Mechanisms of formation of the Arabian Sea mini warm pool in a high-resolution Ocean General Circulation Model

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 112, Issue 5, 2007, Pages

  Kurian, Jaison ^a   Vinayachandran, P N ^a  

^a INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HEAT LOSSES; LATENT HEAT; OCEAN CURRENTS; OCEANOGRAPHY; SALINE WATER; THERMODYNAMICS;

ATMOSPHERIC FORCING; CLIMATE FORCING; FORMATION MECHANISM; LATENT HEAT FLUX; OCEANIC CURRENT; OCEANIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; OROGRAPHIC EFFECT; SALINITY; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; STRATIFICATION; TEMPERATURE INVERSION; THERMODYNAMICS; WARM POOL; WARMING;

ARABIAN SEA; ASIA; BAY OF BENGAL; EURASIA; INDIA; INDIAN OCEAN; SOUTH ASIA; WESTERN GHATS;

EID: 41049100319     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2006JC003631     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Bruce, J. G., D. R. Johnson, and J. C. Kindle (1994), Evidence for eddy formation in the eastern Arabian Sea during the northeast monsoon, J. Geophys. Res., 99(C4), 7651-7664.
2. Bruce, J. G., J. C. Kindle, L. H. Kantha, J. L. Kerling, and J. F. Bailey (1998), Recent observations and modeling in the Arabian Sea Laccadive High region, J. Geophys. Res., 103(C4), 7593-7600.
3. Chassignet, E. P., and Z. D. Garraffo (2001), Viscosity parameterization and the Gulf Stream separation, in From Stirring to Mixing in a Stratified Ocean, Proceedings of 'Aha Huliko'a Hawaiian Winter Workshop, January 15-19, 2001, edited by P. Muller and D. Henderson, pp. 37-41, Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.
4. Conkright, M. E., S. Levitus, T. O'Brien, T. P. Boyer, J. I. Antonov, and C. Stephens (1998), World Ocean Atlas 1998 CD-ROM Data Set Documentation, Tech. Rep. 15, Natl. Oceanic Data Cent., Silver Spring, Md.
5. Conkright, M. E., R. A. Locarnini, H. E. Garcia, T. D. O'Brien, T. P. Boyer, J. I. Antonov, and C. Stephens (2002), World Ocean Atlas 2001: Objective Analyses, Data Statistics, and Figures, CD-ROM Documentation, Tech. Rep. 17, Natl. Oceanic Data Cent., Silver Spring, Md.
6. Denman, K. L. (1973), A time-dependent model of the upper ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 3(2), 173-184.
7. Department of Science and Technology (2001), Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment (ARMEX): Science plan, New Delhi.
8. Durand, F., S. R. Shetye, J. Vialard, D. Shankar, S. S. C. Shenoi, C. Ethe, and G. Madec (2004), Impact of temperature inversions on SST evolution in the South-Eastern Arabian Sea during pre-summer monsoon season, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L01305, doi:10.1029/2003GL018906.
9. Durand, F., D. Shankar, C. de Boyer Montégut S. S. C. Shenoi, B. Blanke, and G. Madec (2007), Modelling the barrier-layer formation in the South-Eastern Arabian Sea, J. Clim., in press.
10. Gopalakrishna, V. V., Z. Johnson, G. Salgaonkar, K. Nisha, C. K. Rajan, and R. R. Rao (2005), Observed variability of sea surface salinity and thermal inversions in the Lakshadweep Sea during contrast monsoons, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L18605, doi:10.1029/2005GL023280.
11. Griffies, S. M. (1998), The Gent-McWilliams skew-flux, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28(5), 831-841.
12. Griffies, S. M., A. Gnanadesikan, R. C. Pacanowski, V. Larichev, J. K. Dukowicz, and R. D. Smith (1998), Isoneutral diffusion in a z-coordinate ocean model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28(5), 805-830.
13. Griffies, S. M., M. J. Harrison, R. C. Pacanowski, and A. Rosati (2004), A technical guide to MOM4, GFDL Ocean Group Tech. Rep. 5, Geophys. Fluid Dyn. Lab., Princeton, N. J. (Available at http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov)
