Palliative Care and Quality of Life

Clinical Gynecologic Oncology

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 669-696

  Monk, Bradley J ^a   Wenzel, Lari ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 40749124152     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-032303978-9.50024-1     Document Type: Chapter

References (164)

1. Special Article: Cancer care during the last phase of life. J Clin Oncol 1998, 16:1986-1996. American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO).
2. Byock I Dying Well: The Prospect for Growth at the End of Life 1997, Riverhead Books, New York.
3. Carducci MA, Blacker SE, Perrone ME, et al. Palliative care in oncology practice. Clin Oncol Updates 1999, 2:1-12.
4. Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life 1997, Committee on End of Life Care, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
5. Dalrymple JL, Levenback C, Wolf JK, et al. Trends among gynecologic oncology inpatient deaths: is end-of-life care improving?. Gynecol Oncol 2002, 85:356-361.
6. Morrison RS, Meier DE Clinical practice. Palliative care. N Engl J Med. 2004, 350:2582-2590.
7. Penson RT, Green KM, Chabner BA, Lynch TJ When does the responsibility of our care end: Bereavement. Oncologist 2002, 7:251-258.
8. Quill TE, Billings JA Palliative care textbooks come of age. Ann Intern Med 1998, 129:590-593.
9. Rabow MW, Schanche K, Petersen J, et al. Patient perceptions of an outpatient palliative care intervention. J Pain Symptom Manage 2003, 26:1010-1015.
10. Ramondetta LM, Tortolero-Luna G, Bodurka DC, et al. Approaches for end-of-life care in the field of gynecologic oncology: an exploratory study. Int J Gyn Ca 2004, 14:580-588.
11. Principles and Practice of Supportive Oncology 1998, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia. A. Berger, R. Portenoy, D. Weissman (Eds.).
12. Doan BD Alternative and complementary therapies. Psycho-Oncology 1998, Oxford University Press, New York. J.C. Holland (Ed.).
13. Dundee JW, Ghaly RG, Fitzpatrick KTJ, et al. Acupuncture prophylaxis of cancer chemotherapy-induced sickness. J R Soc Med 1989, 82:268-271.
14. Berkovitch M, Pope E, Phillips J, et al. Pemoline-associated fulminant liver failure: Testing the evidence for causation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995, 57:696-698.
15. Bruera E, Brenneis C, Paterson AH, et al. Use of methylphenidate as an adjuvant to narcotic analgesics in patients with advanced cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage 1989, 4:3-6.
16. Bruera E, Roca E, Cedaro L, et al. Action of oral methylprednisolone in terminal cancer patients: A prospective randomized double-blind study. Cancer Treat Rep 1985, 69:751-754.
17. Cella D, Davis K, Breitbart W, Curt G. Cancer-Related Fatigue: Prevalence of proposed diagnostic criteria in the United States sample of cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 2001, 19:3385-3391.
18. Cella D, Lai J-S, Chang C-H, Peterman A, Slavin M. Fatigue in cancer patients compared with fatigue in the general United States population. Cancer 2002, 94:528-538.
19. Cella D: Progress Toward the Diagnosis and Management of Cancer-Related Fatigue, 11th MASCC International Symposium Abstract, February 1999.
20. Cella D, Peterman A, Passik S, et al. Progress toward guidelines for the management of fatigue. Oncology 1998, 12:1-9.
21. Cohen AJ, Menter A, Hale L Acupuncture role in comprehensive cancer care: a primer for the oncologist and review of the literature. Integr Cancer Ther 2005, 42:131-143.
22. Glaus A: Qualitative aspects of fatigue in patients with cancer, 11th MASCC International Symposium Abstract, February 1999.
23. Greenburg DB Fatigue. Psycho-oncology 1998, Oxford University Press, New York. J.C. Holland (Ed.).
24. Irvine DM, Vincent L, Bubela N, et al. A critical appraisal of the research literature investigating fatigue in the individual with cancer. Cancer Nurs 1991, 14:188-189.
25. Koeller JM Clinical guidelines for the treatment of cancer-related anemia. Pharmacotherapy 1998, 18:156-169.
26. Lichter I, Hunt E. The last 48 hours of life. J Palliat Care 1990, 6:7-15.
27. Morrow GR, Shelke AR, Roscoe JA, Hickok JT, Mustian K. Management of cancer-related fatigue. Cancer Invest. 2005, 233:229-239.
