Acute bacterial, nonnecrotizing cellulitis in finland: Microbiological findings

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volumn 46, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 855-861

  Siljander, Tuula ^a,e   Karppelin, Matti ^b   Vähäkuopus, Susanna ^a   Syrjänen, Jaana ^b   Toropainen, Maija ^a   Kere, Juha ^a,d   Vuento, Risto ^b   Jussila, Tapio ^c   Vuopio Varkila, Jaana ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^b TAMPERE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^c Tampere City Hospital   (Finland)

^d KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^e NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CEFALEXIN; CLINDAMYCIN; PENICILLIN G;

ACUTE DISEASE; ARTICLE; BACTEREMIA; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; BETA HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS; BLOOD CULTURE; CELLULITIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; ERYSIPELAS; FEMALE; FINLAND; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PHARYNX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULSED FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; RECURRENT INFECTION; SEROTYPING; SKIN ABRASION; SKIN CULTURE; SKIN DEFECT; SKIN FISSURE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STREPTOCOCCUS DYSGALACTIAE EQUISIMILIS; ADULT; AGED; BLOOD; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CLASSIFICATION; CULTURE MEDIUM; FAMILY SIZE; GENETICS; HETEROZYGOTE; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; STREPTOCOCCUS; STREPTOCOCCUS INFECTION;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BLOOD; CARRIER STATE; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CELLULITIS; CULTURE MEDIA; ELECTROPHORESIS, GEL, PULSED-FIELD; FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS; FEMALE; FINLAND; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHARYNX; STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; STREPTOCOCCUS;

