rev 1990: 113: 5-25.
    • (1990) Immunol Rev , vol.113 , pp. 5-25
    • Klein, J.1    Takahata, N.2
  • 41
    • 0026768815 scopus 로고
    • Models of host-parasite interaction and MHC polymorphism
    • Hughes AL, Nei M. Models of host-parasite interaction and MHC polymorphism. Genetics 1992: 132: 863-864.
    • (1992) Genetics , vol.132 , pp. 863-864
    • Hughes, A.L.1    Nei, M.2
  • 42
    • 0026776013 scopus 로고
    • Overdominant vs. frequency-dependent selection at Mhc loci
    • Slade RW, McCallum HI. Overdominant vs. frequency-dependent selection at Mhc loci. Genetics 1992: 132: 861-862.
    • (1992) Genetics , vol.132 , pp. 861-862
    • Slade, R.W.1    McCallum, H.I.2
  • 43
    • 0026575161 scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of MHC polymorphism
    • Hughes AL, Nei M. Maintenance of MHC polymorphism. Nature 1992: 355: 402-403.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.355 , pp. 402-403
    • Hughes, A.L.1    Nei, M.2
  • 45
    • 0016842119 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced immunological surveillance in mice heterozygous at the H-2 gene complex
    • Doherty PC, Zinkernagel RM. Enhanced immunological surveillance in mice heterozygous at the H-2 gene complex. Nature 1975: 256: 50-52.
    • (1975) Nature , vol.256 , pp. 50-52
    • Doherty, P.C.1    Zinkernagel, R.M.2
  • 46
    • 0040771786 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide substitutions at major histocompatibility complex class II loci: Evidence for overdominant selection
    • Hughes AL, Nei M. Nucleotide substitutions at major histocompatibility complex class II loci: Evidence for overdominant selection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989: 86: 958-962.
    • (1989) Proc Natl Acad Sci u s a , vol.86 , pp. 958-962
    • Hughes, A.L.1    Nei, M.2
  • 47
    • 0015515875 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary significance of the HLA system
    • Bodmer WF. Evolutionary significance of the HLA system. Nature 1972: 237: 139-145.
    • (1972) Nature , vol.237 , pp. 139-145
    • Bodmer, W.F.1
  • 48
    • 0024344047 scopus 로고
    • Diversity and diversification of HLA-A, B, C alleles
    • Parham P, Lawlor DA, Lomen CE, Ennis PD. Diversity and diversification of HLA-A, B, C alleles. J Immunol 1989: 142: 3937-3950.
    • (1989) J Immunol , vol.142 , pp. 3937-3950
    • Parham, P.1    Lawlor, D.A.2    Lomen, C.E.3    Ennis, P.D.4
  • 51
    • 85036490024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peopling the Americas
    • in response to Leon-S. et al., Ibid. p. 723-724.
    • Parham P. Peopling the Americas (in response to Leon-S. et al., Ibid. p. 723-724). Science 1996: 273: 724-725.
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 724-725
    • Parham, P.1
  • 53
    • 0017165964 scopus 로고
    • The histocompatibility system in the Warao Indians of Venezuela
    • Layrisse Z, Layrisse M, Heinen HD, Wilbert J. The histocompatibility system in the Warao Indians of Venezuela. Science 1976: 194: 1135-1138.
    • (1976) Science , vol.194 , pp. 1135-1138
    • Layrisse, Z.1    Layrisse, M.2    Heinen, H.D.3    Wilbert, J.4
  • 54
    • 0018137614 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of HLA antigens in the Motilones Indians of Venezuela
    • Johnson AH, Noreen H, Spees EK et al. The distribution of HLA antigens in the Motilones Indians of Venezuela. Tissue Antigens 1978: 12: 163-169.
    • (1978) Tissue Antigens , vol.12 , pp. 163-169
    • Johnson, A.H.1    Noreen, H.2    Spees, E.K.3
  • 55
    • 0019350999 scopus 로고
    • Mysteries of the Amerindians
    • Kostyu DD, Amos DB. Mysteries of the Amerindians. Tissue Antigens 1981: 17: 111-123.
    • (1981) Tissue Antigens , vol.17 , pp. 111-123
    • Kostyu, D.D.1    Amos, D.B.2
  • 56
    • 0029944608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Description of a novel HLA-B35 (B*3514) allele found in a Mexican family of Nahua Aztec descent
    • Vargas-Alarcón G, Martínez-Laso J, Granados J et al. Description of a novel HLA-B35 (B*3514) allele found in a Mexican family of Nahua Aztec descent. Hum Immunol 1996: 45: 148-151.
