HST spectral imaging of Titan's haze and methane profile between 0.6 and 1 μm during the 2000 opposition

Icarus

Volumn 194, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 721-745

  Anderson, C M ^a   Young, E F ^b   Chanover, N J ^c   McKay, C P ^d  

^a NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^b SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c NEW MEXICO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Atmospheres; Radiative transfer; structure; Titan

Indexed keywords

EID: 40849116447     PISSN: 00191035     EISSN: 10902643     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.11.008     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Anderson C.M., Chanover N.J., McKay C.P., Rannou P., Glenar D.A., and Hillman J.J. Titan's haze structure in 1999 from spatially-resolved narrowband imaging surrounding the 0.94 μm methane window. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 (2004) 10.1029/2004GL019857 L17S06
2. Andrec M., and Prestegard J.H. Metropolis Monte Carlo implementation of Bayesian time-domain parameter estimation: Application to coupling constant estimation from antiphase multiplets. J. Magn. Reson. 130 (1998) 217-232
3. Barth E.L., and Toon O.B. Properties of methane clouds on Titan: Results from microphysical modeling. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 (2004) 10.1029/2004GL019825 L17S07
4. Bohlin R.C., Dickinson M.E., and Calzetti D. Spectrophotometric standards from the far-ultraviolet to the near-infrared: STIS and NICMOS fluxes. Astron. J. 122 (2001) 2118-2128
5. Bouchez A.H., and Brown M.E. Statistics of Titan's south polar tropospheric clouds. Astrophys. J. 618 (2005) L53-L56
6. Brown M.E., Bouchez A.H., and Griffith C.A. Direct detection of variable tropospheric clouds near Titan's south pole. Nature 420 (2002) 795-797
7. Chanover N.J., Anderson C.M., McKay C.P., Rannou P., Glenar D.A., Hillman J.J., and Blass W.E. Probing Titan's lower atmosphere with acousto-optic tuning. Icarus 163 (2003) 150-163
8. Courtin R., Gautier D., and McKay C.P. Titan's thermal emission spectrum: Reanalysis of the Voyager infrared measurements. Icarus 114 (1995) 144-162
9. Coustenis A., Lellouch E., Maillard J.P., and McKay C.P. Titan's surface: Composition and variability from the near-infrared albedo. Icarus 118 (1995) 87-104
10. Flasar F.M., and the CIRS Investigation Team. Titan's atmospheric temperatures, winds, and composition. Science 308 (2005) 975-978
11. Gibbard S.G., Macintosh B., Gavel D., Max C.E., de Pater I., Roe H.G., Ghez A.M., Young E.F., and McKay C.P. Speckle imaging of Titan at 2 microns: Surface albedo, haze optical depth, and tropospheric clouds 1996-1998. Icarus 169 (2004) 429-439
12. Griffith C.A., Owen T., and Wagener R. Titan's surface and troposphere, investigated with ground-based, near-infrared observations. Icarus 93 (1991) 362-378
13. Griffith C.A., Owen T., Miller G.A., and Geballe T. Transient clouds in Titan's lower atmosphere. Nature 395 (1998) 575-578
14. Griffith C.A., Hall J.L., and Geballe T.R. Detection of daily clouds on Titan. Science 290 (2000) 509-513
15. Guez L., Bruston P., Raulin F., and Régnaut C. Importance of phase changes in Titan's lower atmosphere. Tools for the study of nucleation. Planet. Space Sci. 45 (1997) 611-625
16. Helmboldt, J.F., 2005. Star Formation at the Extreme Ends of the Hubble Sequence. Ph.D. thesis, New Mexico State University
