Nosocomial candidemia: An ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology

Volumn 25, Issue 8, 2004, Pages 624-626

  Diekema, Daniel J ^a   Pfaller, Michael A ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN B DEOXYCHOLATE; ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; FLUCONAZOLE;

BLOOD CULTURE; BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; CANDIDA ALBICANS; CANDIDA GLABRATA; CANDIDA KRUSEI; CANDIDA PARAPSILOSIS; CANDIDA TROPICALIS; CANDIDEMIA; CANDIDIASIS; EDITORIAL; FUNGEMIA; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HUMAN; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; MORTALITY;

ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; CANDIDIASIS; CROSS INFECTION; FUNGEMIA; HUMANS; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 4143111224     PISSN: 0899823X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/502451     Document Type: Editorial

References (43)

1. Puzniak L, Teutsch S, Powderly W, Polish L. Has the epidemiology of nosocomial candidemia changed? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2004;25:628-633.
2. Rex JH, Pfaller MA. Has antifungal susceptibility testing come of age? Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:982-989.
3. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Method for Antifungal Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts. Wayne, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards; 2004. Approved guideline M44-A.
4. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts: Approved Standard, ed. 2. Wayne, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards; 2002. Document M27-A2.
5. Pappas PG, Rex JH, Sobel JD, et al. Guidelines for treatment of candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:161-189.
6. Marr KA, Seidel K, Slavin MA, et al. Prolonged fluconazole prophylaxis is associated with persistent protection against candidiasis-related death in allogeneic marrow transplant recipients: long-term follow-up of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Blood 2000;96:2055-2061.
7. Winston DJ, Pakrasi A, Busuttil RW. Prophylactic fluconazole in liver transplant recipients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1999;131:729-737.
8. McNeil MM, Nash SL, Hajjeh RA, et al. Trends in mortality due to invasive mycotic diseases in the United States, 1980-1997. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:641-647.
9. Trick WE, Fridkin SK, Edwards JR, Hajjeh RA, Gaynes RP, the NNIS System hospitals. Secular trend of hospital acquired candidemia among intensive care unit patients in the U.S. during 1989-1999. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:627-630.
10. Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Hollis RJ, Jones RN, Diekema DJ. In vitro activities of ravuconazole and voriconazole compared with those of four licensed systemic antifungal agents against 6,970 clinical isolates of Candida spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002;46:1723-1727.
11. Diekema DJ, Beekmann SE, Chapin K, Morel K, Munson E, Doern GV. Epidemiology and outcome of nosocomial and community onset blood-stream infection. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41:3655-3660.
12. Edmond MB, Wallace SE, McCIish DK, et al. Nosocomial bloodstream infections in United States hospitals: a three years' analysis. Clin Infect Dis 1999;29:239-244.
13. Gottfredsson M, Vredenburgh JJ, Xu J, Schell WA, Perfect JR. Candidemia in women with breast carcinoma treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplant. Cancer 2003;98:24-30.
14. Gudlaugsson O, Gillespie S, Lee K, et al. Attributable mortality of nosocomial candidemia, revisited. Clin Infect Dis 2003;37:1172-1177.
15. Fraser VJ, Jones M, Dunkel J, Storfer S, Medoff G, Dunagan WC. Candidemia in a tertiary care hospital: epidemiology, risk factors, and predictors of mortality. Clin Infect Dis 1992;15:414-421.
16. Harvey RL, Myers JP. Nosocomial fungemia in a large community teaching hospital. Arch Intern Med 1987;147:2117-2120.
17. Horn R, Wong B, Kiehn TE, Armstrong D. Fungemia in a cancer hospital: changing frequency, earlier onset, and results of therapy. Rev Infect Dis 1985;7:646-655.
18. Klein JJ, Watanakunakorn C. Hospital-acquired fungemia: its natural course and clinical significance. Am J Med 1979;67:51-58.
19. Marsh PK, Tally FP, Kellum J, Callow A, Gorbach SL. Candida infections in surgical patients. Ann Surg 1983;198:42-47.
20. Wey SB, Mori M, Pfaller MA, Woolson RF, Wenzel RP. Hospital acquired candidemia: attributable mortality and excess length of stay. Arch Intern Med 1988;148:2642-2645.
