Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in medical patients

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

Volumn 10, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 356-365

  Gerotziafas, Grigoris T ^a,b   Samama, Meyer M ^a,b  

^a HÔTEL DIEU   (France)

^b HÔPITAL ROBERT DEBRÉ   (France)

Author keywords

Deep vein thrombosis; Fondaparinux; Low molecular weight heparins; Medical patients; Thromboprophylaxis

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 10A INHIBITOR; DALTEPARIN; DANAPAROID; ENOXAPARIN; FONDAPARINUX; HEPARIN; LEPIRUDIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; MELAGATRAN; THROMBIN INHIBITOR; WARFARIN; XIMELAGATRAN;

ALLERGIC REACTION; BLEEDING; CANCER; CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG SAFETY; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY; PROPHYLAXIS; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; SIDE EFFECT; SKIN NECROSIS; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; THROMBOEMBOLISM; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM;

EID: 4143124372     PISSN: 10705287     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.mcp.0000136947.31517.c4     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. National Highway Traffic Safety Association: 2002 Annual Report of Motor Vehicle Crashes. National Highway Traffic Safety Association, 2002.
2. American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts & Figures: 2003. American Cancer Society; 2003.
3. American Heart Association: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: 2003 Update. Dallas, Texas: American Heart Association; 2002.
4. Anderson FA Jr, Wheeler HB, Goldberg RJ, et al.: A population-based perspective of the hospital incidence and case-fatality rates of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: the Worcester DVT Study. Arch Intern Med 1991, 151:933-938.
5. Hirsh J, Hoak J: Management of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a statement for healthcare professionals from the council on thrombosis (in consultation with the council on cardiovascular radiology), American Heart Association. Circulation 1996, 93:2212-2245.
6. Brandjes DP, Buller HR, Heijboer H, et al.: Randomised trial of effect of compression stockings in patients with symptomatic proximal-vein thrombosis. Lancet 1997, 349:759-762.
7. Kahn SR, Solymoss S, Lamping DL, et al.: Long-term outcomes after deep vein thrombosis: postphlebitic syndrome and quality of life. J Gen Intern Med 2000, 15:425-429.
8. Pengo V, Lensing AWA, Prins MH, et al. for the Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group: Incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 2004, 350:2257-2264.
9. Goldhaber SZ, Visani L, De Rosa M: Acute pulmonary embolism: clinical outcomes in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER). Lancet 1999, 353:1386-1389.
10. Goldhaber SZ, Savage DD, Garrison RJ, et al.: Risk factors for pulmonary embolism: the Framingham study. Am J Med 1983, 74:1023-1028.
11. Nielsen HK, Bechgaard P, Nielsen FP, et al.: 178 fatal cases of pulmonary embolism in a medical department. Acta Med Scand 1981, 209:351-355.
12. Sperry KL, Key CR, Anderson RE: Toward a population-based assessment of death due to pulmonary embolism in New Mexico. Hum Pathol 1990, 21:159-165.
13. Cohen AT, Edmondson RA, Phillips RA, et al.: The changing pattern of venous thromboembolic disease. Haemostasis 1996, 26:65-71.
14. Hauch O, Jorgensen LN, Khattar SC, et al.: Fatal pulmonary embolism associated with surgery: an autopsy study. Acta Chir Scand 1990, 156:747-749.
15. Anderson FA Jr, Wheeler HB, Goldberg RJ, et al.: A population-based perspective of the hospital incidence and case-fatality rates of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: the Worcester DVT Study. Arch Intern Med 1991, 151:933-938.
16. Anderson FA Jr, Wheeler HB: Venous thromboembolism: risk factors and prophylaxis. Clin Chest Med 1995, 16:235-251.
17. Rosendaal FR: Venous thrombosis: a multicausal disease. Lancet 1999, 353:1167-1173.
18. Heit JA, Silverstein MD, Mohr DN, et al.: The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in the community. Thromb Haemost 2001, 86:452-463.
19. Samama MM, Dahl OE, Quinian DJ, et al.: Quantification of risk factors for venous thromboembolism: a preliminary study for the development of a risk assessment tool. Haematologica 2003, 88:1410-1421.
20. Heit JA, O'Falion WM, Petterson TM, et al.: Relative impact of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med 2002, 162:1245-1248.
21. Nicolaides AN, Breddin HK, Fareed J, et al.: Prevention of venous thromboembolism: International Consensus Statement guidelines compiled in accordance with the scientific evidence. Int Angiol 2001, 20:1-37.
22. Geerts WH, Heit JA, Clagett P, et al.: Prevention of venous thromboemblism. Chest 2001, 119(suppl. 1):132S-175S.
23. Kearon C: Natural history of venous thromboembolism. Circulation 2003, 107:1-22-1-30