EID: 40749132984     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/527388     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft-tissue infections. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41:1373-406.
2. Bonnetblanc JM, Bedane C. Erysipelas: recognition and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2003; 4:157-63.
3. Chartier C, Grosshans E. Erysipelas. Int J Dermatol 1990; 29:459-67.
4. Eriksson B, Jorup-Ronstrom C, Karkkonen K, Sjoblom AC, Holm SE. Erysipelas: clinical and bacteriologic spectrum and serological aspects. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 23:1091-8.
5. Bjornsdottir S, Gottfredsson M, Thorisdottir AS, et al. Risk factors for acute cellulitis of the lower limb: a prospective case-control study. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41:1416-22.
6. Dupuy A, Benchikhi H, Roujeau JC, et al. Risk factors for erysipelas of the leg (cellulitis): case-control study. BMJ 1999; 318:1591-4.
7. Mokni M, Dupuy A, Denguezli M, et al. Risk factors for erysipelas of the leg in Tunisia: a multicenter case-control study. Dermatology 2006; 212:108-12.
8. Roujeau JC, Sigurgeirsson B, Korting HC, Kerl H, Paul C. Chronic dermatomycoses of the foot as risk factors for acute bacterial cellulitis of the leg: a case-control study. Dermatology 2004; 209:301-7.
9. Jorup-Ronstrom C, Britton S. Recurrent erysipelas: predisposing factors and costs of prophylaxis. Infection 1987; 15:105-6.
10. Bisno AL, Stevens DL. Streptococcal infections of skin and soft tissues. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:240-5.
11. Siljander T, Toropainen M, Muotiala A, Hoe NP, Musser JM, Vuopio-Varkila J. emm Typing of invasive T28 group A streptococci, 1995-2004, Finland. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:1701-6.
12. Moody MD, Padula J, Lizana D, Hall CT. Epidemiologic characterization of group A streptococci by T-agglutination and M-precipitation tests in the public health laboratory. Health Lab Sci 1965; 2:149-62.
13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Streptococcus pyogenes emm sequence database: protocol for emm typing. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/biotech/strep/protocol_emm-type.htm. Accessed 3 September 2007.
14. Tanna A, Emery M, Dhami C, Arnold E, Efstratiou A. Molecular characterization of clinical isolates of M non-typable group A streptococci from invasive disease cases. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:1419-23.
15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Streptococcus pyogenes emm sequence database: Blast 2.0 server. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ ncidod/biotech/strep/strepblast.htm. Accessed 3 September 2007.
16. Stanley J, Linton D, Desai M, Efstratiou A, George R. Molecular subtyping of prevalent M serotypes of Streptococcus pyogenes causing invasive disease. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:2850-5.
17. GraphPad Software. Online calculators for scientists. Available at: http://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/index.cfm. Accessed 3 September 2007.
18. Preacher KJ. Calculation for the chi-square test: an interactive calculation tool for chi-square tests of goodness of fit and independence. April 2001. Available at: http://www.quantpsy.org. Accessed 3 September 2007.
19. Cox NH. Oedema as a risk factor for multiple episodes of cellulitis/erysipelas of the lower leg: a series with community follow-up. Br J Dermatol 2006; 155:947-50.
20. Hugo-Persson M, Norlin K. Erysipelas and group G streptococci. Infection 1987; 15:184-7.
21. Ekelund K, Skinhoj P, Madsen J, Konradsen HB. Invasive group A, B, C and G streptococcal infections in Denmark 1999-2002: epidemiological and clinical aspects. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005; 11:569-76.
22. Hindsholm M, Schonheyder HC. Clinical presentation and outcome of bacteraemia caused by beta-haemolytic streptococci serogroup G. APMIS 2002; 110:554-8.
23. Health Protection Agency, U.K. Pyogenic and non-pyogenic streptococcal bacteraemias, England, Wales and Northern Ireland: 2005. Commun Dis Rep Wkly 2006; 16:HCAI. Available at: http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/ strepto/HPAStreptococcalInfectionsEpidemiologicaldata.htm. Accessed 3 September 2007.
24. Sylvetsky N, Raveh D, Schlesinger Y, Rudensky B, Yinnon AM. Bacteremia due to beta-hemolytic streptococcus group G: increasing incidence and clinical characteristics of patients. Am J Med 2002; 112:622-6.
25. Hilmarsdottir I, Valsdottir F. Molecular typing of beta-hemolytic streptococci from two patients with lower-limb cellulitis: identical isolates from toe web and blood specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:3131-2.
26. Jorup-Ronstrom C. Epidemiological, bacteriological and complicating features of erysipelas. Scand J Infect Dis 1986; 18:519-24.
27. Eriksson BK. Anal colonization of group G β-hemolytic streptococci in relapsing erysipelas of the lower extremity. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29:1319-20.
28. Cohen-Poradosu R, Jaffe J, Lavi D, et al. Group G streptococcal bacteremia in Jerusalem. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10:1455-60.
29. Hashikawa S, Iinuma Y, Furushita M, et al. Characterization of group C and G streptococcal strains that cause streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:186-92.
30. Kalia A, Enright MC, Spratt BG, Bessen DE. Directional gene movement from human-pathogenic to commensal-like streptococci. Infect Immun 2001; 69:4858-69.
31. Lopardo HA, Vidal P, Sparo M, et al. Six-month multicenter study on invasive infections due to Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in Argentina. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:802-7.
32. Leclerc S, Teixeira A, Mahe E, Descamps V, Crickx B, Chosidow O. Recurrent erysipelas: 47 cases. Dermatology 2007; 214:52-7.
33. Norrby-Teglund A, Thulin P, Gan BS, et al. Evidence for superantigen involvement in severe group a streptococcal tissue infections. J Infect Dis 2001; 184:853-60.
34. Banks DJ, Beres SB, Musser JM. The fundamental contribution of phages to GAS evolution, genome diversification and strain emergence. Trends Microbiol 2002; 10:515-21.
35. Davies MR, McMillan DJ, Van Domselaar GH, Jones MK, Sriprakash KS. Phage 3396 (P3396) from a Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp equisimilis pathovar may have its origins in Streptococcus pyogenes. J Bacteriol 2007; 189:2646-52.
36. Davies MR, Tran TN, McMillan DJ, Gardiner DL, Currie BJ, Sriprakash KS. Inter-species genetic movement may blur the epidemiology of streptococcal diseases in endemic regions. Microbes Infect 2005; 7:1128-38.
37. Igwe EI, Shewmaker PL, Facklam RR, Farley MM, van Beneden C, Beall B. Identification of superantigen genes speM, ssa, and smeZ in invasive strains of beta-hemolytic group C and Gstreptococci recovered from humans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2003; 229:259-64.
38. Kalia A, Bessen DE. Presence of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A and C genes in human isolates of group G streptococci. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2003; 219:291-5.
39. Kalia A, Bessen DE. Natural selection and evolution of streptococcal virulence genes involved in tissue-specific adaptations. J Bacteriol 2004; 186:110-21.
40. dys). FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2002; 34:159-67.