Detection and immunochemical characterization of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune diabetes mellitus

Autoimmunity

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 143-153

  Villalba, Anabel ^a   Iacono, Rubén F ^a   Valdez, Silvina N ^a   Poskus, Edgardo ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES   (Argentina)

Author keywords

Diabetes mellitus; Glutamic acid decarboxylase; Immunofluorescence; Markers

Indexed keywords

GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE 65; GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE 65 ANTIBODY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ANIMAL CELL; ANTIBODY BLOOD LEVEL; ANTIBODY DETECTION; ARTICLE; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; CHILD; CHO CELL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DISEASE MARKER; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; FEMALE; GENETIC TRANSFECTION; HUMAN; IMMUNOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE TEST; IMMUNOGOLD LABELING; IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; INFANT; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MATURITY ONSET DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANIMALS; AUTOANTIBODIES; AUTOANTIGENS; AUTOIMMUNITY; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CHILD; CHO CELLS; CRICETINAE; CRICETULUS; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; FEMALE; FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE; GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE; HUMANS; IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; MALE; MICROSCOPY, CONFOCAL; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON; RADIOLIGAND ASSAY; TRANSFECTION;

EID: 40649115026     PISSN: 08916934     EISSN: 1607842X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08916930701783338     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (1997) Report of the Expert Committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 20, pp. 1183-1197.
2. Tuomi, T., Groop, LC, Zimmet, PZ, Rowley, MJ, Knowles, W. and Mackay, IR (1993) Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase reveal latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus in adults with a non-insulin-dependent onset of disease. Diabetes, 42, pp. 359-362.
3. Hagopian, WA, Karlsen, AE, Gottsater, A., Landin-Olsson, M., Grubin, CE, Sundkvist, G., Petersen, JS, Boel, E., Dyrberg, T. and Lernmark, A. (1993) Quantitative assay using recombinant human islet glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) shows that 64K autoantibody positivity at onset predicts diabetes type 1. J Clin Investig, 91, pp. 368-374.
4. Juneja, R. and Palmer, JP (1999) Type 1 1/2 diabetes: Myth or reality?. Autoimmunity, 29, pp. 65-83.
5. Zimmet, P., Turner, R., McCarty, D., Rowley, M. and Mackay, I. (1999) Crucial points at diagnosis. Type 2 diabetes or slow type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 22, pp. B59-B64.
6. Groop, L., Miettinen, A., Groop, PH, Meri, S., Koskimies, S. and Bottazzo, GF (1988) Organ-specific autoimmunity and HLA-DR antigens as markers for beta-cell destruction in patients with type II diabetes. Diabetes, 37, pp. 99-103.
7. Zavala, AV, de Bruno, LE Fabiano, Cardoso, AI, Mota, AH, Capucchio, M., Poskus, E., Fainboim, L. and Basabe, JC (1992) Cellular and humoural autoimmunity markers in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with secondary drug failure. Diabetologia, 35, pp. 1159-1164.
8. Hatziagelaki, E., Jaeger, C., Maeser, E., Bretzel, RG and Federlin, K. (1996) GAD 65 antibody but not ICA positivity in adult-onset diabetic patients is associated with early progression to clinical insulin dependency. Acta Diabetologica, 33, pp. 291-294.
9. Fukui, M., Nakano, K., Shigeta, H., Yoshimori, K., Fujii, M., Kitagawa, Y., Mori, H., Kajiyama, S., Nakamura, N., Abe, N., Obayashi, H., Fukui, I., Ohta, K., Ohta, M. and Kondo, M. (1997) Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in Japanese diabetic patients with secondary failure of oral hypoglycaemic therapy. Diabet Med J Br Diabet Assoc, 14, pp. 148-152.