24. Douketis JD, Eikelboom JW, Quinian DJ, et al.: Short-duration prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism after total hip or knee replacement; a meta-analysis of prospective studies investigating symptomatic outcomes. Arch Intern Med 2002, 162:1465-1471.
25. Hirsh J, Dalen JE, Guyatt G: The sixth (2000) ACCP guidelines for antithrombotic therapy for prevention and treatment of thrombosis. Chest 2001, 119:1S-2S.
26. The seventh ACCP guidelines for antithrombotic therapy for prevention and treatment of thrombosis. Chest 2004 (in press).
27. Goldhaber SZ, Tapson VF: DVT FREE Steering Committee: a prospective registry of 5,451 patients with ultrasound-confirmed deep vein thrombosis. Am J Cardiol 2004, 93:259-262.
28. Samama MM, Gerotziafas GT: Evaluation of the pharmacological properties and clinical results of the synthetic pentasaccharide (fondaparinux). Thromb Res 2003, 109:1-11.
29. Gustafsson D: Oral direct thrombin inhibitors in clinical development. J Intern Med 2003, 254:322-334.
30. Gallus AS, Hirsh J, Tuttle RJ, et al.: Small subcutaneous doses of heparin in prevention of venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 1973, 288:545-551.
31. Warlow C, Terry G, Kenmure ACF, et al.: A double-blind trial of low doses of subcutaneous heparin in the prevention of deep-vein thrombosis after myocardial infarction. Lancet 1973, 2:934-936
32. Gallus AS, Nurmohammed M, Kearon C, et al.: Thromboprophylaxis in non-surgical patients: who, when and how? Haemostasis 1998, 28:71-82.
33. Samama MM, Cohen AT, Darmon JY, et al.: A comparison of enoxaparin with placebo for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients: prophylaxis in medical patients with enoxaparin study group. N Engl J Med 1999, 341:793-800.
34. Alikhan R, Cohen AT, Combe S, et al.: Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with acute medical illness: analysis of the Medenox study. Arch Intern Med 2004, 164:963-968.
35. Lechler E, Schramm W, Flosbach CW: The venous thrombotic risk in non-surgical patients: epidemiological data and efficacy/safety profile of a low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin). The Prime Study Group. Haemostasis 1996, 26:49-56.
36. Kleber FX, Witt C, Flosbach CW, et al.: PRINCE Study Group. Study to compare the efficacy and safety of the LMWH enoxaparin and standard heparin in the prevention of thromboembolic events in medical patients with cardiopulmonary diseases. Ann Hematol 1998, 76(Suppl 1):A93 [abstract].
37. Vaitkus PT, Leizorovicz A, Goldhaber SZ: PREVENT investigator Group. Vasc Med 2002, 7:269-273.
38. Becker F, Leizorovicz A, Olsson CG, et al.: Venous ultrasound: an alternative to venography for evaluation of dalteparin prophylaxis in 3706 medically ill hospitalised patients. Blood 2003, 102:1165 [abstract].
39. Leizorovicz A, Cohen AT, Turpie AT, et al.: Efficacy and safety of combining dalteparin with aspirin in preventing venous thromboembolism in medical patients. Blood 2003, 102:1153 [abstract].
40. Hull R, Schellong S, Tapson V, et al.: Extended thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin in acutely ill medical patients with prolonged periods of immobilization: the EXCLAIM study. J Thromb Haemost 2003, 1(Suppl 1):OC397 [abstract].
41. Cohen AT, Davidson BL, Gallus AS, et al.: Fondaparinux for the prevention of VTE in acutely ill medical patients. Blood 2003, 102:42 [abstract].
42. Moser KM, LeMoine JR, Nachtwey FJ, et al.: Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: frequency in a respiratory intensive care unit. JAMA 1981, 246:1422-1424.
43. Fraisse F, Holzapfel L, Couland J-M, et al.: Nadroparin in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in acute decompensated COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000, 161:1109-1114.
44. Cade JF: High risk of the critically ill for venous thromboembolism. Crit Care Med 1982, 10:448-450.
45. Kapoor M, Kupfer YY, Tessler S: Subcutaneous heparin prophylaxis significantly reduces the incidence of venous thromboembolic events in the critically ill. Crit Care Med 1999, 27(suppl):A69 (abstract).
46. Geerts W, Selby R: Prevention of venous thromboembolism in the ICU. Chest 2003, 124:357s-363S.
47. Ibrahim EH, Iregui M, Prentice D, et al.: Deep vein thrombosis during prolonged mechanical ventilation despite prophylaxis. Crit Care Med 2002, 30:771-774.
48. Lacherade JC, Cook D, Heyland D, et al.: French and Canadian ICU Directors Groups. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in critically ill medical patients: a Franco-Canadian cross-sectional study. J Crit Care 2003, 18:228-237.
49. Prandoni P, Piccioli A, Pagnan A: Recurrent thromboembolism in cancer patients: incidence and risk factors. Semin Thromb Hemost 2003, 29:3-9.
50. Duggan C, Marriott K, Edwards R, et al.: Inherited and acquired risk factors for venous thromboembolic disease among women taking tamoxifen to prevent breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003, 21:3588-3593.