14. Han, W., and J. P. McCreary (2001), Modeling salinity distributions in the Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 106(C1), 859-877.
15. Han, W., J. P. McCreary, and K. E. Kohler (2001), Influence of precipitation minus evaporation and Bay of Bengal rivers on dynamics, thermodynamics, and mixed layer physics in the upper Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 106(C4), 6895-6916.
16. Holland, W. R., J. C. Chow, and F. O. Bryan (1998), Application of a third-order upwind scheme in the NCAR ocean model, J. Clim., 11(6), 1487-1493.
17. Howden, S. D., and R. Murtugudde (2001), Effects of river inputs into the Bay of Bengal, J. Geophys. Res., 106(C9), 19,825-19,843.
18. Jensen, T. G. (2001), Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal exchange of salt and tracers in an ocean model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(20), 3967-3970.
19. Jensen, T. G. (2003), Cross-equatorial pathways of salt and tracers from the northern Indian Ocean: Modelling results, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 50(12-13), 2111-2127, doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(03)00048-1.
20. Joseph, P. V. (1990), Warm pool over the Indian Ocean and monsoon onset, Trop. Ocean Atmos. Newsl., Winter, (53), 1-5.
21. Kitoh, A. (2002), Effects of large-scale mountains on surface climate - A coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model study, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 80(5), 1165-1181.
22. Kurian, J., and P. N. Vinayachandran (2006), Formation mechanisms of temperature inversions in the southeastern Arabian Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17611, doi:10.1029/2006GL027280.
23. Large, W. G., J. C. McWilliams, and S. C. Doney (1994), Oceanic vertical mixing: A review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization, Rev. Geophys., 32(4), 363-403.
24. Masson, S., P. Delecluse, J.-P. Boulanger, and C. Menkes (2002), A model study of the seasonal variability and formation mechanisms of the barrier layer in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 107(C12), 8017, doi:10.1029/2001JC000832.
25. Masson, S., et al. (2005), Impact of barrier layer on winter spring variability of the southeastern Arabian Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L07703, doi:10.1029/2004GL021980.
26. McDougall, T. J., D. R. Jackett, D. G. Wright, and R. Feistel (2003), Accurate and computationally efficient algorithms for potential temperature and density of seawater, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 20(5), 730-741.
27. Morel, A., and D. Antoine (1994), Heating rate within the upper ocean in relation to its biooptical state, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24(7), 1652-1665.
28. Rao, R. R., and R. Sivakumar (1999), On the possible mechanisms of the evolution of a mini-warm pool during the pre-summer monsoon season and the onset vortex in the southeastern Arabian Sea, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 125(555 Part A), 787-809.
29. Röske, F. (2001), An atlas of surface fluxes based on the ECMWF Re-Analysis - A climatological data set to force global ocean general circulation models, Tech. Rep. 323, Max-Planck-Inst. für Meteorol., Hamburg, Germany.
30. Shankar, D., and S. R. Shetye (1997), On the dynamics of the Lakshadweep high and low in the southeastern Arabian Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 102(C6), 12,551-12,562.
31. Shankar, D., P. N. Vinayachandran, and A. S. Unnikrishnan (2002), The monsoon currents in the north Indian Ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 52(1), 63-120.
