The utility of the 6-minute walk test as a measure of frailty in older adults with heart failure

American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 7-12

  Boxer, Rebecca S ^a   Wang, Zhu ^b   Walsh, Stephen J ^b   Hager, David ^c   Kenny, Anne M ^d  

^a CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Center for Biostatistics   (United States)

^c Division of Cardiology   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT HEALTH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXERCISE TEST; FEMALE; GENDER; HEART EJECTION FRACTION; HEART FAILURE; HUMAN; KIDNEY FUNCTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PHENOTYPE; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCORING SYSTEM; WALKING SPEED; WEAKNESS; DISEASE COURSE; EXERCISE TOLERANCE; FRAIL ELDERLY; HEALTH SURVEY; HEART STROKE VOLUME; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; RISK FACTOR; TIME;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; DISEASE PROGRESSION; EXERCISE TEST; EXERCISE TOLERANCE; FEMALE; FRAIL ELDERLY; HEALTH STATUS INDICATORS; HEART FAILURE; HUMANS; MALE; PHENOTYPE; RISK FACTORS; STROKE VOLUME; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 40949115591     PISSN: 10767460     EISSN: 1751715X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1076-7460.2007.06457.x     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1998, 48:633-637.
2. Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001, 56:M146-M156.
3. Newman AB, Gottdiener JS, McBurnie MA. Associations of subclinical cardiovascular disease with frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001, 56:M158-M166. for the, Cardiovascular Health Study Research Group
4. Walston J, McBurnie MA, Newman AB. Frailty and activation of the inflammation and coagulation systems with and without co-morbidities. Arch Intern Med 2002, 162:2333-2341.
5. Enright PL, McBurnie MA, Bittner V. Cardiovascular Health Study. The 6-min walk test: a quick measure of functional status in elderly adults. Chest 2003, 123:387-398.
6. Bittner V, Weiner DH, Yusuf S. Prediction of mortality and morbidity with a 6-minute walk test in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. JAMA 1993, 270:1702-1707. SOLVD Investigators
7. Shah MR, Hasselblad V, Gheorghiade M. Prognostic usefulness of the six-minute walk in patients with advanced congestive heart failure secondary to ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2001, 88:987-993.
8. Rostagno C, Galanti G, Romano M. Prognostic value of 6-minute walk corridor testing in women with mild to moderate heart failure. Ital Heart J 2002, 3:109-113.
9. Orme JG, Reis J, Herz EJ. Factorial and discriminant validity of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. J Clin Psychol 1986, 42:28-33.
10. Washburn RA, Smith KW, Jette AM. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): development and evaluation. J Clin Epidemiol 1993, 46:153-162.
11. Guyatt GH, Sullivan MJ, Thompson PJ. The 6-minute walk: a new measure of exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure. Can Med Assoc J 1985, 132:919-923.
12. Roul G, Germain P, Bareiss P. Does the 6-minute walk test predict the prognosis in patients with NYHA class II or III chronic heart failure. Am Heart J 1998, 136:449-457.
13. Cahalin LP, Mathier MA, Semigran MJ. The six-minute walk test predicts peak oxygen uptake and survival in patients with advanced heart failure. Chest 1996, 110:325-332.
14. Lord SR, Menz HB. Physiologic, psychologic, and health predictors of 6-minute walk performance in older people. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002, 83:907-911.
15. Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Pieper CF. Lower extremity function and subsequent disability: consistency across studies, predictive models, and value of gait speed alone compared with the short physical performance battery. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000, 55:M221-M231.
16. Markides KS, Black SA, Ostir GV. Lower body function and mortality in Mexican American elderly people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001, 56:M243-M247.
17. Onder G, Penninx BW, Ferrucci L. Measures of physical performance and risk for progressive and catastrophic disability: results from the Women's Health and Aging Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2005, 60:74-79.
18. Studenski S, Perera S, Wallace D. Physical performance measures in the clinical setting. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003, 51:314-322.
19. Newman AB, Haggerty CL, Kritchevsky SB. Walking performance and cardiovascular response: associations with age and morbidity-The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2003, 58:715-720. Health ABC Collaborative Research Group
20. Rantanen T, Guralnik JM, Foley D. Midlife hand grip strength as a predictor of old age disability. JAMA 1999, 281:558-560.
21. Rantanen T, Volpato S, Ferrucci L. Handgrip strength and cause-specific and total mortality in older disabled women: exploring the mechanism. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003, 51:636-641.
22. Guralnik JM, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L. A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. J Gerontol 1994, 49:M85-M94.
23. Shlipak MG, Stehman-Breen C, Fried LF. The presence of frailty in elderly persons with chronic renal insufficiency. Am J Kidney Dis 2004, 43:861-867.
24. Bibbins-Domingo K, Lin F, Vittinghoff E. Renal insufficiency as an independent predictor of mortality among women with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004, 44:1593-1600.
25. Smith GL, Shlipak MG, Havranek EP. Race and renal impairment in heart failure: mortality in blacks versus whites. Circulation 2005, 111:1270-1277.
26. Dries DL, Exner DV, Domanski MJ. The prognostic implications of renal insufficiency in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000, 35:681-689.
27. Binder EF, Schechtman KB, Ehsani AA. Effects of exercise training on frailty in community-dwelling older adults: results of a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002, 50:1921-1928.
28. Fiatarone MA, O'Neill EF, Ryan ND. Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people. N Engl J Med 1994, 330:1769-1775.
29. Piña IL, Apstein CS, Balady GJ. Exercise and heart failure: a statement from the American Heart Association Committee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention. Circulation 2003, 107:1210-1225.
30. Exercise training program to improve clinical outcomes in individuals with congestive heart failure. August 20, 2005, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00047437, ClinicalTrials.gov, Accessed