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0027987849
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Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)
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Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994; 344:1383-1389.
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Lancet
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Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia
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Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. N Eng J Med 1995; 333:1301-1307.
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N Eng J Med
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Shepherd, J.1
Cobbe, S.M.2
Ford, I.3
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0342981862
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The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels
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Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moyé LA, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Eng J Med 1996; 335:1001-1009.
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N Eng J Med
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Sacks, F.M.1
Pfeffer, M.A.2
Moyé, L.A.3
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4
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0032487931
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Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of cholesterol levels
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LIPID Study Group. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of cholesterol levels. N Eng J Med 1998; 339:1349-1357.
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N Eng J Med
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Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: Results of AFCAPS/TEXCAPS Research Group
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Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, et al. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TEXCAPS Research Group. JAMA 1998; 279:1615-1622.
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JAMA
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Downs, J.R.1
Clearfield, M.2
Weis, S.3
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6
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0037164314
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Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): A randomised controlled trial
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Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB, et al. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360:1623-1630.
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Lancet
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Shepherd, J.1
Blauw, G.J.2
Murphy, M.B.3
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7
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0037031061
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MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
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Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360:7-22.
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(2002)
Lancet
, vol.360
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8
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0141920715
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Short-term efficacy and safety of extended release fluvastatin in a large cohort of elderly patients
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Bruckert E, Lièvre M, Giral P, et al. Short-term efficacy and safety of extended release fluvastatin in a large cohort of elderly patients. Am J Geriatric Cardiol 2003; 12:225-231. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the safety and efficacy of extended release fluvastatin 80 mg for up to 12 months in 1229 patients aged 70-85 years. As expected, statin therapy significantly altered the lipid profile, but HDL cholesterol was unaltered.
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(2003)
Am J Geriatric Cardiol
, vol.12
, pp. 225-231
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Bruckert, E.1
Lièvre, M.2
Giral, P.3
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9
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0038688353
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Effect of statins on mortality and cardiovascular events in elderly high-risk persons
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Aronow WS. Effect of statins on mortality and cardiovascular events in elderly high-risk persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003; 51:717-718. In this brief review, the results from the elderly cohort of the HPS are examined and the suggestion that current management guidelines be altered in light of the HPS findings is supported.
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(2003)
J Am Geriatr Soc
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Aronow, W.S.1
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10
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0037966198
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The Heart Protection Study: Expanding the boundaries for high-risk coronary disease prevention
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Farmer JA, Gotto AM. The Heart Protection Study: expanding the boundaries for high-risk coronary disease prevention. Am J Cardiol 2003; 92(Suppl):3i-9i. The highly significant reductions in vascular risk in the different major subgroups of the HPS (women, elderly and those with noncoronary vascular disease) are examined and placed in context.
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(2003)
Am J Cardiol
, vol.92
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Farmer, J.A.1
Gotto, A.M.2
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11
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0034937093
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Lifestyle and risk factor management and use of drug therapies in coronary patients from 15 countries: Principal results from EUROASPIRE II
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EUROASPIRE II Study Group. Lifestyle and risk factor management and use of drug therapies in coronary patients from 15 countries: principal results from EUROASPIRE II. Eur Heart J 2001; 22:554-572.
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(2001)
Eur Heart J
, vol.22
, pp. 554-572
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12
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0036082036
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Use of statins in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: Is treatment equitable?
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Reid FD, Cook DG, Whincup PH. Use of statins in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: is treatment equitable? Heart 2002; 88:15-19.
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(2002)
Heart
, vol.88
, pp. 15-19
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Reid, F.D.1
Cook, D.G.2
Whincup, P.H.3
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13
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0036082296
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Low prevalence of lipid lowering heart drug use in older men with established coronary heart disease
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Whincup PH, Emberson JR, Lennon L, et al. Low prevalence of lipid lowering heart drug use in older men with established coronary heart disease. Heart 2002; 88:22-29.
