Optimizing control of pain from severe burns: A literature review

American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis

Volumn 47, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 43-54

  Patterson, David R ^a   Hoffman, Hunter G ^a   Weichman, Shelley A ^a   Jensen, Mark P ^a   Sharar, Sam R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANESTHETIC AGENT; ANXIOLYTIC AGENT; DIHYDROMORPHINE; FENTANYL; KETAMINE; LORAZEPAM; MORPHINE; NARCOTIC ANALGESIC AGENT; NITROUS OXIDE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OXYCODONE; PROPOFOL; TRANQUILIZER;

ANALGESIA; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; BURN; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; HUMAN; HYPNOSIS; IMAGERY; PAIN; REVIEW;

ANALGESICS, OPIOID; ATTENTION; BURNS; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; HUMANS; HYPNOSIS; PAIN; PAIN MEASUREMENT; USER-COMPUTER INTERFACE;

EID: 4043152728     PISSN: 00029157     EISSN: 21600562     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2004.10401474     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Anand, K. J. & Hickey, P. R. (1987). Pain and its effects in the human neonate and fetus. New England Journal of Medicine, 317(21), 1321-1329.
2. Angell, M. (1982). The quality of mercy. New England Journal of Medicine, 306, 98.
3. Arendt-Nielsen, L., Zachariae, R., & Bjerring, P. (1990). Quantitative evaluation of hypnotically suggested hyperaesthesia and analgesia by painful laser stimulation. Pain, 42(2), 243-251.
4. Banos, J. E., Ruiz, G., & Guardiola, E. (2001). An analysis of articles on neonatal pain published from 1965 to 1999. Pain Research and Management, 6(1), 45-50.
5. Barabasz, A. F. & Lonsdale, C. (1983). Effects of hypnosis on P300 olfactory evoked potential amplitudes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 92, 520-523.
6. Bernstein, N. (1965). Observations on the use of hypnosis with burned children on a pediatric ward. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 13,1-9.
7. Botella, C., Banos, R., Villa, H., Peipina, C., & Garcia-Palacios, A. (2000). Virtual reality in the treatment of claustrophobia: A controlled multiple baseline design. Behavior Therapy, 31, 583-595.
8. Botella, C., Banos, R. M., Perpina, C., Villa, H., Alcaniz, M., & Rey, M. (1998). Virtual reality treatment of claustrophobia: A case report. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36,239-246.
9. Bowers, K. S. (1992). Imagination and dissociation in hypnotic responding. Internatonal Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 40(A), 253-275.
10. Breitbart, W., Rosenfled, B. D., Passik, S. D., McDonald, M. V., Thaler, H., & Portenoy, R. K. (1996). The undertreatment of pain in ambulatory AIDS patients. Pain, 65,243-249.
11. Brown, C., Albrecht, R., Pettit, H., McFadden, T., & Schermer, C. (2000). Opioid and benzodiazepine withdrawl syndrome in adult burn patients. American Surgeon, 55,367-370.
12. Carlin, A. S., Hoffman, H. G., & Weghorst, S. (1997). Virtual reality and tactile augmentation in the treatment of spider phobia: A case study. Behavior Research and Therapy, 35, 153-158.
13. Carr, E. C. J., & Thomas, V. J. (1997). Anticipating and experiencing post-operative pain: the patients’ perspective. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 5, 191-201.
14. Carrougher, G., & Patterson, D. (2002). Assessing Patients Pain Satisfaction. Paper presented at the 2002 American Burn Association Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL.
15. Chapman, C. R. (1985). Psychological factors in postoperative pain and their treatment. In G. Smith & B. G. Covino (Eds.), Acute Pain (pp. 22-41). London: Butterworths.
16. Chapman, C. R., & Bonica, J. J. (1983). Acute Pain: The Upjohn Company.
17. Chemy, N., Ripamonti, C., Pereira, J., Davis, C., Fallon, M., McQuay, H., et al. (2001). Strategies to manage the adverse effects of oral morphine: An evidence-based report. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19, 2542-2554.
