Flow cytometry as a reliable tool in diagnostics - Review of basic principles, standard procedures and tests in diagnostics of primary immunodeficiencies

Central-European Journal of Immunology

Volumn 32, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 247-257

  Pia̧tosa, Barbara ^a  

^a CHILDREN'S MEMORIAL HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Poland)

Author keywords

Application guidelines; Flow cytometry; Primary immune deficiencies

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN;

B LYMPHOCYTE; BLOOD SAMPLING; CELL POPULATION; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DISEASE SEVERITY; FLOW CYTOMETRY; HUMAN; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN PRODUCTION; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOPHENOTYPING; LABORATORY TEST; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NORMAL VALUE; PATIENT SAFETY; RELIABILITY; REVIEW; STAINING; T LYMPHOCYTE;

EID: 41349118608     PISSN: 14263912     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. Landay AL, Muirhead KA (1989): Procedural guidelines for performing immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 52: 48-60.
2. Bain BJ, Barnett D, Linch D et al. (2002): Revised guideline on immunophenotyping in acute leukaemias and chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. Clin Lab Haematol 24: 1-13.
3. van Wering ER, van Lochem EG, Leenders M et al. (2004): Three-color flowcytometric analysis of mature and immature hematological malignancies. A guideline of the Dutch Foundation for Immunophenotyping of Hematological Malignancies (SIHON). J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 18: 313-326.
4. Nicholson J, Kidd P, Mandy F et al. (1996): Three-color supplement to the NIAID DAIDS guideline for flow cytometric immunophenotyping. Cytometry 26: 227-230.
5. Barnett D, Bird G, Hodges E et al. (1997): Guidelines for the enumeration of CD4+ T lymphocytes in immunosuppressed individuals. CD4+ T lymphocyte Working Party. Members of the General Haematology Task Force of BCSH. Clin Lab Haematol 19: 231-241.
6. Schnizlein-Bick CT, Mandy FF, O'Gorman MR et al. (2002): Use of CD45 gating in three and four-color flow cytometric immunophenotyping: guideline from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of AIDS. Cytometry 50: 46-52.
7. Mandy FF, Nicholson JK, McDougal JS; CDC (2003): Guidelines for performing single-platform absolute CD4+ T-cell determinations with CD45 gating for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Recomm Rep 52(RR-2): 1-13.
8. Illoh OC (2004): Current applications of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency diseases. Arch Pathol Lab Med 128: 23-31.
9. Borowitz MJ, Bray R, Gascoyne R et al. (1997): U.S.-Canadian Consensus recommendations on the immunophenotypic analysis of hematologic neoplasia by flow cytometry: data analysis and interpretation. Cytometry 30: 236-244.
10. Zeman K, Fornalczyk-Wachowska E, Pakoca Let al. (1996): Sklad odsetkowy podstawowych subpopulacji limfocytów oraz komórek NK we krwi obwodowej populacji polskiej. Centr Eur J Immunol 21: S107-S113.
11. Comans-Bitter WM, de Groot R, van den Beemd R et al. (1997): Immunophenotyping of blood lymphocytes in childhood. Reference values for lymphocyte subpopulations. J Pediatr 130: 388-393.
12. de Vries E, de Groot R, de Bruin-Versteeg S et al. (1999): Analysing the developing lymphocyte system of neonates and infants. Eur J Pediatr 158: 611-617.
13. de Vries E, de Bruin-Versteeg S, Comans-Bitter WM et al. (2000): Longitudinal survey of lymphocyte subpopulations in the first year of life. Pediatr Res 47: 528-537.
14. Shearer WT, Rosenblatt HM, Gelman RS et al. (2003): Lymphocyte subsets in healthy children from birth through 18 years of age: the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group P1009 study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 112: 973-980.
15. Schmid I, Nicholson JK, Giorgi JV et al. (1997): Biosafety guidelines for sorting of unfixed cells. Cytometry 28: 99-117.
16. 1997 revised guidelines for performing CD4+ T-cell determinations in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Recomm Rep 46 (RR-2): 1-29.
17. Nicholson JK, Green TA (1993): Selection of anticoagulants for lymphocyte immunophenotyping. Effect of specimen age on results. J Immunol Methods 165: 31-35.
18. Jalla S, Sazawal S, Deb S, Black RE et al. (2004): Enumeration of lymphocyte subsets using flow cytometry: Effect of storage before and after staining in a developing country setting. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 19: 95-99.
19. Paxton H, Bendele T (1993): Effect of time, temperature, and anticoagulant on flow cytometry and hematological values. Ann N Y Acad Sci 677: 440-443.
20. Ekong T, Kupek E, Hill A et al. (1993): Technical influences on immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. The effect of time and temperature of storage on the viability of lymphocyte subsets. J Immunol Methods 164: 263-273.
21. Hoffman RA, Kung PC, Hansen WP, Goldstein G (1980): Simple and rapid measurement of human T lymphocytes and their subclasses in peripheral blood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77: 4914-4917.
22. De Paoli P, Reitano M, Battistin S et al. (1984): Enumeration of human lymphocyte subsets by monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry: a comparative study using whole blood or mononuclear cells separated by density gradient centrifugation. J Immunol Methods 72: 349-353.
23. Tamul KR, Schmitz JL, Kane K, Folds JD (1995): Comparison of the effects of Ficoll-Hypaque separation and whole blood lysis on results of immunophenotypic analysis of blood and bone marrow samples from patients with hematologic malignancies. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2: 337-342.