21. Mora-Duarte J, Betts R, Rotstein C, et al. Comparison of caspofungin and amphotericin B for invasive candidiasis. N Engl J Med 2002;347:2020-2029.
22. Rex JH, Bennett JE, Sugar AM, et al. A randomized trial comparing fiu fluconazole with amphotericin B for the treatment of candidemia in patients without neutropenia. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1325-1330.
23. Pittet D, Li N, Woolson RF, Wenzel RP. Microbiological factors influencing outcome of nosocomial bloodstream infection: a 6-year validated, population-based model. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:1068-1078.
24. Weinstein MP, Towns ML, Quartey SM, et al. The clinical significance of positive blood cultures in the 1990s: a prospective comprehensive evaluation of the microbiology, epidemiology, and outcome of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:584-602.
25. Rex JH, Pappas PG, Karchmer AW, et al. A randomized and blinded multicenter trial of high-dose fluconazole plus placebo versus fluconazole plus amphotericin B as therapy for candidemia and its consequences in nonneutropenic subjects. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:1221-1228.
26. Wey SB, Mori M, Pfaller MA, Woolson RF, Wenzel RP. Risk factors for hospital-acquired candidemia: a matched case-control study. Arch Intern Med 1989;149:2349-2353.
27. Blumberg HM, Jarvis WR, Soucie JM, et al. Risk factors for candidal bloodstream infections in surgical intensive care unit patients: the NEMIS prospective multicenter study. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:177-186.
28. Pittet D, Monod M, Suter PM, Frenk E, Auckenthaler R. Candida colonization and subsequent infections in critically ill surgical patients. Ann Surg 1994;220:751-758.
29. Saiman L, Ludington E, Dawson JD, et al. Risk factors for Candida species colonization of neonatal intensive care unit patients. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001;20:1119-1124.
30. Shin JH, Kim M-N, Shin DH, et al. Genetic relatedness among Candida tropicalis isolates from sporadic cases of fungemia in two university hospitals in Korea. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2004;25:634-640.
31. Posteraro B, Bruno S, Boccia S, et al. Candida parapsilosis bloodstream infection in pediatric oncology patients: results of an epidemiologic investigation. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2004;25:641-645.
32. Diekema DJ, Messer SA, Hollis RJ, Wenzel RP, Pfaller MA. An outbreak of Candida parapsilosis endocarditis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1997;29:147-153.
33. Sanchez V, Vazquez JA, Barth-Jones D, Dembry L, Sobel JD. Nosocomial acquisition of Candida parapsilosis: an epidemiologic study. Am J Med 1993;94:577-582.
34. Doebbeling BN, Hollis RJ, Isenberg HD, Wenzel RP, Pfaller MA. Restriction fragment analysis of a Candida tropicalis outbreak of sternal wound infections. J Clin Microbiol 1991;29:1268-1270.
35. Marco F, Lockhart SR, Pfaller MA, et al. Elucidating the origins of nosocomial infections with Candida albicans by DNA fingerprinting with the complex probe Ca3. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37:2817-2828.
36. McGinley KJ, Larson EL, Leyden JJ. Composition and density of microflora in the subungual space of the hand. J Clin Microbiol 1988;26:950-953.
37. Strausbaugh LJ, Sewell DL, Ward TT, Pfaller MA, Heitzman T, Tjoelker R. High frequency of yeast carriage on hands of hospital personnel. J Clin Microbiol 1994;32:2299-2300.
38. Boyce JM, Pittet D. Guideline for hand hygiene in health-care settings. MMWR 2002;51(RR-16):1-45.
39. O'Grady NP, Alexander M, Dellinger EP, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. MMWR 2002;51(RR-10):1-29.
40. Coopersmith CM, Rebmann TL, Zack JE, et al. Effect of an education program on decreasing catheter-related bloodstream infections in the surgical intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2002;30:59-64.
41. Garbino J, Lew DP, Romand JA, Hugonnet S, Auckenthaler R, Pittet D. Prevention of severe Candida infections in nonneutropenic, high-risk, critically-ill patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients treated by selective digestive decontamination. Intensive Care Med 2002;28:1708-1717.
42. Pelz RK, Hendrix CW, Swoboda SM, et al. Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of fluconazole to prevent candidal infections in critically ill surgical patients. Ann Surg 2001;233:542-548.
43. Sobel JD, Rex JH. Invasive candidiasis: turning risk into a practical prevention policy? Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:187-190.