17. Karkoschka E. Spectrophotometry of the jovian planets and Titan at 300- to 1000-nm wavelength: The methane spectrum. Icarus 111 (1994) 174-192
18. Khare B.N., Sagan C., Arakawa E.T., Suits F., Callcott T.A., and Williams M.W. Optical constants of organic tholins produced in a simulated Titanian atmosphere-From soft X-ray to microwave frequencies. Icarus 60 (1984) 127-137
19. Lellouch E., Coustenis A., Gautier D., Raulin F., Dubouloz N., and Frere C. Titan's atmosphere and hypothesized ocean-A reanalysis of the Voyager 1 radio-occultation and IRIS 7.7-micron data. Icarus 79 (1989) 328-349
20. Lemmon M.T., Karkoschka E., and Tomasko M. Titan's rotation-Surface feature observed. Icarus 103 (1993) 329-332
21. Lemmon M.T., Karkoschka E., and Tomasko M. Titan's rotational light-curve. Icarus 113 (1995) 27-38
22. Lemmon M.T., Smith P.H., and Lorenz R.D. Methane abundance on Titan, measured by the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. Icarus 160 (2002) 375-385
23. Lorenz R.D., and Lunine J.I. Titan's surface reviewed: The nature of bright and dark terrain. Planet. Space Sci. 45 (1997) 981-992
24. Lorenz R.D., Young E.F., and Lemmon M.T. Titan's smile and collar: HST observations of seasonal change 1994-2000. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 (2001) 4453-4456
25. Lorenz R.D., Smith P.H., and Lemmon M.T. Seasonal change in Titan's haze 1992-2002 from Hubble Space Telescope observations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 (2004) 210702
26. Martin, J.C., 2005. A model of the distribution scattered/diffuse light on the STIS CCD in spectroscopic mode. The HST Treasury Program on Eta Carinae, Technical memo number 6
27. Mayo L.A., and Samuelson R.E. Condensate clouds in Titan's north polar stratosphere. Icarus 176 (2005) 316-330
28. McKay C.P., Pollack J.B., and Courtin R. The thermal structure of Titan's atmosphere. Icarus 80 (1989) 23-53
29. McKay C.P., Martin S.C., Griffith C.A., and Keller R.M. Temperature lapse rate and methane in Titan's troposphere. Icarus 129 (1997) 498-505
30. McKay C.P., Coustenis A., Samuelson R.E., Lemmon M.T., Lorenz R.D., Cabane M., Rannou R., and Drooart P. Physical properties of the organic aerosols and clouds on Titan. Planet. Space Sci. 49 (2001) 79-99
31. Minnaert M. Photometry of the Moon. In: Kuiper G.P., and Middlehurst B.M. (Eds). Planets and Satellites (1961), Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago 213
32. Neckel H., and Labs D. The solar radiation between 3300 and 12500 A. Solar Phys. 90 (1984) 205-258
33. Niemann H., and the Cassini-Huygens GCMS Team. The abundances of constituents of Titan's atmosphere from the GCMS instrument on the Huygens probe. Nature 438 (2005) 779-784
34. Porco C.C., Baker E., Barbara J., Beurle K., Brahic A., Burns J.A., Charnoz S., Cooper N., Dawson D.D., Del Genio A.D., Denk T., Dones L., Dyudina U., Evans M.W., Fussner S., Giese B., Grazier K., Helfenstein P., Ingersoll A.P., Jacobson R.A., Johnson T.V., McEwen A., Murray C.D., Neukum G., Owen W.M., Perry J., Roatsch T., Spitale J., Squyres S., Thomas P., Tiscareno M., Turtle E.P., Vasavada A.R., Veverka J., Wagner R., and West R. Imaging of Titan from the Cassini spacecraft. Nature 434 (2005) 159-168
35. Quijano, J.K., Mobasher, B., 2003. STIS Instrument Handbook, Version 7.0, STScI, Baltimore