    • (1996) Hum Immunol , vol.45 , pp. 148-151
    • Vargas-Alarcón, G.1    Martínez-Laso, J.2    Granados, J.3
  • 58
    • 0030031529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new HLA-B35 (B*3516) allele found in a Mexican of Nahua (Aztec) descent
    • Vargas-Alarcón G, Alvarez M, Martínez-Laso J et al. A new HLA-B35 (B*3516) allele found in a Mexican of Nahua (Aztec) descent. Immunogenetics 1996: 43: 244-245.
    • (1996) Immunogenetics , vol.43 , pp. 244-245
    • Vargas-Alarcón, G.1    Alvarez, M.2    Martínez-Laso, J.3
  • 59
    • 0030941160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in intron 2 sequences between B*39061 and B*39062 in Amerindians: Comparison with those of B*3901, B*5101, and B*52012
    • Vargas-Alarcón G, Gómez-Casado E, Martínez-Laso J et al. Differences in intron 2 sequences between B*39061 and B*39062 in Amerindians: comparison with those of B*3901, B*5101, and B*52012. Immunogenetics 1997: 45: 436-439.
    • (1997) Immunogenetics , vol.45 , pp. 436-439
    • Vargas-Alarcón, G.1    Gómez-Casado, E.2    Martínez-Laso, J.3
  • 61
    • 0028831554 scopus 로고
    • HLA-B16 antigens: Sequence of the ST-16 antigen, further definition of two B38 subtypes and evidence for convergent evolution of B*3902
    • Adams EJ, Martínez-Naves E, Arnett KL, Little A-M, Tyan DB, Parham P. HLA-B16 antigens: sequence of the ST-16 antigen, further definition of two B38 subtypes and evidence for convergent evolution of B*3902. Tissue Antigens 1995: 45: 18-26.
    • (1995) Tissue Antigens , vol.45 , pp. 18-26
    • Adams, E.J.1    Martínez-Naves, E.2    Arnett, K.L.3    Little, A.-M.4    Tyan, D.B.5    Parham, P.6
  • 62
    • 0029038888 scopus 로고
    • HLA-B alleles of the Cayapa of Ecuador: New B39 and B15 alleles
    • Garber TL, Butler LM, Trachtenberg EA et al. HLA-B alleles of the Cayapa of Ecuador: new B39 and B15 alleles. Immunogenetics 1995: 42: 19-27.
    • (1995) Immunogenetics , vol.42 , pp. 19-27
    • Garber, T.L.1    Butler, L.M.2    Trachtenberg, E.A.3
  • 63
    • 0030042011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA-B alleles of the Navajo: No evidence for rapid evolution in the Nadene
    • Garber TL, Butler L, Trachtenberg EA et al. HLA-B alleles of the Navajo: no evidence for rapid evolution in the Nadene. Tissue Antigens 1996: 47: 143-146.
    • (1996) Tissue Antigens , vol.47 , pp. 143-146
    • Garber, T.L.1    Butler, L.2    Trachtenberg, E.A.3
  • 64
    • 0029011955 scopus 로고
    • A new HLA-B35 allele (B*3510) found in isolated Jaidukama South American Indians
    • Gómez-Casado E, Montoya F, Martínez-Laso J et al. A new HLA-B35 allele (B*3510) found in isolated Jaidukama South American Indians. Immunogenetics 1995: 42: 231-232.
    • (1995) Immunogenetics , vol.42 , pp. 231-232
    • Gómez-Casado, E.1    Montoya, F.2    Martínez-Laso, J.3
  • 65
    • 0026446357 scopus 로고
    • Serologic cross-reactivities poorly reflect allelic relationships in the HLA-B12 and HLA-B21 groups: Dominant epitopes of the alpha 2 helix
    • Hildebrand WH, Madrigal JA, Belich MP et al. Serologic cross-reactivities poorly reflect allelic relationships in the HLA-B12 and HLA-B21 groups: Dominant epitopes of the alpha 2 helix. J Immunol 1992: 149: 3563-3568.