28. Nail LM, Winningham ML Fatigue and weakness in cancer patients: The symptoms experience. Semin Oncol Nurs 1995, 11:272-278.
29. Portenoy RK, Itri LM Cancer-related fatigue: Guidelines for evaluation and management. Oncologist 1999, 4:1-10.
30. Portenoy RK, Miaskowski C Assessment and management of cancer-related fatigue. Principles and Practice of Supportive Oncology 1998, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia. A. Berger, R.K. Portenoy, D.E. Weissman (Eds.).
31. Sood A, Moynihan TJ Cancer-related fatigue: an update. Curr Oncol Rep. 2005, 4:277-282.
32. Stone P, Richards M, Hardy J. Fatigue in patients with cancer. Eur J Cancer 1998, 34:1670-1676.
33. Tannock I, Gospodarowicz M, Meakin W, et al. Treatment of metastatic prostatic cancer with low-dose prednisone: Evaluation of pain and quality of life as pragmatic indices of response. J Clin Oncol 1989, 7:590-597.
34. Vogelzang N, Breitbart W, Cella D, et al. The patient, caregiver and oncologist perceptions of cancer-related fatigue: Results of a tri-part assessment survey. Semin Hematol 1997, 34:4-12.
35. Wagner L, Cella D. Fatigue and cancer: Causes, prevalence and treatment. Br J Cancer. 2004, 91:922-928.
36. Wenzel L, DeAlba I, Habbal R, et al. Quality of life in long-term cervical cancer survivors. Gynecol Oncol 2005, 97:310-317.
37. The Management of Pain 1990, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, . 2nd ed. J.J. Bonica (Ed.).
38. Brescia FJ, Portenoy RK, Ryan M, et al. Pain, opium use, and survival in hospitalized patients with advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol 1992, 10:149-155.
39. Cain JM, Hammes B. Ethics and pain management: Respecting patient wishes. J Pain Symptom Manage 1993, 8:1-6.
40. Ferrell BA Pain management in elderly people. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991, 39:64-73.
41. Gordon DB, Dahl JL, Miaskowski C, McCarberg B, Todd KH, Paice JA, Lipman AG, Bookbinder M, Sanders SH, Turk DC, Carr DB American pain society recommendations for improving the quality of acute and cancer pain management: American Pain Society Quality of Care Task Force. Arch Intern Med 2005, 165:1574-1580.
42. Hammes B, Cain J. Ethics and pain management: Clinical applications. J Pain Symptom Manage 1993, 8:7-12.
43. Kaiko RF, Foley KM, Grabinski PY, et al. Central nervous system excitatory effects of meperidine in cancer patients. Ann Neurol 1983, 13:180-185.
44. Lee H, Schmidt K, Ernst E. Acupuncture for the relief of cancer-related pain: a systematic review. Eur J Pain. 2005, 4:437-444.
45. Levy MH, Samuel TA Management of cancer pain. Semin Oncol 2005, 322:179-193.
46. Lussier D, Huskey AG, Portenoy RK Adjuvant analgesics in cancer pain management. Oncologist 2004, 9:571-591.
47. Max MB, Payne R Principles of Analgesic Use in the Treatment of Acute Pain and Chronic Cancer Pain 1992, American Pain Society, Skokie, IL. 3rd ed.
48. McQuay HJ, Moore RA An Evidence-Based Resource for Pain Relief 1998, Oxford University Press, New York.
49. Patt RB Cancer Pain 1993, JB Lippincott, Philadelphia.
50. Payne R, Foley KM Cancer pain. Med Clin North Am 1987, 71:153-352.
51. Purohit OP, Anthony C, Radstone CR, et al. High dose intravenous pamidronate for metastatic bone pain. Br J Cancer 1994, 70:554-558.
52. Syrjala KL Integrating medical and psychological treatments for cancer pain. Current and Emerging Issues in Cancer Pain: Research and Practice 1993, Raven Press, New York. C.R. Chapman, K.M. Foley (Eds.).
53. Szeto HH, Inturrisi CE, Houde R, et al. Accumulation of normeperidine, an active metabolite of meperidine, in patients with renal failure of cancer. Ann Intern Med 1977, 86:738-741.
54. Cancer Pain Relief and Palliative Care: Report of a WHO expert committee 1990, World Health Organization, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
55. Aapro MS Present role of corticosteroids as antiemetics: Recent results. Cancer Res 1991, 121:91-100.
56. Bruera E, MacDonald RN, Brenneis C, et al. Metoclopramide infusions with a portable disposable pump. Ann Intern Med 1986, 104:896.