18. Chien, S. (1967). Role of the sympathetic nervous system in hemorrhage. Physiological Review, 47,214-288.
19. Choiniere, M., Grenier, R., & Paquette, C. (1992). Patient-controlled analgesia: a double blind study in burn patients. Anaesthesia, 47, 467-472.
20. Cohen, F. (1979). Personality, stress and the development of physical illness. In G. C. Stone, F. Cohen & N. E. Adler (Eds.), Health Psychology: A Handbook (pp. 77-111). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
21. Crawford, H. J. (1989). Cognitive and physiological flexibility: Multiple pathways to hypnotic responsiveness. In V. Ghorghui, P. Netter, H. Eysenck & R. Rosenthal (Eds.), Suggestion and Suggestibility: Theory and research (pp. 155-168). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
22. Crawford, H. J. (1990). Cognitive and psychophysiological correlates of hypnotic responsiveness and hypnosis. In M. L. Mass, & D. Brown, (Ed.), Creative mastery in hypnosis and hypnoanalysis: A Festschrift for Erika Fromm (pp. 47-54). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
23. Crawford, H. J. (1991). The hypnotizable brain: Attentional and disattentional processes. Paper presented at the 42nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, New Orleans, LA.
24. Crawford, H. J. (1994). Brain dynamics and hypnosis: Attentional and disattentional processes. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 42(3), 204-232.
25. Crawford, H. J., Brown, A. M., & Moon, C. E. (1993). Sustained attentional and disattentional abilities: Differences between low and highly hypnotizable persons. Journal'of Abnormal'Psychology, 102(4), 534-543.
26. Crawford, H. J., Gur, R. C., Skolnick, B., Gur, R. E., & Benson, D. (1993). Effects of hypnosis on regional cerebral blood flow during ischemic pain with and without suggested hypnotic analgesia. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 15,189.
27. Crawford, H. J., Knebel, T., Kaplan, L., Vendemia, J. M., Xie, M., Jamison, S., et al. (1998). Hypnotic analgesia: 1. Somatosensory event-related potential changes to noxious stimuli and 2. Transfer learning to reduce chronic low back pain. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 46(1), 92-132.
28. De Pascalis, V., & Perrone, M. (1996). EEG asymmetry and heart rate during experience of hypnotic analgesia in high and low hypnotizables. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 21(2-3), 163-175.
29. Difede, J., & Hoffman, H. G. (2002). Virtual reality exposure therapy for World Trade Center Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: A case report. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 5:529-536.
30. Ducharme, J. (2000). Acute pain and pain control: state of the art. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 35(6), 592-603.
31. Eland, J. M., & Anderson, J. E. (1977). The experience of pain in children. In A. Jacox (Ed.), Pain: A source book for nurses and other health professionals (pp. 453-473). Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
32. Engel, J. M., Kartin, D., & Jensen, M. P. (2002). Pain treatment in persons with cerebral palsy: frequency and helpfulness. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81(A), 291-296.
33. Feldt, K. S. & Oh, H. L. (2000). Pain and hip fracture outcomes for older adults. Orthopedic Nursing, 19(6), 35-44.
34. Fernandez, E., & Turk, D. C. (1989). The utility of cognitive coping strategies for altering pain perception: a meta-analysis. Porn, 38,123-135.
35. Finer, B. L. & Nylen, B. O. (1961). Cardiac arrest in the treatment of burns, and report 011 hypnosis as a substitute for anesthesia. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 27(1), 49-55.
36. Foertsch, C. E., O'Hara, M. W., Stoddard, F. J., & Kealey, G. P. (1996). Parent participation during burn debridement in relation to behavioral distress. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 17(4). 372-377.
37. Frank-Stromborg, M., & Christensen, A. (2001). A serious look at the undertreatment of pain: Part 1. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 5(5), 235-236.