32. Shankar, D., V. V. Gopalakrishna, S. S. C. Shenoi, F. Durand, S. R. Shetye, C. K. Rajan, Z. Johnson, N. Araligidad, and G. S. Michael (2004), Observational evidence for westward propagation of temperature inversions in the southeastern Arabian Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L08305, doi:10.1029/2004GL019652.
33. Shenoi, S. S. C., D. Shankar, and S. R. Shetye (1999), On the sea surface temperature high in the Lakshadweep Sea before the onset of southwest monsoon, J. Geophys. Res., 104(C7), 15,703-15,712.
34. Shenoi, S. S. C., D. Shankar, and S. R. Shetye (2002), Differences in heat budgets of the near-surface Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal: Implications for the summer monsoon, J. Geophys. Res., 107(C6), 3052, doi:10.1029/2000JC000679.
35. Shenoi, S. S. C., D. Shankar, and S. R. Shetye (2004), Remote forcing annihilates barrier layer in southeastern Arabian Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L05307, doi:10.1029/2003GL019270.
36. Shenoi, S. S. C., D. Shankar, V. V. Gopalakrishna, and F. Durand (2005), Role of ocean in the genesis and annihilation of the core of the warm pool in the southeastern Arabian Sea, Mausam, 56(1), 141-160.
37. Shetye, S. R., A. D. Gouveia, S. S. C. Shenoi, G. S. Michael, D. Sundar, A. M. Almeida, and K. Santanam (1991a), The coastal current of western India during the northeast monsoon, Deep Sea Res., 38(12), 1517-1529.
38. Shetye, S. R., S. S. C. Shenoi, A. D. Gouveia, G. S. Michael, D. Sundar, and G. Nampoothiri (1991b), Wind-driven coastal upwelling along the western boundary of the Bay of Bengal during the southwest monsoon, Cont. Shelf Res., 11(11), 1397-1408.
39. Shetye, S. R., A. D. Gouveia, D. Shankar, S. S. C. Shenoi, P. N. Vinayachandran, D. Sundar, G. S. Michael, and G. Nampoothiri (1996), Hydrography and circulation in the western Bay of Bengal during the northeast monsoon, J. Geophys. Res., 101(C6), 14,011-14,025.
40. Smyth, W. D., D. Hebert, and J. N. Moum (1996), Local ocean response to a multiphase westerly wind burst: 2. Thermal and freshwater responses, J. Geophys. Res., 101(C10), 22,513-22,534.
41. Thadathil, P., and A. K. Ghosh (1992), Surface layer temperature inversion in the Arabian Sea during winter, J. Oceanogr., 48(3), 293-304.
42. Vialard, J., and P. Delecluse (1998), An OGCM study for the TOGA decade. Part I: Role of salinity in the physics of western Pacific fresh pool, J. Phys. Oceanogr, 28(6), 1071-1088.
43. Vinayachandran, P. N. (2004), Summer cooling of the Arabian Sea during contrasting monsoons, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L13306, doi:10.1029/2004GL019961.
44. Vinayachandran, P. N., and J. Kurian (2007), Hydrographic observations and model simulation of the Bay of Bengal freshwater plume, Deep Sea Res., Part 1, 54(4), 471-486, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2007.01.007.
45. Vinayachandran, P. N., and S. R. Shetye (1991), The warm pool in the Indian Ocean, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Earth Planet. Sci), 100(2), 165-175.
46. Vinayachandran, P. N., V. S. N. Murty, and V. Ramesh Babu (2002), Observation of barrier layer formation in the Bay of Bengal during summer monsoon, J. Geophys. Res., 107(C12), 8018, doi:10.1029/ 2001JC000831.
47. Vinayachandran, P. N., T. Kagimoto, Y. Masumoto, P. Chauhan, S. R. Nayak, and T. Yamagata (2005), Bifurcation of the East India Coastal Current east of Sri Lanka, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15606, doi:10.1029/2005GL022864.
48. Vörösmarty, C. J., B. Fekete, and B. A. Tucker (1996), River Discharge Database, Version 1.0 (RivDIS v1.0), vols. 0-6, A contribution to IHP-V Theme 1, Technical Documents in Hydrology Series, technical report, U. N. Educ., Sci., and Cult. Org., Paris.
49. Xie, P., and P. A. Arkin (1997), Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78(11), 2539-2558.