57. Campora E, Merlini L, Pace M, et al. The incidence of narcotic-induced emesis. J Pain Symptom Manage 1991, 6:428-430.
58. Herrstedt J, Sigsgaard T, Boesgaard M, et al. Ondansetron plus metopimazine compared with ondansetron alone in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 1993, 328:1076-1080.
59. Jones AL, Hill AS, Soucop M, et al. Comparison of dexamethasone and ondansetron in the prophylaxis of emesis induced by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Lancet 1991, 338:483-487.
60. Lichter I Results of anti-emetic management in terminal illness. J Palliat Care 1993, 9:19-21.
61. Morrow G, Morrell C. Behavioral treatment for the anticipatory nausea and vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 1982, 307:1476-1480.
62. National Comprehensive Cancer Network Practice Guidelines in Oncology, v.1.2005, (accessed 17 December, 2006). These Guidelines are a work in progress that will be refined as often as significant data becomes available. The NCCN guidelines are a statement of consensus of its authors regarding their views of currently accepted approaches to treatment. Any clinician seeking to apply or consult any NCCN guideline is expected to use the independent judgment in the context of individual clinical circumstances to determine any patient's care or treatment. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network makes no warranties of any kind whatsoever regarding their content, use or application and disclaims any responsibility for their application or use in any way.. These Guidelines are copyrighted by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. All rights reserved.These Guidelines and illustrations herein may not be reproduced in any form for any purpose without express written permission of the NCCN . http://www.nccn.org/.
63. Smith DB, Newland ES, Rustin GJ, et al. Comparison of ondansetron and ondansetron plus dexamethasone as antiemetic prophylaxis during cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. Lancet 1991, 38:487-490.
64. Vincent BJ, McQuiston DJ, Einhorn LH, et al. Review of cannabinoids and their antiemetic effectiveness. Drugs 1983, 25:52-62.
65. Cirisano FD, Greenspoon JS, Stenson R, et al. The etiology and management of diarrhea in the gynecologic oncology patient. Gynecol Oncol 1993, 50:45-48.
66. Mancini I, Bruera E. Constipation in advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer 1998, 6:356-364.
67. Schaefer DC, Cheskin LJ Constipation in the elderly. Am Fam Physician 1998, 58:907-914.
68. Baile W, Buckman R The pocket guide to communication skills in clinical practice including breaking bad news 1998, Medical Audio-visual Communications, Niagara Falls, NY.
69. Doyle D, O'Connell S. Breaking bad news: Starting palliative care. J R Soc Med 1995, 89:590-591.
70. Friedrichsen MJ, Strang PM Doctors' strategies when breaking bad news to terminally ill patients. J Palliat Med. 2003, 6:565-574.
71. Girgis A, Sanson-Fisher RW Breaking bad news: Consensus guidelines for medical practitioners. J Clin Oncol 1995, 13:2449-2456.
72. Maguire P Breaking bad news. Eur J Surg Oncol 1998, 24:188-191.
73. Ptacek JT, Eberhardt TL Breaking bad news: A review of the literature. JAMA 1996, 276:496-502.
74. Anderson BL, Farrar WB, Golden-Kreutz DM, Glader R, Emery CF, Crespin TR, Shapiro CL, Carson WE Psychological, behavioral, and immune changes after a psychological intervention: A clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 2004, 7:3570-3580.
75. Breitbart W, Rosenfeld B, Pessin H, et al. Depression, hopelessness, and desire for hastened death in terminally ill patients with cancer. JAMA 2000, 294:2907-2911.
76. Brown D, Roberts JA, Elkins TE, et al. Hard choices: The gynecologic cancer patient's end-of-life preferences. Gynecol Oncol 1994, 55:355-362.
77. Cain J, Stacy L, Jusenius K, et al. The quality of dying: Financial, psychological, and ethical dilemmas. Obstet Gyncol 1990, 76:149-152.
78. Cassell E The nature of suffering and the goals of medicine. N Engl J Med 1982, 306:639-645.
79. Cella DF Quality of life: The concept. J Palliat Care 1992, 8(3):8-13.
80. duPont N, Dogan-Ates A, Demet A, Monk B, Nelson E, Wenzel L: Neuroendocrine and Immunologic Affects of Chronic Stress on Patients with Cervical Cancer. Western Association of Gynecologic Oncologists Annual Meeting (34th), Santa Fe, NM, June 2005.
