Sea-ice and its response to CO2 forcing as simulated by global climate models

Climate Dynamics

Volumn 23, Issue 3-4, 2004, Pages 229-241

  Flato, G M ^a  

^a ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; CLIMATE FORCING; CLIMATE MODELING; SEA ICE; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; WARMING;

EID: 4143077644     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00382-004-0436-7     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. 2 experiment using the ARPEGE/OPAICE nonflux corrected coupled model. Geophys Res Lett 25: 2277-2280
2. Boer GJ (2000) Climate model intercompansion. In: Mate P, o' Neil A (eds) Numerical Modelling cf la global atmosphere in climate system. Kluwer Academic, Dardrecht, Nethelands, pp 443-464
3. Boer GJ, Yu B (2002) Climate sensitivity and response. Clim Dyn 20: 415-429
4. Bourke RH, Garrett RP (1987) Sea ice thickness distribution in the Arctic Ocean. Cold Reg Sci and Technol 13: 259-280
5. Boville BA, Gent PR (1998) The NCAR Climate System Model, Version One. J Clim 11: 1115-1130
6. Cubasch U, Voss R, Hegerl GC, Waszkewitz J, Crowley TJ (1997) Simulation of the influence of solar radiation variations on the global climate with an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. Clim Dyn 13: 757-767
7. Cubasch U, Meehl GA, and 39 others (2001) Projections of future climate change. In: Houghton JT et al. (eds) Climate change 2001: the scientific basis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 181
8. Delworth T, Stouffer R, Dixon K, Spelman M, Knutson T, Broccoli A, Kushner P, Wetherald R (2002) Review of simulations of climate variability and change with the GFDL R30 coupled climate model. Clim Dyn 19: 555-574
9. Emori S, Nozawa T, Abe-Ouchi A, Numaguti A, Kimoto M, Nakajima T (1999) Coupled ocean-atmosphere model experiments of future climate change with an explicit representation of sulfate aerosol scattering. J Meterol Soc Japan 77: 1299-1307
10. Flato GM (1996) The role of dynamics in warming sensitivity of Arctic sea ice models. Proc. Workshop on Polar Processes in Global climate, Am Meteorol Soc 13-15 November, Cancun, Mexico, pp 113-114
11. Flato GM, Boer GJ (2001) Warming asymmetry in climate change simulations. Geophys Res Lett 28: 195-198
12. Flato GM, Boer GJ, Lee WG, McFarlane NA, Ramsden D, Reader MC, Weaver AJ (2000) The canadian centre for climate modeling and analysis global coupled model and its climate. Clim Dyn 16: 451-467
13. Giegray JM, Stott PA, Gresswell DJ, Rayner NA, Gardon C, Serton DMH (2003) Recent and future changes in Arctic sea ice simulated by the HadCM3 AOGCM. Geophys Res Lett 29: 2715, doi: 10.1029/2001 GLO14575
14. Gordon HB, O'Farrell SP (1997) Transient climate change in the CSIRO coupled model with dynamic sea ice. Mon Weather Rev 125: 875-907
15. Gordon C, Cooper C, Senior CA, Banks HT, Gregory JM, Johns TC, Mitchell JFB, Wood RA (2000) The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre copled model without flux adjustments. Clim Dyn 16: 147-168
16. 2 increases. Climate Processes and Climate Sensitivity, Geophysical Monograph 29, Am Geopys Union pp 238-253
17. Hogan TF, Li T (1997) Long-term simulations with a coupled global atmosphere-ocean prediction system. NRL Review, pp 183-185
18. Holland MM, Bitz CM (2003) Polar amplification of climate change in coupled models. Clim Dyn 21: 221-232 DOI 10.1007/s00382-003-0332-6
19. Johns TC (1996) A description of the Second Hadley Centre Coupled Model (HadCM2). Climate Research Technical Note 71, Hadley Centre, United Kingdom Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2SY, UK pp 19
20. Lambert SJ, Boer GJ (2001) CMIPI evaluation and intercomparison of coupled climate models. Clim Dyn 17: 83-106
21. Laurent C, LeTreut H, Li ZX, Fairhead L, Dufresne JL (1998) The influence of resolution in simulating inter-annual and interdecadal variability in a coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM with emphasis over the North Atlantic. IPSL Report N 8
22. 2- Part I: annual mean response. J Clim 4: 785-818
23. Meehl GA, Boer GJ, Covey C, Latif M Stouffer RJ (2000) The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Bull Am Meteorol See 81: 313-318
24. Miller RL, Jiang X (1996) Surface energy fluxes and coupled variability in the tropics of a coupled general circulation model. J Clim 9: 1599-1620
25. Power SB, Colman RA, McAvaney BJ, Dahni RR, Moore AM, Smith NR (1993) The BMRC Coupled atmosphere/ocean/sea-ice model. BMRC Research Report 37, Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia, pp 55
26. Power SB, Tseitkin F, Colman RA, and Sulaiman A (1998) A coupled general circulation model for seasonal prediction and climate change research. BMRC Research Report 66, Bureau of Meteorology, Australia
27. 2 climate model sensitivity. Part I: the total influence of sea ice thickness and extent. J Clim 8: 449-463
28. Roeckner E, Arpe K, Bengtsson L, Christoph M, Claussen M, Dümenil L, Esch M, Giorgetta M, Schlese U, Schulzweida U (1996) The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM4: model description and simulation of present-day climate. MPI Report 218, Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany, pp 90
29. Russell GL, Miller JR, Rind D (1995) A coupled atmosphere-ocean model for transient climate change studies. Atmos Ocean 33: 683-730
30. Schneider EK, Zhu Z, Giese BS, Huang B, Kirtman BP, Shukla J, Carton JA (1997) Annual cycle and ENSO in a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. Mon Weather Rev 125: 680-702
31. 2 experiment with the MRI CGCM: annual mean response. CGER's Supercomputer Monograph Report vol 2, CGER-IO22-96, ISSN 1341-4356, Center for Global Environmntal Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Environment Agency of Japan, Ibaraki, Japan, pp 86
32. 2. J Geophys Res 101: 12,795-12,801
33. Wu GX, Zhang XH, Liu H, Yu YQ, Jin XZ, Guo YF, Sun SF, Li WP (1997) Global ocean-atmosphere-land system model of LASG (GOALS/LASG) and its performance in simulation study. Q J Appl Meteorol Suppl 8: 815-28
34. Zhang XH, Shi GY, Liu H, Yu YQ (eds) (2000) IAP Global Atmosphere-Land System Model. Science Press, Beijing, China, pp 259