Enzymes of the shikimic acid pathway encoded in the genome of a basal metazoan, Nematostella vectensis, have microbial origins

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 105, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 2533-2537

  Starcevic, Antonio ^a,b   Akthar, Shamima ^c   Dunlap, Walter C ^d   Shick, J Malcolm ^e   Hranueli, Daslav ^a   Cullum, John ^b   Long, Paul F ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB   (Croatia)

^b University of Koblenz Landau   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^d AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE   (Australia)

^e UNIVERSITY OF MAINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cnidaria; Symbiosis; Tenacibaculum

Indexed keywords

ENZYME; RNA 16S; SHIKIMIC ACID;

ARTICLE; BIOGENESIS; BIOINFORMATICS; DINOFLAGELLATE; EUKARYOTIC CELL; GENETIC ANALYSIS; METAZOON; MICROORGANISM; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NEMATOSTELLA VECTENSIS; NONHUMAN; PHYLOGENY; PLESIOMORPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RNA SEQUENCE; ANIMAL; CLASSIFICATION; ENZYMOLOGY; GENETICS; GENOME; METABOLISM; SEA ANEMONE;

ANIMALIA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CNIDARIA; DINOPHYCEAE; EUKARYOTA; FLAVOBACTERIACEAE; FUNGI; METAZOA; NEMATOSTELLA VECTENSIS; PROTOZOA; TENACIBACULUM;

ANIMALS; GENOME; PHYLOGENY; SEA ANEMONES; SHIKIMIC ACID;