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(2002)
Heart
, vol.88
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Whincup, P.H.1
Emberson, J.R.2
Lennon, L.3
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14
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0038804145
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Evidence for an age and gender bias in the secondary prevention of ischaemic heart disease in primary care
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Williams D, Bennett K, Feely J. Evidence for an age and gender bias in the secondary prevention of ischaemic heart disease in primary care. Brit J Clin Pharmacol 2003; 55:604-608. This Irish study of 15 590 patients with ischaemic heart disease shows clearly that women were less likely to receive a β-blocker, aspirin, and ACE inhibitors than men. The elderly (aged >65 years) were less likely to receive aspirin, β-blockers or statins than younger patients.
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(2003)
Brit J Clin Pharmacol
, vol.55
, pp. 604-608
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Williams, D.1
Bennett, K.2
Feely, J.3
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15
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0037381782
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Evolution of statin prescribing 1994-2001: A case of agism but not of sexism?
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DeWilde S, Carey IM, Bremner SA, et al. Evolution of statin prescribing 1994-2001: a case of agism but not of sexism? Heart 2003; 89:417-421. This study looked at trends in the use of lipid lowering drugs in secondary prevention in England and Wales from 1994 to 2001. While noting a significant increase in drug use, entirely attributable to increased statin prescribing, the authors show that age plays a significant role in determining who receives therapy.
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(2003)
Heart
, vol.89
, pp. 417-421
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DeWilde, S.1
Carey, I.M.2
Bremner, S.A.3
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16
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0037229193
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Determination of lipid profiles and use of statins in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack
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Lalouschek W, Lang W, Greisenegger S, Mullner M. Determination of lipid profiles and use of statins in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Stroke 2003; 34:105-110. This study of 1743 patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (many of whom were elderly) shows that statins are underused in this group and calls for better implementation of international guidelines in such patients.
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(2003)
Stroke
, vol.34
, pp. 105-110
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Lalouschek, W.1
Lang, W.2
Greisenegger, S.3
Mullner, M.4
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17
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0038312247
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Rapid increase in statins newly dispensed to Ontario seniors between 1994-2000
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Levy AR, O'Brien BJ, McMullen E, et al. Rapid increase in statins newly dispensed to Ontario seniors between 1994-2000. Can J Cardiol 2003; 19:665-669. The number of elderly Ontarians newly dispensed a statin increased rapidly between 1994 and 2000, with age-standardized rates rising from approximately 840 to 2600/100 000 in women and from 810 to 3100/100 000 in men. Interestingly, the largest proportional increase was in those aged 85 and over.
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(2003)
Can J Cardiol
, vol.19
, pp. 665-669
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Levy, A.R.1
O'Brien, B.J.2
McMullen, E.3
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18
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0037247899
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Statin therapy in the elderly: Does it make good clinical and economic sense?
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Mungall MMB, Gaw A, Shepherd J. Statin therapy in the elderly: does it make good clinical and economic sense? Drugs Aging 2003; 20:263-275. This recent review examines the available evidence for the cost-effectiveness of statin therapy in the elderly.
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(2003)
Drugs Aging
, vol.20
, pp. 263-275
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Mungall, M.M.B.1
Gaw, A.2
Shepherd, J.3
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19
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0033594134
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Cost-effectiveness of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Forecasting the incremental benefits of preventing coronary and cerebrovascular events
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Grover SA, Coupal L, Paquet S, Zowall H. Cost-effectiveness of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: forecasting the incremental benefits of preventing coronary and cerebrovascular events. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159:593-600.
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(1999)
Arch Intern Med
, vol.159
, pp. 593-600
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Grover, S.A.1
Coupal, L.2
Paquet, S.3
Zowall, H.4
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20
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0036911516
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Measuring the cost-effectiveness of lipid-lowering drugs in the elderly: The outcomes research and economic analysis components of the PROSPER trial
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Avorn J, Benner J, Ford I, et al. Measuring the cost-effectiveness of lipid-lowering drugs in the elderly: the outcomes research and economic analysis components of the PROSPER trial. Control Clin Trials 2002; 23:757-773.