38. Freed, D. L. J. (1976). Inadequate analgesia at night. Lancet, 1, 519-520.
39. Freeman, R., Barabasz, A., Barabasz, M., & Warner, D. (2000). Hypnosis and distraction differ 111 their effects 011 cold pressor pain. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 45(2), 137-148.
40. Garcia-Palacios, A., Hoffman, H.G., Carlin, C., Fumess, T.A., & Botella-Arbona, C. (2002). Virtual reality in the treatment of spider phobia: A controlled study. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 40:983-993.
41. Goldstein, B. (2001). Musculoskeletal upper limb pains. In J. D. Loeser (Ed.). Bonica’s management of pain (3rd ed., pp. 1032-1059). Philadelphia, PA: Lippiucot, Williams, & Wilkins.
42. Gruzelier, J. H. (1990). Neuropsychophysiological investigations of hypnosis: Cerebral laterality and beyond. In R. Van Dyck, P. H. Spinhoven & A. L. W. Van Der Does (Eds.). Hypnosis: Theory, research and clinical practice (pp. 38-51). Amsterdam: Free University Press.
43. Hilgard, E. R. & Hilgard, J. R. (1975). Hypnosis in the relief of pain. Los Altos, CA: William Kaufmann, Inc.
44. Hoffman, H. G. (1998). Physically touching virtual objects using tactile augmentation enhances the realism of virtual environments. Paper presented at the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium’98, Atlanta, GA.
45. Hoffman, H. G., Doctor, J. N., Patterson, D. R., Carrougher, G. J., & Furness, T. A., 3rd. (2000). Use of virtual reality as an adjunctive treatment of adolescent burn pain during wound care: A case report. Pain, 55(1-2), 305-309.
46. Hoffman, H. G., Garcia-Palacios, A., Kapa, V. A., Beecher, J., & Sliarar, S. R. (2003). Immersive virtual reality for reducing experimental ischemic pain. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction.
47. Hoffman, H. G., Patterson, D. R., & Carrougher, G. J. (2000). Use of virtual reality for adjunctive treatment of adult burn pain during physical therapy: a controlled study. Clinical Journal of Pain, 16(3), 244-250.
48. Hoffman, H., Garcia-Palacios, A., Everett, J., & Sliarar, S. (in press). The influence of manipulating presence on the magnitude of virtual reality analgesia. Pain.
49. Holroyd, J. (1996). Hypnosis treatment of clinical pain: Understanding why hypnosis is useful. International Journal of of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 44, (1).
50. Jacob, E. & Puntillo, K. A. (2000). Variability of analgesic practices for hospitalized children 011 different pediatric specialty units. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 20(1), 59-67.
51. JCAHO. (2000). Pain Management Across the Continuum of Care: The Patient’s Experience. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: Joint Commission Resources.
52. Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
53. Katz, W. A. (2002). Musculoskeletal pain and its socioeconomic implications. Clinical Rheumatology, 21 Supplement 1. S2-4.
54. Kielcot-Glasaer, J. K. & Glaser, R. (1995). Psychoneuroimmunology and health consequences: Data and shared mechanisms. Psychosomatic Medicine, 57, 269-274.
55. Kieman, B., Dane, J., Phillips, L., & Price, D. (1995). Hypnotic analgesia reduces R-III nociceptive reflex: Further evidence concerning the multifactorial nature of hypnotic analgesia. Pain, 60, 39-47.
56. Kirsch, I. & Lynn, S. J. (1995). The altered state of hypnosis. American Psychologist, 50(10), 846-858.
57. Knudson-Cooper, M. S. (1981). Relaxation and biofeedback training in the treatment of severely burned children. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 2(2), 102-110.