51. Sallah S, Wan JY, Nguyen NP: Venous thrombosis in patients with solid tumors: determination of frequency and characteristics. Thromb Haemost 2002, 87:575-579.
52. Samama MM, for the Sirus Study Group.: An epidemiologic study on the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis in medical outpatients. Arch Intern Med 1994, 154:164-168.
53. Kearon C: Epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. Semin Vasc Med 2001, 1:7-25.
54. Enoxacan Study Group: Efficacy and safety of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin for prevention of deep vein thrombosis in elective cancer surgery: a double-blind randomized multicentre trial with venographic assessment. Br J Surg 1997, 84:1099-1103.
55. Levine M, Hirsh J, Gent M, et al.: Double-blind randomised trial of very low dose warfarin for the prevention of thromboembolism in stage IV breast cancer. Lancet 1994, 343:886-889.
56. Kakkar AK, Levine M, Pinedo HM, et al.: Venous thrombosis in cancer patients: insights from the Frontline survey. Oncologist 2003, 8:381-388.
57. Zacharski LR, Henderson WG, Rickles FR, et al.: Effect of warfarin anticoagulation on survival in carcinoma of the lung, colon, head and neck, and prostate: final report of VA cooperative study. Cancer 1984, 53:2046-2052.
58. Lebeau B, Chastang C, Brechot JM, et al.: Subcutaneous heparin treatment increases survival in small cell lung cancer. "Petites Cellules" Group. Cancer 1994, 74:38-45.
59. Siragusa S, Cosmi B, Piovella F, et al.: Low-molecular-weight heparins and unfractionated heparin in the treatment of patients with acute venous thromboembolism: results of a meta-analysis. Am J Med 1996, 100:269-277.
60. Kakkar AJ, Levine MN, Kadziola Z, et al.: Low molecular weight heparin therapy with dalteparin and survival in advanced cancer: the Fragmin Advanced Malignancy Outcome Study (FAMOUS). J Clin Oncol 2004, 22:1944-1948.
61. Verso M, Agnelli G: Venous thromboembolism associated with long-term use of central venous catheters in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2003, 21:3665-3675.
62. Bern MM, Lokich JJ, Wallach SR, et al.: Very low doses of warfarin can prevent thrombosis in central venous catheters: a randomised prospective trial. Ann Intern Med 1990, 112:423-428.
63. Monreal M, Alastrue A, Rull M, et al.: Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis in cancer patients with venous access devices: prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin). Thromb Haemost 1996, 75:251-253.
64. Bara L, Planes A, Samama MM: Occurrence of thrombosis and haemorrhage, relationship with anti-Xa, anti-IIa activities, and D-dimmer plasma levels in patients receiving a low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin or tinzaparin, to prevent deep vein thrombosis after hip surgery. Br J Haematol 1999, 104:230-240.
65. Farooq V, Hegarty J, Chandrasekar T, et al.: Serious adverse incidents with the use of low molecular weight heparins in patients with chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2004, 43:531-537.
66. Petersen P, Grind M, Adler J, for the SPORTIF II Investigators: Ximelagatran versus warfarin for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003, 41:1445-1451.
67. Gruel Y, Pouplard C, Nguyen P, et al.: French Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Study Group. Biological and clinical features of low-molecular-weight heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 2003, 121:786-792.
68. Liautard T: Low molecular weight heparins and thrombocytosis. Ann Pharmacother 2002, 36:1351-1354.
69. Wells PS, Lensing AWA, Davidson BL, et al.: Accuracy of ultrasound for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis in asymptomatic patients after orthopedic surgery: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 1995, 122:47-53.
70. Mismetti P, Laporte-Simitsidis S, Tardy B, et al.: Prevention of venous thromboembolism in internal medicine with unfractionated or low molecular weight heparins: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Thromb Haemost 2000, 83:14-19.
71. Halkin H, Goldberg J, Modan M, et al.: Reduction of mortality in general medical in-patient by low dose heparin prophylaxis. Ann Intern Med 1982, 96:561-565.
72. Collins R, Scrimgeour A, Yusuf S, et al.: Reduction in fatal pulmonary embolism and venous thrombosis by perioperative administration of subcutaneous heparin: overview of results of randomized trials in general, orthopedic and urologic surgery. N Engl J Med 1988, 318:1162-1173.
73. Bergmann JF, Caulin C: Heparin prophylaxis in bedridden patients. Lancet 1996, 348:205-206.
74. Gardlund B: Randomised controlled trials of low-dose heparin for prevention of fatal pulmonary embolism in patients with infectious disease. Lancet 1996, 347:1357-1361.
75. Lecompte T, Luo SK, Stieljes N, et al.: Thrombocytopenia associated with low molecular weight heparin. Lancet 1991, 338:1271.
76. Mosen D, Elliot CG, Egger MJ, et al.: The effect of a computerised system on the prevention of venous thromboembolism. Chest 2004, 125:1635-1641.