Optimal monitoring with external incentives: The case of tipping

Southern Economic Journal

Volumn 71, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 170-181

  Azar, Ofer H ^a  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 4043062258     PISSN: 00384038     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/4135319     Document Type: Review

References (24)

1. Azar, Ofer H. 2003a. Why do we tip waiters but not flight attendants? An empirical investigation. Unpublished paper. Northwestern University
2. Azar, Ofer H. 2003b. The implications of tipping for economics and management. International Journal of Social Economics 30:1084-94.
3. Azar, Ofer H. 2004a. What sustains social norms and how they evolve? The case of tipping. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 54:49-64.
4. Azar, Ofer H. 2004b. The history of tipping - From sixteenth-century England to United States in the 1910s. Journal of Socio-Economics. In press.
5. Ben-Zion, Uri, and Edi Karni. 1977. Tip payments and the quality of service. In Essays in labor market analysis, edited by Orley C. Ashenfelter and Wallace E. Oates. New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 37-44.
6. Bodvarsson, Orn B., and William A. Gibson. 1994. Gratuities and customer appraisal of service: Evidence from Minnesota restaurants. Journal of Socio-Economics 23:287-302.
7. Bodvarsson, Orn B., and William A. Gibson. 1997. Economics and restaurant gratuities: Determining tip rates. American Journal of Economics and Sociology 56:187-204.
8. Crusco, April H., and Christopher G. Wetzel. 1984. The Midas touch: The effects of interpersonal touch on restaurant tipping. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 10:512-7.
9. Hemenway, David. 1993. Prices and choices: Microeconomic vignettes. 3rd edition. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
10. Jacob, Nancy L., and Alfred L. Page. 1980. Production, information costs and economic organization: The buyer monitoring case. American Economic Review 70:476-8.
11. Lynn, Michael, and Michael McCall. 2000a. Beyond gratitude and gratuity: A meta-analytic review of the predictors of restaurant tipping. Unpublished paper, Cornell University.
12. Lynn, Michael, and Michael McCall. 2000b. Gratitude and gratuity: A meta-analysis of research on the service-tipping relationship. Journal of Socio-Economics 29:203-14.
13. Lynn, Michael, George M. Zinkhan, and Judy Harris. 1993. Consumer tipping: A cross-country study. Journal of Consumer Research 20:478-88.
14. Ruffle, Bradley J. 1998. More is better, but fair is fair: Tipping in dictator and ultimatum games. Games and Economic Behavior 23:247-65.
15. Ruffle, Bradley J. 1999. Gift giving with emotions. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 39:399-420.
16. Schwartz, Zvi. 1997. The economics of tipping: Tips, profits and the market's demand-supply equilibrium. Tourism Economics 3:265-79.
17. Scott, William R. 1916. The itching palm: A study of the habit of tipping in America. Philadelphia: The Penn Publishing Company.
18. Segrave, Kerry. 1998. Tipping: An American social history of gratuities. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
19. Seligman, Dan. 1998. Why do you leave tips? Forbes, 14 December.
20. Sinay, Ruth. 2001. Trying to protect waiters hurts their income. Ha'aretz, 4 June (in Hebrew).
21. Sisk, David E., and Edward C. Gallick. 1985. Tips and commissions: A study in economic contracting. Federal Trade Commission Bureau of Economics Working Paper 125.
22. The New York Times. 1899. Topics of the times, 21 November, p. 6.
23. U.S. Census Bureau. 2002. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2002. Accessed 16 October 2003. Available http://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/ 02statab/services.pdf.
24. Wessels, Walter J. 1997. Minimum wages and tipped servers. Economic Inquiry 35:334-49.