58. Lang, E. V., Benotsch, E. G., Fick, L. J., Lutgendorf, S., Berbaum, M. L., Berbaum, K. S., et al. (2000). Adjunctive uon-pharmacological analgesia for invasive medical procedures: a randomised trial. Lancet, 355(9214), 1486-1490.
59. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer.
60. Mackersie, R. C., & Karagianes, T. G. (1990). Pam management following trauma and burns. Anesthesiology Clinics of North America, 7, 433-449.
61. Martin-Herz, S. P., Patterson, D. R., Ptacek, J. T., Finch, C. P., & Heimbach, D. M. (1998). Impact of inpatient pain on long term adjustment in adult burn patients: An update. Paper presented at the American Burn Association, Chicago, IL.
62. Melzack, R. (1990). The tragedy of needless pain. Scientific American, 262(2), 27-33.
63. Melzack, R. & Wall, P. (1973). The challenge of pain. New York: Basic Books.
64. Miller, A. C., Hickman, L. C., & Lemasters, G. K. (1992). A distraction technique for control of burn pain. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 13(5), 576-580.
65. Miller, M. F., Barabasz, A. F., & Barabasz, M. (1991). Effects of active alert and relaxation hypnotic inductions on cold pressor pain. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(2), 223-226.
66. Moskal, M. J., & Matsen, F. A. (2001). Shoulder, arm, and elbow pain. In J. D. Loeser (Ed.), Bonica’s Management of Pain (3rd ed., pp. 1060-1083). Philadelphia. PA: Lippmcot, Williams. & Wilkins.
67. Ohrbach, R., Patterson, D. R., Carrougher, G., & Gibran, N. (1998). Hypnosis after an adverse response to opioids in an ICU burn patient. Clinical Journal of Pain, 14(2), 167-175.
68. Patterson, D., Doctor, J., & Sharar, S. (1999). Burn Pain. In A. R. Block, E. F. Kremer & E. Fernandez (Eds.), Handbook of pain syndromes (pp. 589-612). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Inc.
69. Patterson, D. & Sharar, S. (2001). Burn pain. In J. Loeser (Ed.), Bonica’s Management of Pain (3rd ed., pp. 780-787). Philadelphia, PA: Lippmcot, Williams & Wilkins.
70. Patterson, D. R. (1995). Nonopioid based approaches to burn pain. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 16(3), 372-376.
71. Patterson, D. R., Everett, J. J., Bombardier, C. H., Questad, K. A., Lee Y K., & Marvin, J. A. (1993). Psychological effects of severe bum injuries. Psychological Bulletin, 113(2), 362-378.
72. Patterson, D. R., Everett, J. J., Burns, G. L., & Marvin, J. A. (1992). Hypnosis for the treatment of burn pain. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(5), 713-717.
73. Patterson, D. R. & Jensen, M. (2003). Hypnosis and Clinical Pain. Psychological Bulletin, 129(4), 495-521.
74. Patterson, D. R. & Ptacek, J. T. (1997). Baseline pain as a moderator of hypnotic analgesia for burn injury treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(1), 60-67.
75. Patterson, D. R., Ptacek, J. T., Carrougher, G. J., & Sharar, S. (1997). Lorazepam as an adjunct to opioid analgesics in the treatment of burn pain. Pain, 72, 367-374.
76. Patterson, D. R., Ptacek, J. T., Cromes, F., Fauerbach, J. A., & Engrav, L. (2000). The 2000 Clinical Research Award. Describing and predicting distress and satisfaction with life for burn survivors. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 21(6), 490-498.
77. Patterson, D. R., Questad, K. A., & Boltwood, M. D. (1987). Hypnotherapy as a treatment for pain in patients with burns: Research and clinical considerations. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 5(3), 263-268.
78. Perry, S., Heidrich, G., & Ramos, E. (1981). Assessment of pain by bum patients. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 2, 322-326.
79. Price, D. D. & Barrell, J. J. (2000). Mechanisms of analgesia produced by hypnosis and placebo suggestions. In E. A. Mayer & C. B. Saper (Eds.), Progress in Brain Research (Vol. 122, pp. 255-271): Elsevier Science.