    • (1992) J Immunol , vol.149 , pp. 3563-3568
    • Hildebrand, W.H.1    Madrigal, J.A.2    Belich, M.P.3
  • 66
    • 0029656076 scopus 로고
    • A new HLA-B15 allele (B*1522) found in Bari-Motilones Amerindians in Venezuela: Comparison of its intron 2 sequence with those of B*1501 and B*3504
    • Martínez-Laso J, Layrisse Z, Gómez-Casado E et al. A new HLA-B15 allele (B*1522) found in Bari-Motilones Amerindians in Venezuela: comparison of its intron 2 sequence with those of B*1501 and B*3504. Immunogenetics 1995: 43: 108-109.
    • (1995) Immunogenetics , vol.43 , pp. 108-109
    • Martínez-Laso, J.1    Layrisse, Z.2    Gómez-Casado, E.3
  • 67
    • 0029609190 scopus 로고
    • Primary structure of a novel HLA-B39 allele (B*3909) from the Warao Indians of Venezuela. Further evidence for local HLA-B diversification in South America
    • Ramos M, Postigo JM, Vilches C, Layrisse Z, López de Castro JA. Primary structure of a novel HLA-B39 allele (B*3909) from the Warao Indians of Venezuela. Further evidence for local HLA-B diversification in South America. Tissue Antigens 1995: 46: 401-404.
    • (1995) Tissue Antigens , vol.46 , pp. 401-404
    • Ramos, M.1    Postigo, J.M.2    Vilches, C.3    Layrisse, Z.4    De López Castro, J.A.5
  • 68
    • 0029965819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete sequence of a new HLA-B35 allele found in a tribe of Mapuche Indians in the south of Argentina
    • Theiler GC, Marcos YC, Kolkowsky E et al. Complete sequence of a new HLA-B35 allele found in a tribe of Mapuche Indians in the south of Argentina. Immunogenetics 1996: 43: 398-399.
    • (1996) Immunogenetics , vol.43 , pp. 398-399
    • Theiler, G.C.1    Marcos, Y.C.2    Kolkowsky, E.3
  • 69
    • 0030077063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The four founding lineages hypothesis for the New World: A critical reevaluation
    • Merriwether DA, Ferrel RE. The four founding lineages hypothesis for the New World: a critical reevaluation. Mol. Phylog Evol 1996: 5: 241-246.
    • (1996) Mol. Phylog Evol , vol.5 , pp. 241-246
    • Merriwether, D.A.1    Ferrel, R.E.2
  • 70
    • 0026870862 scopus 로고
    • American Indian prehistory as written in the mitochondrial DNA: A review
    • Wallace RC, Torrini A. American Indian prehistory as written in the mitochondrial DNA: a review. Hum Biol 1992: 64: 403-416.
    • (1992) Hum Biol , vol.64 , pp. 403-416
    • Wallace, R.C.1    Torrini, A.2
  • 71
    • 0030965314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphism of the HLA-DRB1 locus in Colombian, Ecuadorian, and Chilean Amerinds
    • Blagitko N, O'hUigin C, Figueroa F et al. Polymorphism of the HLA-DRB1 locus in Colombian, Ecuadorian, and Chilean Amerinds. Hum Immunol 1997: 54: 74-81.
    • (1997) Hum Immunol , vol.54 , pp. 74-81
    • Blagitko, N.1    O'Huigin, C.2    Figueroa, F.3
  • 72
    • 0027429386 scopus 로고
    • Differences in HLA class II alleles of isolated South American Indian populations from Brazil and Argentina
    • Cerna M, Falco M, Friedman H et al. Differences in HLA class II alleles of isolated South American Indian populations from Brazil and Argentina. Hum Immunol 1993: 37: 213-220.
    • (1993) Hum Immunol , vol.37 , pp. 213-220
    • Cerna, M.1    Falco, M.2    Friedman, H.3
  • 73
    • 0028607590 scopus 로고
    • Major histocompatibility complex class II alleles and haplotypes and blood groups of four Amerindian tribes of northern Colombia
    • Yunis J, Ossa H, Salazar M et al. Major histocompatibility complex class II alleles and haplotypes and blood groups of four Amerindian tribes of northern Colombia. Hum Immunol 1994: 41: 248-258.
    • (1994) Hum Immunol , vol.41 , pp. 248-258
    • Yunis, J.1    Ossa, H.2    Salazar, M.3
  • 74
    • 0027052563 scopus 로고
    • HLA polymorphism in a Mataco South American Indian tribe: Serology of class I and class II antigens. Molecular analysis of class II polymorphic variants
    • Vullo CM, Delfino L, Angelini G, Ferrara OB. HLA polymorphism in a Mataco South American Indian tribe: serology of class I and class II antigens. Molecular analysis of class II polymorphic variants. Hum Immunol 1992: 35: 209-214.