10. Christgau, S., Schierbeck, H., Aanstoot, HJ, Aagaard, L., Begley, K., Kofod, H., Hejnaes, K. and Baekkeskov, S. (1991) Pancreatic beta cells express two autoantigenic forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, a 65-kDa hydrophilic form and a 64-kDa amphiphilic form which can be both membrane-bound and soluble. J Biol Chem, 266, pp. 21257-21264.
11. Christgau, S., Aanstoot, HJ, Schierbeck, H., Begley, K., Tullin, S., Hejnaes, K. and Baekkeskov, S. (1992) Membrane anchoring of the autoantigen GAD65 to microvesicles in pancreatic beta-cells by palmitoylation in the NH2-terminal domain. J Cell Biol, 118, pp. 309-320.
12. Solimena, M., Aggujaro, D., Muntzel, C., Dirkx, R., Butler, M., De Camilli, P. and Hayday, A. (1993) Association of GAD-65, but not of GAD-67, with the Golgi complex of transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells mediated by the N-terminal region. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 90, p. 30737.
13. McLaughlin, BJ, Wood, JG, Saito, K., Roberts, E. and Wu, JY (1975) The fine structural localization of glutamate decarboxylase in developing axonal processes and presynaptic terminals of rodent cerebellum. Brain Res, 85, pp. 355-371.
14. Reetz, A., Solimena, M., Matteoli, M., Folli, F., Takei, K. and De Camilli, P. (1991) GABA and pancreatic beta-cells: Colocalization of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA with synaptic-like microvesicles suggests their role in GABA storage and secretion. EMBO J, 10, pp. 1275-1284.
15. Maycox, PR, Hell, JW and Jahn, R. (1990) Amino acid neurotransmission: Spotlight on synaptic vesicles. Trends Neurosci, 13, pp. 83-87.
16. Thomas-Reetz, A., Hell, JW, During, MJ, Walch-Solimena, C., Jahn, R. and De Camilli, P. (1993) A gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter driven by a proton pump is present in synaptic-like microvesicles of pancreatic beta cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 90, pp. 5317-5321.
17. Solimena, M., Dirkx, RJ, Radzynski, M., Mundigl, O. and De Camilli, P. (1994) A signal located within amino acids 1-27 of GAD65 is required for its targeting to the Golgi complex region. J Cell Biol, 126, pp. 331-341.
18. Shi, Y., Veit, B. and Baekkeskov, S. (1994) Amino acid residues 24-31 but not palmitoylation of cysteines 30 and 45 are required for membrane anchoring of glutamic acid decarboxylase, GAD65. J Cell Biol, 124, pp. 927-934.
19. Baekkeskov, S., Nielsen, JH, Marner, B., Bilde, T., Ludvigsson, J. and Lernmark, A. (1982) Autoantibodies in newly diagnosed diabetic children immunoprecipitate human pancreatic islet cell proteins. Nature, 298, pp. 167-169.
20. Baekkeskov, S., Aanstoot, HJ, Christgau, S., Reetz, A., Solimena, M., Cascalho, M., Folli, F., Richter-Olesen, H., DeCamilli, P. and Camilli, PD (1990) Identification of the 64K autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes as the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase. Nature, 347, pp. 151-156.
21. Tuomi, T., Rowley, MJ, Knowles, WJ, Chen, QY, McAnally, T., Zimmet, PZ and Mackay, IR (1994) Autoantigenic properties of native and denatured glutamic acid decarboxylase: Evidence for a conformational epitope. Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 71, pp. 53-59.
22. Papouchado, ML, Ermacora, MR and Poskus, E. (1996) Detection of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) autoantibodies by indirect immunofluorescence using CHO cells expressing recombinant human GAD65. J Autoimmun, 9, pp. 689-697.
23. Atkinson, MA and Maclaren, NK (1993) Islet cell autoantigens in insulin-dependent diabetes. J Clin Investig, 92, pp. 1608-1616.
24. Grubin, CE, Daniels, T., Toivola, B., Landin-Olsson, M., Hagopian, WA, Li, L., Karlsen, AE, Boel, E., Michelsen, B. and Lernmark, A. (1994) A novel radioligand binding assay to determine diagnostic accuracy of isoform-specific glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in childhood IDDM. Diabetologia, 37, pp. 344-350.
25. Colman, PG, Nayak, RC, Campbell, IL and Eisenbarth, GS (1988) Binding of cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies is blocked by human pancreatic glycolipid extracts. Diabetes, 37, pp. 645-652.
