Characterization of the temporal sampling error in space-time-averaged rainfall estimates from satellites

Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres

Volumn 109, Issue 11, 2004, Pages

  Gebremichael, Mekonnen ^a   Krajewski, Witold F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

Author keywords

Rainfall; Sampling; Satellite

Indexed keywords

PRECIPITATION ASSESSMENT; RAINFALL; SAMPLING; SATELLITE DATA; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

EID: 4143089353     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2004JD004509     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Astin, I. (1997), A survey of studies into errors in large scale space-time averages of rainfall, cloud cover, sea surface processes and the Earth's radiation budget as derived from low Earth orbit satellite instruments because of their temporal and spatial coverage, Surv. Geophys., 18, 385-403.
2. Bell, T. L., and P. K. Kundu (1996), A study of the sampling error in satellite rainfall estimates using optimal averaging of data and a stochastic model, J. Clim., 9, 1251-1268.
3. Bell, T. L., and P. K Kundu (2000), Dependence of satellite sampling error on monthly averaged min rates: Comparison of simple models and recent studies, J. Clim., 13, 449-462.
4. Bell, T. L., A. Abdullah, R. L. Martin, and G. R. North (1990), Sampling errors for satellite-derived tropical rainfall: Monte Carlo study using a space-time stochastic model, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 2195-2205.
5. Bell, T. L., P. K. Kundu, and C. D. Kummerow (2001), Sampling errors of SSM/I and TRMM rainfall averages: Comparison with error estimates from surface data and a simple model, J. Appl, Meteorol., 40, 938-954.
6. Chang, A. T. C., and L. S. Chiu (1999), Nonsystematic errors of monthly oceanic rainfall derived from SSM/l, Mon. Weather Rev., 127, 1630-1638.
7. Chang, A. T. C., and L. S. Chin (2001),.Non-systematic errors of monthly oceanic rainfall derived from passive microwave radiometry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(7), 1223-1226.
8. Chang, A. T. C., L. S. Chiu, and T. T. Wilheit (1993), Random errors of oceanic monthly rainfall derived from SSM/I using probability distribution functions, Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 2351-2354.
9. Ciach, G. J., and W. F. Krajewski (1999), Radar-rain gauge comparisons under observational uncertainties, J. Appl. Meteorol., 38, 1519-1525.
10. Cosgrove, C. M., and M. Garstang (1995), Simulation of rain events from rain gauge measurements, Int. J. Climatol., 15, 1021-1029.
11. Efron, B. (1979), Bootstrap methods: Another look at the Jack-knife, Ann. Stat., 7, 1-26.
12. Efron, B. (1990), More efficient bootstrap computations, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 85, 79-89.
13. Fuller, W. A. (1987), Measurement Error Models, 440 pp., John Wiley, Hoboken, N. J.
14. Gebremichael, M., W. F. Krajewski, M. Morrissey, D. Langerud, G. J. Huffman, and R. Adler (2003), Error uncertainty analysis of GPCP monthly rainfall products: A data based simulation study, J. Appl. Meteorol., 42, 1837-1848.
15. Graves, C. E., J. B. Valdes, S. S. P. Shen, and G. R. North (1993), Evaluation of sampling errors of precipitation from spaceborne and ground sensors, J. Appl. Meteorol., 32, 374-385.
16. Huffman, G. J. (1997), Estimates of root-mean-square random error for finite samples of estimated precipitation, J. Appl. MeteoroL, 36, 1191-1201.
17. Huffman, G. J., R. F. Adler, P. Arkin, A. Chang, R. Ferraro, A. Gruber, J. Janowiak, A. McNab, B. Rudolf, and U. Schneider (1997), The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) combined precipitation dataset, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78(1), 5-20.
18. Huffman, G. J., R. F. Adler, M. M. Morrissey, D. T. Bolvin, S. Curtis, R. Joyce, B. Mcgavock, and J. Susskind (2001), Global precipitation at one-degree daily resolution from multisatellite observations, J. Hydrometeorol., 2(1), 36-50.
19. Kessler, E., and B. Neas (1994), On correlation, with applications to the radar and raingage measurement of rainfall, Atmos. Res., 34, 217-229.
20. Krajewski, W. F., G. J. Ciach, J. R. McCollum, and C. Bacotiu (2000), Initial validation of the Global Precipitation Climatology Project over the United States, J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 1071-1086.
