Differences in cardiovascular mortality between Australia and New Zealand according to socioeconomic status: Findings from the Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study

New Zealand Medical Journal

Volumn 121, Issue 1269, 2008, Pages 11-23

  Stewart, Ralph A H ^a   North, Fiona M ^b   Sharples, Katrina J ^b   Simes, R John ^b   Tonkin, Andrew M ^b   White, Harvey D ^b  

^a AUCKLAND CITY HOSPITAL   (New Zealand)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM ANTAGONIST; CHOLESTEROL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PLACEBO; PRAVASTATIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE SEVERITY; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; LIPOPROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; LONG TERM CARE; LOWEST INCOME GROUP; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; MULTICENTER STUDY; NEW ZEALAND; OBESITY; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; PROTEIN URINE LEVEL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL STATUS; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL; UNSTABLE ANGINA PECTORIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHI SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; HOSPITALIZATION; INCOME; MIDDLE AGED; SOCIAL CLASS; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS;

ADULT; AGED; AUSTRALIA; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; INCOME; LINEAR MODELS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEW ZEALAND; PRAVASTATIN; RISK FACTORS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SOCIAL CLASS;

EID: 40949123522     PISSN: None     EISSN: 11758716     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Lynch J, Smith GD, Hillemeier M, et al. inequality, the psychosocial environment, and health comparisons of wealthy nations. Lancet. 2001;358:194-200.
2. Yusuf S, Reddy S, Ounpuu. S, Anand S. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases part I: General considerations, the epidemiologic transition, risk factors, and impact of urbanization. Circulation. 2001;104:2746-53.
3. Yusuf S, Reddy S, Ounpuu S, Anand S. Global burden of cardiovascular disVases: Part II: variations in cardiovascular disease by specific ethnic groups and geographic regions and prevention strategies. Circulation. 2001;104:2855-64.
4. Diez Roux AV, Merkin SS, Arnett D, et al. Neighborhood of residence and incidence of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:99-106.
5. Hunink MG, Goldman L, Tosteson AN, et al. The recent decline in mortality from coronary heart disease, 1980-1990: The effect of secular trends in risk factors and treatment. JAMA. 1997;277:535-42.
6. Power C. Health and social inequality in Europe. BMJ. 1994;308:1153-6.
7. Wilkinson RG. A reply to Ken Judge: Mistaken criticisms ignore overwhelming evidence [commentary]. BMJ. 1995;311:1285-7.
8. Lynch JW, Kaplan GA, Shema SJ. Cumulative impact of sustained economic hardship on physical, cognitive, psychological, and social functioning. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1889-95.
9. Kawachi I, Kennedy BP. Health and social cohesion: Why care about income inequality? BMJ. 1997;314:1037-40.
10. WHO Mortality Database [abstract]. http://www.who.int/whosis/en/
11. The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study qroup. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1349-57.
12. The LIPID Study Group. Long-term effectiveness and safety of pravastatin in 9014 patients with coronary heart disease and average cholesterol concentrations: The LIPID trial follow-up. Erratum in: Lancet 2002;360:1430. Lancet. 2002;359:1379-87.
13. Freedman LS, Graubard BI, Schatzkin A. Statistical validation of intermediate endpoints for chronic diseases. Stat Med. 1992; 11: 167-78.
14. Ellis C, White H. PHARMAC and the statin debacle. N Z Med J. 2006; 119(1236). http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/119-1236/2033
15. Boden WE, O'Rourke RA, Teo KK, et al. Optimal Medical Therapy with or without PCI for Stable Coronary Disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1503-16.
16. Mehta SR, Cannon CP, Fox KA, et al. Routine vs selective invasive strategies in patients with acute coronary syndromes: A collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA. 2005;293:2908-17.
17. Stewart RA, White HD, Kirby AC, et al. White blood cell connt predicts reduction in coronary heart disease mortality with pravastatin. Circulation. 2005; 111: 1756-62.
18. Danesh J, Whincup P, Walker M, et al. Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: Prospective study and updated meta-analyses. BMJ. 2000;321:199-204.
19. Capewell S, Beaglehole R, Seddon M, McMurray J. Explanation for the Decline in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Rates in Auckland, New Zealand, Between 1982 and 1993. Circulation. 2000;102:1511-6.
20. Ford ES, Ajani UA, Croft JB, et al. Explaining the decrease in U.S. deaths from coronary disease, 1980-2000. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:2388-98.
21. Tunstall-Pedoe H, Vanuzzo D, Hobbs M, et al. Estimation of contribution of changes in coronary care to improving survival, event rates, and coronary heart disease mortality across the WHO MONICA Project populations. Lancet. 2000;355:688-700.
22. Alter DA, Naylor CD, Austin P, Tu JV. Effects of socioeconomic status on access to invasive cardiac procedures and on mortality after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1359-67.
23. Davey Smith G, Neaton JD, Wentworth D, et al. Socioeconomic differentials in mortality risk among men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: I. White men. Am J Public Health. 1996;86:486-96.
24. Anderson RT, Sorlie P, Backlund E, et al. Mortality effects of community socioeconomic status. Epidemiology. 1997;8:42-7.
25. MacIntyre S, MacIver S, Soomans A. Area, class and health: Should we be focusing on places or people? J Soc Pol. 1993;22:213-34.