EID: 40649111872     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0707388105     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Muscatine L (1990) Coral reefs in Ecosystems of the World, ed Dubinsky Z (Elsevier, Amsterdam), Vol 35, pp 75-87.
2. Cook CB, D'Elia CF (1987) Host feeding and nutrient sufficiency for zooxanthellae in the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida. Symbiosis 4:199-212.
3. Allemand D, Furla P, Benazet-Tambutté S (1998) Mechanisms of carbon acquisition for endosymbiont photosynthesis in Anthozoa. Can J Bot 76:925-941.
4. Furla P, et al. (2005) The symbiotic Cnidarian: A physiological chimera between alga and animal. Integr Comp Biol 45:595-604.
5. Shick JM, Dunlap WC (2002) Mycosporine-like amino acids and related Gadusols: Biosynthesis, acumulation, and UV-protective functions in aquatic organisms. Annu Rev Physiol 64:223-262.
6. Favre-Bonvin J, Bernillon J, Salin N, Arpin N (1987) Biosynthesis of mycosporines: mycosporine glutaminol in Trichothecium roseum. Phytochemistry 29:2509-2514.
7. Shick JM, Romaine-Lioud S, Ferrier-Pagès C, Gattuso J -P (1999) Ultraviolet-B radiation stimulates shikimate pathway-dependent accumulation of mycosporine-like amino acids in the coral Stylophora pistillata despite decreases in its population of symbiotic dinoflagellates. Limnol Oceanogr 44:1667-1682.
8. Portwich A, Garcia-Pichel F (2003) Biosynthetic pathway of mycosporines in the cyanobacterium Chlorogloeopsis PCC 6912. Phycologia 42:384-392.
9. Shick JM, Dunlap WC, Pearse JS, Pearse VB (2002) Mycosporine-like amino acid content in four species of sea anemones in the genus Anthopleura reflects phylogenetic but not environmental or symbiotic relationships. Biol Bull 203:315-330.
10. Herrmann KM, Weaver LM (1999) The shikimate pathway. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Mol Biol 50:473-503.
11. Fitzgerald LM, Szmant AM (1997) Biosynthesis of "essential" amino acids by scleractinian corals. Biochem J 322:213-221.
12. Wang J, Douglas AE (1998) Nitrogen recycling or nitrogen conservation in an algainvertebrate symbiosis? J Exp Biol 201:2445-2453.
13. Stochaj WR, Dunlap WC, Shick JM (1994) Two new UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids from the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima and the effects of zooxanthellae and spectral irradiance on chemical composition and content. Mar Biol 118:149-156.
14. Banaszak AT, Trench RK (2001) Ultraviolet sunscreens in dinoflagellates. Protist 152:93-101.
15. Banaszak AT, LaJeunesse TC, Trench RK (2000) Synthesis of MAA by symbiotic dinoflagellates in culture. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 249:219-233.
16. Banaszak AT, Santos MGB, LaJeunesse TC, Lesser MP (2006) The distribution of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and the phylogenetic identity of symbiotic dinoflagellates in cnidarian hosts from the Mexican Caribbean. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 337:131-146.
17. De la Cruz R, Davies J (2000) Horizontal gene transfer and the origin of species: Lessons from bacteria. Trends Microbiol 8:128-133.
18. Steele RE, Hampson SE, Stover NA, Kibler DF, Bode HR (2004) Probable horizontal transfer of a gene between a protist and a cnidarian. Curr Biol 14:R298-R299.
19. Darling JA, et al. (2005) Rising starlet: The starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis. BioEssays 27:211-221.
20. Putnam NH, et al. (2007) Sea anemone genome reveals ancestral eumetazoan gene repertoire and genomic organization. Science 317: 86-94.
21. Sullivan JC, et al. (2006) StellaBase: The Nematostella vectensis Genomics Database. Nucleic Acids Res 34:D495-D499.
22. Richards TA, et al. (2006) Evolutionary origins of the eukaryotic shikimate pathway: Gene fusions, horizontal gene transfer, and endosymbiotic replacements. Eukaryot Cell 5:1517-1531.
23. Eddy SR (1988) Profile hidden Markov models. Bioinformatics 14:755-763.
24. Bateman A, et al. (2002) The Pfam protein families database. Nucleic Acids Res 30:276-280.
25. Waller RF, Slamovits CH, Keeling PJ (2006) Lateral gene transfer of a multigene region from cyanobacteria to dinoflagellates resulting in a novel plastid-targeted fusion protein. Protein Mol Biol Evol 23:1437-1443.
26. Technau U, et al. (2005) Maintenance of ancestral complexity and nonmetazoan genes in two basal cnidarians. Trends Genet 21:633-639.
27. Kondrashov FA, Koonin EV, Morgunov IG, Finogenova TV, Kondrashova MN (2006) Evolution of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Metazoa: Evidence of multiple horizontal transfer events and pseudogene formation. Biol Direct 1:31.
28. Habetha M, Bosch TC (2005) Symbiotic Hydra express a plant-like peroxidase gene during oogenesis. J Exp Biol 208:2157-2165.
29. Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215:403-410.
30. Delcher AL, Bratke KS, Powers EC, Salzberg SL (2007) Identifying bacterial genes and endosymbiont DNA with Glimmer. Bioinformatics 23:673-697.
31. Margulis L, Thorington G, Berger B, Stolz J (1978) Endosymbiotic bacteria associated with the intracellular green algae of Hydra viridis. Curr Microbiol 1:229-232.
32. Palincsar EE, Jones WR, Palincsar JS, Glogowski MA, Mastro JL (1989) Bacterial aggregates within the epidermis of the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida. Biol Bull 177:130-140.
33. Fraune S, Bosch TC (2007) Long-term maintenance of species-specific bacterial microbiota in the basal metazoan Hydra. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:13146-13151.
34. Schuett C, Doepke H, Grathoff A, Gedde M (2007) Bacterial aggregates in the tentacles of the sea anemone Metridium senile. Helgol Mar Res 61:211-216.
35. Rosenberg E, Loya Y, eds (2004) Coral Health and Disease (Springer, Berlin).
36. Baldo L, et al. (2007) Multilocus sequence typing system for the endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:7098-7110.
37. Andersson SGE (2006) Genetics: The bacterial world gets smaller. Science 314:259-260.
38. Pérez-Brocal V, et al. (2006) A small microbial genome: The end of a long symbiotic relationship? Science 314:312-313.