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(2002)
Control Clin Trials
, vol.23
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Avorn, J.1
Benner, J.2
Ford, I.3
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21
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0037772214
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Possibilities of multifactorial cardiovascular disease prevention in patients aged 75 and older: A randomised controlled trial: Drugs and Evidence Based Medicine in the Elderly (DEBATE)
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Strandberg TE, Pitkala K, Berglind S, et al. Possibilities of multifactorial cardiovascular disease prevention in patients aged 75 and older: a randomised controlled trial: Drugs and Evidence Based Medicine in the Elderly (DEBATE). Eur Heart J 2003; 24:1216-1222. This study set out to look at the feasibility of cardiovascular prevention in those aged 75 years or older. The authors studied 400 individuals with a mean age of 80 years of whom 65% were female, and randomized them to receive lifestyle modification and cardiovascular drug therapies according to current European guidelines, or alternatively, to a 'usual care' regimen. The authors concluded that it is possible and safe to institute evidence-based cardiovascular interventions in a 'real-life' setting in patients aged 75 and over.
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(2003)
Eur Heart J
, vol.24
, pp. 1216-1222
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Strandberg, T.E.1
Pitkala, K.2
Berglind, S.3
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22
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4043178964
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Framingham risk equations underestimate risk in older subjects
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Gaw A, Robertson M, Ford I, PROSPER Study Group. Framingham risk equations underestimate risk in older subjects. Circulation 2003; 108 (Suppl):IV-721. In this study the investigators calculated the risk of coronary and cerebrovascular events over the course of the 3.2-year follow-up within PROSPER using the Framingham risk equations and compared the results with actual observed event rates in the primary prevention, placebo group. While the risk equations provided a reasonable approximation of risk of myocardial infarction in elderly men, they significantly underestimated this risk in women and in both sexes when it came to cerebrovascular disease.
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(2003)
Circulation
, vol.108
, Issue.SUPPL.
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Gaw, A.1
Robertson, M.2
Ford, I.3
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23
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0042334924
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Effect of simvastatin versus placebo on treadmill exercise time until the onset of intermittent claudication in older patients with peripheral arterial disease at six months and at one year after treatment
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Aronow WS, Nayak D, Woodworth S, Ahn C. Effect of simvastatin versus placebo on treadmill exercise time until the onset of intermittent claudication in older patients with peripheral arterial disease at six months and at one year after treatment. Am J Cardiol 2003; 92:711-712. In this small study of 69 patients aged 60-85 years with peripheral artery disease, simvastatin 40 mg/day was shown, when compared with placebo, to increase treadmill exercise time until onset of claudication by 24% at 6 months and 42% at 12 months.
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(2003)
Am J Cardiol
, vol.92
, pp. 711-712
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Aronow, W.S.1
Nayak, D.2
Woodworth, S.3
Ahn, C.4
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24
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0033521078
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Stimulation of bone formation in vitro and in rodents by statins
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Mundy G, Garrett R, Harris S, et al. Stimulation of bone formation in vitro and in rodents by statins. Science 1999; 286:1946-1949.
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(1999)
Science
, vol.286
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Mundy, G.1
Garrett, R.2
Harris, S.3
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25
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0035936527
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Pravastatin and the development of diabetes mellitus
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Freeman DJ, Norrie J, Sattar N, et al. Pravastatin and the development of diabetes mellitus. Circulation 2001; 103:357-362.
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(2001)
Circulation
, vol.103
, pp. 357-362
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Freeman, D.J.1
Norrie, J.2
Sattar, N.3
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26
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0042859800
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The association between statin use and age related maculopathy
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McGwin G, Owsley C, Curcio CA, Crain RJ. The association between statin use and age related maculopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 2003; 87:1121-1125. This US study looked at 550 incident cases of age-related maculopathy and compared them with 5500 matched controls. Overall, cases were 70% less likely to be on statin therapy. This interesting finding raises important questions regarding the aetiology of age-related maculopathy and the potentially beneficial effects of statin therapy. The statins are regarded by many as drugs that do not simply lower cholesterol, but rather drugs that improve vascular health throughout the body. This study may highlight a further possible benefit of statins in the elderly, but clearly further work is needed before any firm conclusions can be drawn.
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(2003)
Br J Ophthalmol
, vol.87
, pp. 1121-1125
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McGwin, G.1
Owsley, C.2
Curcio, C.A.3
Crain, R.J.4
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