26. Genovese, S., Bonifacio, E., McNally, JM, Dean, BM, Wagner, R., Bosi, E., Gale, EA and Bottazzo, GF (1992) Distinct cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies with different risks for type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia, 35, pp. 385-388.
27. Marshall, MO, Hoyer, PE, Petersen, JS, Hejnaes, KR, Genovese, S., Dyrberg, T. and Bottazzo, GF (1994) Contribution of glutamate decarboxylase antibodies to the reactivity of islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies. J Autoimmun, 7, pp. 497-508.
28. Chang, YC and Gottlieb, DI (1988) Characterization of the proteins purified with monoclonal antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase. J Neurosci, 8, pp. 2123-2130.
29. Gottlieb, DI, Chang, YC and Schwob, JE (1986) Monoclonal antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 83, pp. 8808-8812.
30. Papouchado, ML, Valdez, SN, Ermacora, MR, Ganan, S. and Poskus, E. (1997) Highly-sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for GAD65 autoantibodies using a thioredoxin-GAD65 fusion antigen. J Immunol Methods, 207, pp. 169-178.
31. Sica, MP, Primo, ME, Ermacora, MR and Poskus, E. (2003) High-yield expression of properly folded insulinoma-associated protein intracellular domain (IA-2ic) in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 37, pp. 301-309.
32. Valdez, SN, Iacono, RF, Villalba, A., Cardoso-Landaburu, A., Ermacora, MR and Poskus, E. (2003) A radioligand-binding assay for detecting antibodies specific for proinsulin and insulin using 35S-proinsulin. J Immunol Methods, 279, pp. 173-181.
33. Santos, J., Anton, EA, Buslje, CM, Valdez, SN, Villanueva, AL, Sica, M., Iacono, R., Maffia, P., Poskus, E. and Ermacora, MR (2000) Replacement of methionine-161 with threonine eliminates a major by-product of human glutamate decarboxylase 65-kDa variant expression in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 31, pp. 205-212.
34. Brorson, SH (1996) Improved immunogold labeling of epoxy sections by the use of propylene oxide as additional agent in dehydration, infiltration and embedding. Micron, 27, pp. 345-353.
35. Brorson, SH, Roos, N. and Skjorten, F. (1994) Antibody penetration into LR-white sections. Micron, 25, pp. 453-460.
36. Christie, MR, Pipeleers, DG, Lernmark, A. and Baekkeskov, S. (1990) Cellular and subcellular localization of an Mr 64,000 protein autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes. J Biol Chem, 265, pp. 376-381.
37. Verge, CF, Howard, NJ, Rowley, MJ, Mackay, IR, Zimmet, PZ, Egan, M., Hulinska, H., Hulinsky, I., Silvestrini, RA and Kamath, S. (1994) Anti-glutamate decarboxylase and other antibodies at the onset of childhood IDDM: A population-based study. Diabetologia, 37, pp. 1113-1120.
38. Bonifacio, E., Genovese, S., Braghi, S., Bazzigaluppi, E., Lampasona, V., Bingley, PJ, Rogge, L., Pastore, MR, Bognetti, E. and Bottazzo, GF (1995) Islet autoantibody markers in IDDM: Risk assessment strategies yielding high sensitivity. Diabetologia, 38, pp. 816-822.
39. Falorni, A., Ortqvist, E., Persson, B. and Lernmark, A. (1995) Radioimmunoassays for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) and GAD65 autoantibodies using 35S or 3H recombinant human ligands. J Immunol Methods, 186, pp. 89-99.
40. Berzofsky, JA and Schechter, AN (1981) The concepts of crossreactivity and specificity in immunology. Molecular Immunol, 18, pp. 751-763.
41. Sodoyez-Goffaux, F., Koch, M., Dozio, N., Brandenburg, D. and Sodoyez, JC (1988) Advantages and pitfalls of radioimmune and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays of insulin antibodies. Diabetologia, 31, pp. 694-702.
42. Stumpo, RR, Llera, AS, Cardoso, AI and Poskus, E. (1994) Solid versus liquid phase assays in detection of insulin antibodies. Influence of iodination site on labelled insulin binding. J Immunol Methods, 169, pp. 241-249.
43. Christie, MR, Vohra, G., Champagne, P., Daneman, D. and Delovitch, TL (1990) Distinct antibody specificities to a 64-kD islet cell antigen in type 1 diabetes as revealed by trypsin treatment. J Exp Med, 172, pp. 789-794.