81. Guidozzi F Living with ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1993, 50:202.
82. Jaiswal McEligot A, Wenzel L, Largent J, Ziogas A, Anton-Culver H. Factors associated with complementary and alternative medicine use among breast cancer patients with and without a family history of breast or ovarian cancer. Journal of Cancer Integrative Medicine 2004, 2:31-37.
83. Lurie N, Slater J, McGovern P, et al. Preventive care for women: Does the sex of the physician matter?. N Engl J Med 1993, 329:478-482.
84. Small ES, Anderson B, Watring WG, et al. Ovarian carcinoma: Management of stress in patients and physicians. Gynecol Oncol 1983, 15:160.
85. Baines MJ ABC of palliative care: Nausea, vomiting, and intestinal obstruction. Br Med J 1997, 315:1148-1150.
86. Castaldo TW, Petrilli ES, Ballon SC, et al. Intestinal operations in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Obstet Gynecol 1981, 139:80.
87. Jong P, Sturgeon J, Jamieson CG Benefit of palliative surgery for bowel obstruction in advanced ovarian cancer. Can J Surg 1995, 38:454-457.
88. Krebs HB, Goplerud DR Surgical management of bowel obstruction in advanced ovarian carcinoma. Obstet Gynecol 1983, 61:327.
89. Piver MS, Barlow JJ, Lele SB, et al. Survival after ovarian cancer-induced intestinal obstruction. Gynecol Oncol 1982, 13:44.
90. Pothuri B, Meyer L, Gerardi M, Barakat RR, Chi DS Reoperation for palliation of recurrent malignant bowel obstruction in ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2004, 95:193-195.
91. Ripamonti C Management of bowel obstruction in advanced cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 1994, 6:351-357.
92. Rubin SC, Benjamin I, Hoskins WJ, et al. Intestinal surgery in gynecologic oncology. Gynecol Oncol 1989, 34:30-33.
93. Tunca JC, Buchler DA, Mack EA, et al. The management of ovarian-cancer-caused bowel obstruction. Gynecol Oncol 1981, 12:186-192.
94. Ventifredda V, Ripamonti C, Carcenti A, et al. Management of inoperable gastrointestinal obstruction in terminal cancer patients. Tumori 1990, 76:389-393.
95. Von Ooijen B, Van der Burg M, Planting A, et al. Surgical treatment or gastric drainage only for intestinal obstruction in patients with carcinoma of the ovary or peritoneal carcinoma of other origin. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1993, 176:469-474.
96. Campioni N, Pasquali Lasagni R, Vituccl C, et al. Peritoneovenous shunt and neoplastic ascites: A 5-year experience report. J Surg Oncol 1986, 33:31-35.
97. LeVeen HH, Wapnick S, Grosbert S, et al. Further experience with the peritoneovenous stent for ascites. Ann Surg 1976, 184:574-581.
98. Li KW, Wong WS Double valve Denver peritoneal venous shunt used in ovarian malignant ascites: A case report. Chin Med J (Engl) 1989, 102:300-302.
99. Lifshitz S, Buchsbaum HJ The effect of paracentesis on proteins. Gynecol Oncol 1976, 4:347-353.
100. Stanley MM, Odie S, Lee KK, et al. Peritoneovenous stenting as compared with alveoli cirrhosis and massive ascites. N Engl Med 1989, 321:1632-1638.
101. Stuart GC, Nation JG, Snider DD, et al. Intraperitoneal interferon in the management of malignant ascites. Cancer 1993, 71:2027-2030.
102. Van der Lee MJ, van der Bom JG, Swarte NB, et al. Euthanasia and depression: a prospective cohort study among terminally ill cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23:6607-6612.
103. Campagnutta E, Cannizzaro R, Gallo A, et al. Palliative treatment of upper intestinal obstruction by gynecological malignancy: The usefulness of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Gynecol Oncol 1996, 62:103-105.
104. Chan A, Woodruff R. Intestinal obstruction in patients with widespread intraabdominal malignancy. J Pain Symptom Manage 1992, 7:339-342.
105. Cunningham MJ, Bromberg C, Kredentser DC, et al. Percutaneous gastrostomy for decompression in patients with advanced gynecological malignancies. Gynecol Oncol 1995, 59:273-276.