36. Rannou P., Cabane M., Chassefiere E., Botet R., McKay C.P., and Courtin R. Titan's geometric albedo: Role of the fractal structure of the aerosols. Icarus 118 (1995) 355-372
37. Rannou P., McKay C.P., and Lorenz R.D. A model of Titan's haze of fractal aerosols constrained by multiple observations. Planet. Space Sci. 51 (2003) 963-976
38. Rannou P., Hourdin F., McKay C.P., and Luz D. A coupled dynamics-microphysics model of Titan's atmosphere. Icarus 170 (2004) 443-462
39. Roe H.G., de Pater I., Macintosh B.A., and McKay C.P. Titan's clouds from Gemini and Keck Adaptive Optics imaging. Astrophys. J. 581 (2002) 1399-1406
40. Roe H.G., Bouchez A.H., Trujillo C.A., Schaller E.L., and Brown M.E. Discovery of temperate latitude clouds on Titan. Astrophys. J. 618 (2005) L49-L52
41. Saha P., and Williams T.B. Unfolding kinematics from galaxy spectra: A Bayesian method. Astron. J. 107 (1994) 1295-1302
42. Samuelson R.E., and Mayo L.A. Steady-state model for methane condensation in Titan's troposphere. Planet. Space Sci. 45 (1997) 949-958
43. 2 ice in Titan's north polar stratosphere. Planet. Space Sci. 45 (1997) 941-948
44. Samuelson R.E., Nath N.R., and Borysow A. Gaseous abundances and methane supersaturation in Titan's troposphere. Planet. Space Sci. 45 (1997) 959-980
45. Smith B.A., and the Voyager Imaging Science Team. Encounter with Saturn-Voyager 1 imaging science results. Science 212 (1981) 163-191
46. Smith P.H., Lemmon M.T., Lorenz R.D., Sromovsky L.A., Caldwell J.J., and Allison M.D. Titan's surface, revealed by HST imaging. Icarus 119 (1996) 336-349
47. Sotin C., Jaumann R., Buratti B.J., Brown R.H., Clark R.N., Soderblom L.A., Baines K.H., Bellucci G., Bibring J.-P., Capaccioni F., Cerroni P., Combes M., Coradini A., Cruikshank D.P., Drossart P., Formisano V., Langevin Y., Matson D.L., McCord T.B., Nelson R.M., Nicholson P.D., Sicardy B., Lemouelic S., Rodriguez S., Stephan K., and Scholz C.K. Release of volatiles from a possible cryovolcano from near-infrared imaging of Titan. Nature 435 (2005) 786-789
48. 4-Model and Titan applications. Icarus 97 (1992) 187-199
49. Tomasko, M.G., Lemmon, M., Roose, L.R., Smith, P.H., Eibl, A., West, R.A., 1997. Models of the penetration of sunlight into the atmosphere of Titan. In: Wilson, A. (Ed.), Proc. ESA Conference. ESA SP-1177, pp. 345-358
50. Tomasko M.G., Archinal B., Becker T., Bézard B., Bushroe M., Combes M., Cook D., Coustenis A., de Bergh C., Dafoe L.E., Doose L., Douté S., Eibl A., Engel S., Gliem F., Grieger B., Holso K., Howington-Kraus E., Karkoschka E., Keller H.U., Kirk R., Kramm R., Küppers M., Lanagan P., Lellouch E., Lemmon M., Lunine J., McFarlane E., Moores J., Prout G.M., Rizk B., Rosiek M., Rueffer P., Schröder S.E., Schmitt B., Smith P., Soderblom L., Thomas N., and West R. Rain, winds and haze during the Huygens probe's descent to Titan's surface. Nature 438 (2005) 765-778
51. Toon O.B., McKay C.P., Courtin R., and Ackerman T.P. Methane rain on Titan. Icarus 75 (1988) 255-284
52. Toon O.B., McKay C.P., Griffith C.A., and Turco R.P. A physical model of Titan's aerosols. Icarus 95 (1992) 24-53
53. Tran T.-T., and Rannou P. Comparing 3D spherical Monte-Carlo and 2-stream parallel plane simulation of far-field backscattering image of Titan. Notes Pôle Plantétologie 2 (2004) 1-18
54. Young E.F., Rannou P., McKay C.P., Griffith C.A., and Noll K. A three-dimensional map of Titan's tropospheric haze distribution based on Hubble Space Telescope imaging. Astron. J. 123 (2002) 3473-3486