    • (1992) Hum Immunol , vol.35 , pp. 209-214
    • Vullo, C.M.1    Delfino, L.2    Angelini, G.3    Ferrara, O.B.4
  • 78
    • 0028016004 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of HLA class II haplotypes in the Cayapa Indians of Ecuador: A novel DRB1 allele reveals evidence for convergent evolution and balancing selection at position 86
    • Titus-Trachtenberg EA, Ricards O, De Stefano GF, Erlich HA. Analysis of HLA class II haplotypes in the Cayapa Indians of Ecuador: a novel DRB1 allele reveals evidence for convergent evolution and balancing selection at position 86. Am J Hum Genet 1994: 55: 160-167.
    • (1994) Am J Hum Genet , vol.55 , pp. 160-167
    • Titus-Trachtenberg, E.A.1    Ricards, O.2    De Stefano, G.F.3    Erlich, H.A.4
  • 80
    • 10144247246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inter-locus recombinant HLA-B*4601 has high selectivity in peptide binding and functions characteristic of HLA-C
    • Barber LD, Percival L, Valiante NM et al. The inter-locus recombinant HLA-B*4601 has high selectivity in peptide binding and functions characteristic of HLA-C. J Exp Med 1996: 148: 735-740.
    • (1996) J Exp Med , vol.148 , pp. 735-740
    • Barber, L.D.1    Percival, L.2    Valiante, N.M.3
  • 81
    • 0028987607 scopus 로고
    • The origins of HLA-A,B,C polymorphism
    • Parham P, Adams EJ, Arnett KL. The origins of HLA-A,B,C polymorphism. Immunol Rev 1995: 143: 141-180.
    • (1995) Immunol Rev , vol.143 , pp. 141-180
    • Parham, P.1    Adams, E.J.2    Arnett, K.L.3
  • 82
    • 0029004879 scopus 로고
    • Gene conversion vs point mutation in generating variability at the antigen recognition site of major histocompatibility complex loci
    • Ohta T. Gene conversion vs point mutation in generating variability at the antigen recognition site of major histocompatibility complex loci. J Mol Evol 1995: 41: 115-119.
    • (1995) J Mol Evol , vol.41 , pp. 115-119
    • Ohta, T.1
  • 83
    • 0025831493 scopus 로고
    • Refined structure resolution of the human histocompatibility antigen HLA-A2 at 2.6 Å resolution
    • Saper MA, Bjorkman PJ, Wiley DC. Refined structure resolution of the human histocompatibility antigen HLA-A2 at 2.6 Å resolution. J Mol Biol 1991: 219: 277-319.
    • (1991) J Mol Biol , vol.219 , pp. 277-319
    • Saper, M.A.1    Bjorkman, P.J.2    Wiley, D.C.3
  • 84
    • 0031568384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphism in the alpha-1 helix of the HLA-B heavy chain can have an overriding influence on the peptide-binding specificity
    • Barber LD, Percival L, Arnett KL, Gumperz JE, Chen L, Parham P. Polymorphism in the alpha-1 helix of the HLA-B heavy chain can have an overriding influence on the peptide-binding specificity. J Immunol 1997: 158: 1660-1669.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 1660-1669
    • Barber, L.D.1    Percival, L.2    Arnett, K.L.3    Gumperz, J.E.4    Chen, L.5    Parham, P.6
  • 85
    • 16944366524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late escape from an immunodominant cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response associated with progression to AIDS
    • Goulder PJR, Phillips RE, Colbert RA et al. Late escape from an immunodominant cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response associated with progression to AIDS. Nature Meet 1997: 3: 212-217.
    • (1997) Nature Meet , vol.3 , pp. 212-217
    • Goulder, P.J.R.1    Phillips, R.E.2    Colbert, R.A.3
  • 87
    • 0000667524 scopus 로고
    • Wright S. Science 1938: 87: 430-431.
    • (1938) Science , vol.87 , pp. 430-431
    • Wright, S.1
  • 88
    • 9844268285 scopus 로고
    • Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Publishers
    • Broennimann P. Auca on the Cononaco. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Publishers, 1981.
    • (1981) Auca on the Cononaco
    • Broennimann, P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.