106. Favalli G, et al. The effect of debulking surgery after induction chemotherapy on the prognosis in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecological Cancer Cooperative Group of the European Organization Research and Treatment of Cancer. N Engl J Med 1995, 332:629.
107. Makela J, Kairaluoma MI, Kauppila A. Palliative surgery for intestinal complications of advanced recurrent gynecologic malignancy. Acta Chir Scand 1987, 153:57.
108. Markman M Surgery for support and palliation in patients with malignant disease. Sci Oncol 1995, 22:91-94.
109. Penson R, Cella D, Wenzel L. Quality of Life in Ovarian Cancer. J Reprod Med 2005, 50:407-416.
110. Rubin SC, Hoskins WJ, Benjamin I, et al. Palliative surgery for intestinal obstruction in advanced ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1989, 34:16.
111. Stanhope CR, Symmonds RE Palliative exenteration: what, when, and why?. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985, 152:12-16.
112. Carter J, Ramirez C, Waugh R, et al. Percutaneous urinary diversion in gynecologic oncology. Gynecol Oncol 1991, 40:248.
113. Coddington CC, Thomas JR, Hoskins WJ Percutaneous nephrostomy for ureteral obstruction in patients with gynecologic malignancy. Gynecol Oncol 1984, 18:339.
114. Delgado G Urinary conduit diversion in advanced gynecologic malignancies. Gynecol Oncol 1978, 6:217.
115. Graham JB, Abab RS Ureteral obstruction due to radiation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1967, 99:409.
116. Wilson JR, Urwin GH, Stower MJ The role of percutaneous nephrostomy in malignant ureteric obstruction. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2005, 87:21-24.
117. Boike GM, Sightler SE, Averette HE Treatment of small intestinal fistulas with octreotide: A somatostatin analog. J Surg Oncol 1992, 49:63-65.
118. Brin EN, Schiff M, Weiss RM Palliative urinary diversion for pelvic malignancy. J Urol 1975, 113:619.
119. Chamberlain RS, Kaufman HL, Danforth DN Enterocutaneous fistula in cancer patients: Etiology, management, outcome and impact on further treatment. Am Surgeon 1998, 64:1204-1211.
120. Deitel M, To TB Major intestinal complications of radiotherapy: Management and nutrition. Arch Surg 1987, 122:1421-1424.
121. Fisher HA, et al. Non-operative supravesical urinary diversion in obstetrics and gynecology. Gynecol Oncol 1982, 14:365.
122. Looser KG, Quan SH, Clark DG Colo-urinary-tract fistula in the cancer patient. Dis Colon Rectum 1979, 22:143-148.
123. Miholic J, Schlappack O, Klepetko W, et al. Surgical therapy of radiation-induced small-bowel lesions: Report of 34 cases with a high share of patients with combined chemotherapy. Arch Surg 1987, 122:923-926.
124. Penalver MA, Barreau G, Sevin BU, et al. Surgery for the treatment of locally recurrent disease. JNCI Monographs 1996, (21):117-122.
125. Abitbol MM, Davenport JH Sexual dysfunction after therapy for cervical carcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1974, 119:181-189.
126. Bergmark K, Avall-Lundqvist E, Dickman PW, et al. Vaginal changes and sexuality in women with a history of cervical cancer. N Engl J Med 1999, 340:1383-1389.
127. Bertelsen K Sexual dysfunction after treatment of cervical cancer. Dan Med Bull 1983, 30:31-34.
128. Bruner DW, Lanciano RM, Keegan M, et al. Vaginal stenosis and sexual function following intracavitary radiation for the treatment of cervical and endometrial carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1993, 27:825-830.
129. Corney RH, Crowther ME, Everett H, et al. Psychosexual dysfunction in women with gynaecological cancer following radical pelvic surgery. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1993, 100:73-78.
130. Flay LD, Matthews JHL The effects of radiotherapy and surgery on the sexual function of women treated for cervical cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995, 31:399-404.
131. Robinson JW, Faris PD, Scott CB Psychoeducational group increases vaginal dilation for younger women and reduces sexual fears for women of all ages with gynecological carcinoma treated with radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999, 44:497-506.
132. Schover LR, Fife M, Gershenson DM Sexual dysfunction and treatment for early stage cervical cancer. Cancer 1989, 63:204-212.