24. Basso G, Buldini B, De Zen L, Orfao A (2001): New methodologic approaches for immunophenotyping acute leukemias. Haematologica 86: 675-692.
25. Bossuyt X, Marti GE, Fleisher TA (1997): Comparative analysis of whole blood lysis methods for flow cytometry. Cytometry 30: 124-133.
26. Brando B, Barnett D, Janossy G et al. (2000): Cytofluorometric methods for assessing absolute numbers of cell subsets in blood. European Working Group on Clinical Cell Analysis. Cytometry 42: 327-346.
27. Paietta E (2003): How to optimize multiparameter flow cytometry for leukaemia/lymphoma diagnosis. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 16: 671-683.
28. Reilly JT (1996): Use and evaluation of leucocyte monoclonal antibodies in the diagnostic laboratory: a review. Clin Lab Haematol 18: 1-5.
29. Nicholson JK, Jones BM, Cross D et al. (1984): Comparison of T and B cell analysis on fresh and aged blood. J Immunol Methods 73: 29-40.
30. Weiblen BJ, Debell K, Georgio A, Valeri CR (1984): Monoclonal antibody testing of lymphocytes after overnight storage. J Immunol Methods 70: 179-183.
31. Wood B (2006): 9-color and 10-color flow cytometry in the clinical laboratory. Arch Pathol Lab Med 130: 680-690.
32. Borowitz MJ, Guenther KL, Shults KE, Stelzer GT (1993): Immunophenotyping of acute leukemia by flow cytometric analysis. Use of CD45 and right-angle light scatter to gate on leukemic blasts in three-color analysis. Am J Clin Pathol 100: 534-540.
33. Stelzer GT, Shults KE, Loken MR (1993): CD45 gating for routine cytometric analysis of human bone marrow specimens. Ann N Y Acad Sci 677: 265-280.
34. Nicholson JK, Hubbard M, Jones BM (1996): Use of CD45 fluorescence and side-scatter characteristics for gating lymphocytes when using the whole blood lysis procedure and flow cytometry. Cytometry 26: 16-21.
35. Lock RJ, Virgo PF, Evely RS (2003): Pitfalls of CD45 gating strategies in leukaemia immunophenotyping. Clin Lab Haematol 25: 67.
36. Kraan J, Gratama JW, Keeney M, D'Hautcourt JL (2003): Setting up and calibration of a flow cytometer for multicolor immunophenotyping. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 17: 223-233.
37. Szczepański T, van der Velden VH, van Dongen JJ (2006): Flow-cytometric immunophenotyping of normal and malignant lymphocytes. Clin Chem Lab Med 44: 775-796.
38. Schenker EL, Hultin LE, Bauer KD et al. (1993): Evaluation of a dual-color flow cytometry immunophenotyping panel in a mulficenter quality assurance program. Cytometry 14: 307-317.
39. Margolick JB, Scott ER, Odaka N, Saah AJ (1991): Flow cytometric analysis of gamma delta T cells and natural killer cells in HIV-1 infection. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 58: 126-138.
40. De Paoli P, Gennari D, Martelli P et al. (1991): A subset of gamma delta lymphocytes is increased during HIV-1 infection. Clin Exp Immunol 83: 187-191.
41. Blais B and the DAIDS Flow Advisory Group. Rationale for Modified PACTG Consensus Panel. Addendum to Version 2.0. http://pactg.s-3.com/pub/download/imm/ flowrationalemodified%200904.doc
42. Conley ME, Notarangelo LD, Etzioni A. An introduction to the Diagnostic Criteria for PID. http://www.esid.org
43. de Vries E, Noordzij JG, Kuijpers TW, van Dongen JJ (2001): Flow cytometric immunophenotyping in the diagnosis and follow-up of immunodeficient children. Eur J Pediatr 160: 583-591.
44. Bonilla FA, Bernstein IL, Khan DA et al. (2005): Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency. Ann Allergy, Asthma Immunol 94 (5 Suppl 1): S1-S63.
45. de Vries E; Clinical Working Party of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) (2006): Patient-centred screening for primary immunodeficiency: a multi-stage diagnostic protocol designed for non-immunologists. Clin Exp Immunol 145: 204-214.
46. Bonilla FA, Geha RS (2006): 2. Update on primary immunodeficiency diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 117 (2 Suppl Mini-Primer): S435-S441.
47. Gennery AR, Cant AJ (2001): Diagnosis of severe combined immunodeficiency. J Clin Pathol 54: 191-195.
48. Fututani T, Miyawaki T, Tsukasa S et al. (1998): Deficient expression of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase in Monocytes from X-linked Agammaglobulinemia as Evaluated by a Flow Cytometric Analysis and Its Clinical Application to Carrier Detection. Blood 91: 595-602.
49. Noordzij JG, de Bruin-Versteeg S, Comans-Bitter WM et al. (2002): Composition of precursor B-cell compartment in bone marrow from patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia compared with healthy children. Pediatr Res 51: 159-168.
50. van Lochern EG, van der Velden VH, Wind HK et al. (2004): Immunophenotypic differentiation patterns of normal hematopoiesis in human bone marrow: reference patterns for age-related changes and disease-induced shifts. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 60: 1-13.
51. O'Gorman MR, Zaas D, Paniaqua M et al. (1997): Development of a rapid whole blood flow cytometry procedure for the diagnosis of X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome patients and carriers. Clin Immunol. Immunopafhol 85: 172-181.
52. O'Gorman MR, DuChateau B, Paniuga M et al. (2001): Abnormal CD40 ligand (CD 154) expression in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 8: 1104-1109.
53. Warnatz K, Denz A, Dräger R et al. (2002): Severe deficiency of switched memory B cells (CD27(+)IgM(-)IgD(-)) in subgroups of patients with common variable immunodeficiency: a new approach to classify a heterogeneous disease. Blood 99: 1544-1551.
54. Remold-O'Donnell E, Zimmerman C, Kenney D, Rosen FS (1987): Expression on blood cells of sialophorin, the surface glycoprotein that is defective in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Blood 70: 104-109.