80. Ptacek, J., Patterson, D., & Doctor, J. (2000). Describing and predicting the nature of procedural pain after thermal injuries: Implications for research. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 21(4), 318-326.
81. Ptacek, J. T., Patterson, D. R., Montgomery, B. K., Ordonez, N. A., & Heimbach, D. M. (1995). Pain, coping, and adjustment in patients with severe burns: Preliminary findings from a prospective study. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 10,446-455.
82. Rainville, P., Duncan, G. H., Price, D. D., Carrier, B., & Bushnell, M. C. (1997). Pain affect encoded in human anterior cingulate but not somatosensory cortex. Science, 277,968-971.
83. Resnik, D. B., Rehm, M., & Minard, R. B. (2001). The undertreatment of pain: scientific, clinical, cultural, and philosophical factors. Medical Health Care Philosophy, 4(3), 277-288.
84. Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L., Smith, S., Lee, J. H., & Price, L. (2000). A controlled study of virtual reality exposure therapy for the fear of flying. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(6), 1020-1026.
85. Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L. F., Kooper, R., Opdyke, D., Williford, J., & North, M. M. (1995). Effectiveness of virtual reality graded exposure in the treatment of acrophobia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 626-628.
86. Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L. F., Ready, D., Graap, K., & Alarcon, R. D. (2001). Virtual reality exposure therapy for Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62(8), 617-622.
87. Shiffrin, R. & Schneider, W. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review, 84, 127-190.
88. Spanos, N. P. & Katsanis, J. (1989). Effects of instructional set on attributions of nonvolition during hypnotic and nonhypnotic analgesia. Journal of Personal and Social Psychology, 56(2), 182-188.
89. Spanos, N. P., Kennedy, S. K., & Gwynn, M. I. (1984). Moderating effects of contextual variables on the relationship between hypnotic susceptibility and suggested analgesia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93(3), 285-294.
90. Spanos, N. P., Perlini, A. H., Patrick, L., Bell, S., & Gwynn, M. I. (1990). The role of compliance in hypnotic and nonhypnotic analgesia. Journal of Research in Personality, 24, 433-453.
91. Tarnowski, K. J., McGrath, M. L., Calhoun, M. B., & Drabman, R. S. (1987). Pediatric burn injury: Self versus therapist mediated debridement. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 12(A), 567-579.
92. Tompkins, R. G., Burke, J. F., Schoenfeld, D. A., Bondoc, C. C., Quinby, W. C., Behringer, O. C., et al. (1986). Prompt eschar excision: A treatment system contributing to reduced burn mortality. A statistical evaluation of burn care at the Massachusetts General Hospital (1974-1984). Annals of Surgery, 204, 272-281.
93. Truelove, E. L., Dworkin, S. F., Burgess, J. A., & Bonica, J. J. (2001). Facial and head pain caused by myofascial and temporomandibular disorders. In J. D. Loeser (Ed.), Bonica’s Mangement of Pain (3rd ed., pp. 895-908). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincot, Williams, & Wilkins.
94. Turk, D. C., Meichenbaum, D., & Genest, M. (1983). Pain and behavioral medicine: A cognitive-behavioral perspective. New York: Guilford Press.
95. Villaret, D. B. & Weymuller Jr., E. A. (2001). Pain caused by cancer of the head and neck. In J. D. Loeser (Ed.), Bonica’s Management of Pain (3rd ed., pp. 948-966). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincot, Williams, & Wilkins.
96. Wakeman, J. R., & Kaplan, J. Z. (1978). An experimental study of hypnosis in painful burns. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 21(1), 3-12.
97. Wiechman, S. A., Elide, D. M., Wilson, B. L., & Patterson, D. R. (2000). The management of self-inflicted burn injuries and disruptive behavior for patients with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 21(4), 310-317.