133. Seibel MM, Freeman MG, Graves WL Carcinoma of the cervix and sexual function. Obstet Gynecol 1980, 55:484-487.
134. Guidelines on forgoing life-sustaining medical treatment. Pediatrics 1994, 93:532-536. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Bioethics.
135. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: End-of-life decision-making: Understanding the goals of care. ACOG Committee Opinion No.156, 1995.
136. Good care of the dying patient. JAMA 1996, 275:474-478. American Medical Association, Council on Scientific Affairs.
137. Cancer care during the last phase of life. J Clin Oncol 1998, 16:1986-1996. American Society of Clinical Oncology.
138. Billings JA, Block SD Palliative care in undergraduate medical education: Status report and future directions. JAMA 1997, 278:733-738.
139. Burt RA The Supreme Court speaks-not assisted suicide but a constitutional right to palliative care. N Engl J Med 1997, 337:1234-1236.
140. Cate FH, Gill BA The patient self-determination act: Implementation issues and opportunities 1991, The Annenberg Washington Program, Washington, D.C.
141. Cruzan v Director of the Missouri Dept. of Health et al, 497, US 261, 262, 1990.
142. Cassell ES The nature of suffering and the goals of medicine. N Engl J Med 1982, 306:639-645.
143. Committee on Care at the End of Life, Division of Health Care Services, Institute of Medicine: Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life 1997, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. M.J. Field, C.K. Cassel (Eds.).
144. Hillier R Palliative medicine: a new specialty. Br Med J 1988, 297:874-875.
145. Krivickas LS, Shockley L, Mitsumoto H. Home care of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). J Neurol Sci 1997, 152:S82-S89.
146. Puay ME, Llewellyn-Thomas H Assessing preferences about the DNR order: Does it depend on how you ask?. Med Decis Making 1995, 15:209-216.
147. Weissman DE Consultation in palliative medicine. Arch Intern Med 1997, 157:733-737.
148. American Medical Association: Report 5-A-97: Optimal use of orders not to intervene and advance directives, Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. In Proceedings of the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association Annual Meeting, Chicago, 1997.
149. Appelbaum P, Meisel A, Lidz C Informed Consent 1986, Oxford University Press, New York.
150. Blackhall LJ Must we always do CPR?. N Engl J Med 1987, 317:1281-1285.
151. Brody H, Campbell ML, Farber-Langendoen K, et al. Withdrawing intensive life-sustaining treatment recommendations for compassionate clinical management. N Engl J Med 1997, 366:652-656.
152. Medical Futility in End-of-Life Care, Report of the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. JAMA 1999, 281:937-941. Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, American Medical Association.
153. Decision near the end of life. JAMA 1992, 267:2229-2233. Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, American Medical Association.
154. Emanuel EJ, Emanuel LL Four models of the physician-patient relationship. JAMA 1992, 167:2221-2226.
155. Fletcher JC, Siegler M. What are the goals of ethics consultation? A consensus statement. J Clin Ethics 1996, 7:122-136.
156. Gray WA, Capone RJ, Most AS Unsuccessful emergency medical resuscitation: Are continued efforts in the emergency department justified?. N Engl J Med 1991, 329:1393-1398.
157. Miles SH Informed demand for "non-beneficial" medical treatment. N Engl J Med 1991, 325:512-515.
158. Paris JJ, Crone RK, Reardon F. Physicians' refusal of requested treatment: The case of Baby L. N Engl J Med 1990, 322:1012-1015.
159. Schneiderman LJ, Jecker NS, Jonsen AR Medical futility: Its meanings and ethical implication. Ann Intern Med 1990, 112:949-954.
160. Christakis NA, Escarce JJ Survival of Medicare patients after enrollment in hospice programs. N Engl J Med 1996, 335:172-178.
161. Dunphy KP, Amesbury BDW A comparison of hospice and home care patients: Patterns of referral, patient characteristics and predictors of place of death. Palliat Med 1990, 4:105-111.
162. Sager MA, Easterling DV, Kindiz DA, et al. Changes in the location of death after passage of Medicare's prospective payment system. N Engl J Med 1989, 320:433-439.
163. Schonwetter RS, Teasdale TA, Storey P, et al. Estimation of survival time in terminal cancer patients: An impedance to hospice admissions?. Hosp J 1991, 6:65-79.
164. Townsend J, Frank AO, Fermont D, et al. Terminal cancer care and patients' preference for place of death: A prospective study. BMJ 1990, 301:415-417.