21. Kummerow, C., et al. (2000), The status of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) after two years in orbit, J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 1965-1982.
22. Kunsch, H. R. (1989), The jackknife and the bootstrap for general stationary observations, Ann. Stat., 17, 1217-1241.
23. Laughlin, C. R. (1981), On the effect of temporal sampling on the observation of mean rainfall, in Precipitation Measurements From Space: Workshop Report, edited by D. Atlas and 0. W. Thiele, pp. D-59-D-66, Goddard Space Flight Cent., Greenbelt, Md.
24. Leger, C., D. N.Politis, and J. P. Romano (1992), Bootstrap technology and applications, Technometrics, 34, 378-398.
25. Li, Q., R. L. Bras, and D. Veneziano (1996), Analysis of Darwin rainfall data: Implications on sampling strategy, J. Appl. Meteorol., 35, 372-385.
26. McConnell, A., and G. R. North (1987), Sampling errors in satellite estimates of tropical rain, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9567-9570.
27. Meisner, B. N., and P. A. Arkin (1987), Spatial and annual variations in the diumal cycle of large-scale tropical convective cloudiness and precipitation, Mon. Weather Rev., 115, 2009-2032.
28. Nelson, B. R., W. F. Krajewski, A. Kruger, J. A. Smith, and M. L. Baeck (2003a), Archival precipitation data set for the Mississippi River Basin: Development of a GIS-based data browser, Comput. Geosci., 29(5), 595-604.
29. Nelson, B. R., W. F. Krajewski, A. Kruger, J. A. Smith, and M. L. Baeck (2003b), Archival precipitation data set for the Mississippi River Basin: Algorithm development, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D22), 8857, doi:10.1029/ 2002JD003158.
30. North, G. R., and S. Nakamoto (1989), Formalism for comparing rain estimation designs, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 6, 985-992.
31. North, G. R., S. S. P. Shen, and R. Upson (1993), Sampling errors in rainfall estimates by multiple satellites, J. Appl. Meteorol., 32, 399-410.
32. Oki, R., and A. Sumi (1994), Sampling simulation of TRMM rainfall estimation using radar-AMeDAS composites, J. Appl. Meteorol., 33, 1597-1608.
33. Seed, A., and G. L. Austin (1990), Variability of summer Florida rainfall and its significance for the estimation of rainfall by gages, radar, and satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 2207-2215.
34. Sharma, A. K., A. T. C. Chang, and T. W. Wilheit (1991), Estimation of diurnal cycle of oceanic precipitation from SSM/I data, Mon. Weather Rev., 119,2168-2175.
35. Shin, K.-S., and G. R. North (1988), Sampling error study for rainfall estimate by satellite using a stochastic model, J. Appl. Meteorol., 27, 1218-1231.
36. Shin, K.-S., G. R. North, Y.-S. Ahn, and P. A. Arkin (1990), Time scales and variability of area-averaged tropical oceanic rainfall, Mon. Weather Rev., 118, 1507-1516.
37. Soman, V V, J. B. Valdes, and G. R. North (1995), Satellite sampling and the diurnal cycle statistics of Darwin rainfall data, J. Appl. Meteorol., 34, 2481-2490.
38. Steiner, M. (1996), Uncertainty of estimates of monthly areal rainfall for temporally sparse remote observations, Water Resour. Res., 32, 373-388.
39. Steiner, M., T. L. Bell, Y. Zhang, and E. F. Wood (2003), Comparison of two methods for estimating the sampling-related uncertainty of satellite rainfall averages based on a large radar dataset, J. Clim., 16, 3759-3778.
40. Trenberth, K. E. (1984), Some effects of finite sample size and persistence on meteorological statistics. Part I: Autocorrelations, Mon. Weather Rev., 112, 2359-2368.
41. Wilheit, T. T. (1988), Error analysis for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), in Tropical Rainfall Measurements, edited by J. S. Theon and N. Fugono, pp. 377-385, A. Deepak, Hampton, Va.
42. Willmott, C. J., and D. E. Wicks (1980), An empirical method for the spatial interpolation of monthly precipitation within California, Phys. Geogr, 1, 59-73.
43. Zeng, L., and G. Levy (1995), Space and time Aliasing structure in monthly mean polar-orbiting satellite data, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 5133-5142.
44. Zwiers, F. W. (1990), The effect of serial correlation on statistical inferences made with resampling procedures, J. Clim., 3, 1452-1461.