Behçet's disease

Current Opinion in Rheumatology

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 82-87

  Krause, Ilan ^a,b   Weinberger, Abraham ^a,b  

^a TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

^b RABIN MEDICAL CENTER   (Israel)

Author keywords

Anti Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies; Genetics; Homocysteine; T helper type 1 immune reaction; Tumor necrosis factor

Indexed keywords

AUTOANTIGEN; BINDING PROTEIN; CD28 ANTIGEN; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOSPORIN A; FUNGUS ANTIBODY; GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 12P40; INTERLEUKIN 8; MARKER; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; SELENIUM; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ANTIBODY; ZINC SULFATE;

ALLELE; BEHCET DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORONARY ARTERY BLOOD FLOW; CYTAPHERESIS; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; ETHNICITY; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETICS; GRANULOCYTOPHERESIS; HEADACHE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FAILURE; HELPER CELL; HETEROZYGOSITY; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNITY; IMMUNOLOGY; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LOZENGE; PATHOGENESIS; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; SCIENCE; SEROLOGY;

BEHCET SYNDROME; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; HUMANS; POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; T-LYMPHOCYTES, REGULATORY; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA;

EID: 40349092920     PISSN: 10408711     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e3282f154d1     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Pandrea A, Rudinskaya A, Klein B, Krebs T. What does it take to diagnose Behçet disease? J Clin Rheumatol 2007; 13:31-34.
2. Krause I, Yankevich A, Fraser A, et al. Prevalence and clinical aspects of Behçet's disease in the north of Israel. Clin Rheumatol 2007; 26:555-560.
3. Rozenbaum M, Boulman N, Slobodin G, et al. Behçet disease in adult Druze in north Israel: the influence of ethnic origin on disease expression and severity. J Clin Rheumatol 2007; 13:124-127.
4. Salvarani C, Pipitone N, Catanoso MG, et al. Epidemiology and clinical course of Behçet's disease in the Reggio Emilia area of northern Italy: a seventeen-year population-based study. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 57:171-178.
5. Akman A, Sallakci N, Coskun M, et al. TNF-alpha gene 1031 T/C polymorphism in Turkish patients with Behcet's disease. Br J Dermatol 2006; 155:350-356. A well designed study convincingly showing Behçet's disease susceptibility among Turkish TNFa-1031C allele carriers, while the TNFα-1031T allele is associated with positive pathergy reaction. These results still need to be verified in other ethnic groups.
6. Ates A, Kinikli G, Duzgun N, Duman M. Lack of association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene polymorphisms with disease susceptibility and severity in Behcet's disease. Rheumatol Int 2006; 26:348-353.
7. Kamoun M, Chelbi H, Houman MH, et al. Tumor necrosis factor gene polymorphisms in Tunisian patients with Behcet's disease. Hum Immunol 2007; 68:201-205. Further strengthens the importance of the TNFα-1031T/C allele polymorphism in susceptibility and perhaps pathogenesity of Behçet's disease.
8. Wallace GR, Kondeatis E, Vaughan RW, et al. IL-10 genotype analysis in patients with Behcet's disease. Hum Immunol 2007; 68:122-127. Only the IL-10 819T genotype was associated with Behçet's disease in UK, but not in Middle Eastern patients. The importance of the polymorphism at position 1082 and 819 of the IL-10 gene in Behçet's disease still needs to be evaluated in future studies.
9. Lee EB, Kim JY, Zhao J, et al. Haplotype association of IL-8 gene with Behcet's disease. Tissue Antigens 2007; 69:128-132. Although there were no IL-8 gene SNPs associated with Behçet's disease, the frequency of two haplotypes inferred from a combination of three SNPs of the IL-8 gene was significantly higher in patients with Behçet's disease, pointing to the importance of IL-8 in disease pathogenesis.
10. Oksel F, Keser G, Ozmen M, et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene Glu298Asp polymorphism is associated with Behcet's disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2006; 24:S79-S82.
11. Nakao K, Isashiki Y, Sonoda S, et al. Nitric oxide synthase and superoxide dismutase gene polymorphisms in Behcet disease. Arch Ophthalmol 2007; 125:246-251.
12. Gunesacar R, Erken E, Bozkurt B, et al. Analysis of CD28 and CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms in Turkish patients with Behcet's disease. Int J Immunogenet 2007; 34:45-49.
13. Park KS, Park JS, Nam JH, et al. HLA-E*0101 and HLA-G*010101 reduce the risk of Behcet's disease. Tissue Antigens 2007; 69:139-144.
14. Rabinovich E, Shinar Y, Leiba M, et al. Common FMF alleles may predispose to development of Behcet's disease with increased risk for venous thrombosis. Scand J Rheumatol 2007; 36:48-52.
15. Hamzaoui K, Hamzaoui A, Houman H. CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in patients with Behcet's disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2006; 24:S71-S78.
16. Yanagihori H, Oyama N, Nakamura K, et al. Role of IL-12B promoter polymorphism in adamantiades-Behcet's disease susceptibility: a involvement of Th1 immunoreactivity against Streptococcus sanguinis antigen. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:1534-1540. The authors studied a large cohort of Japanese patients, showing not only IL-12B promoter heterozygosity associated with Behçet's disease susceptibility, but also clear evidence for the pathogenic importance of extrinsic streptococcal antigens mediated by IL-12, and for antibacterial host response mediated by Th1 immunity.
17. Musabak U, Pay S, Erdem H, et al. Serum interleukin-18 levels in patients with Behcet's disease: is its expression associated with disease activity or clinical presentations? Rheumatol Int 2006; 26:545-550.
18. Hamzaoui K, Hamzaoui A, Ghorbel I, et al. Levels of IL-15 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Behcet's disease. Scand J Immunol 2006; 64:655-660.
19. Ahn JK, Yu HG, Chung H, Park YG. Intraocular cytokine environment in active Behcet uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2006; 142:429-434. An interesting study showing a unique intraocular cytokine profile in Behçet's uveitis which may differ from other causes of ocular inflammation. The study sample and the control groups, however, were rather small to draw definite conclusions.
20. Okunuki Y, Usui Y, Takeuchi M, et al. Proteomic surveillance of autoimmunity in Behcet's disease with uveitis: selenium binding protein is a novel autoantigen in Behcet's disease. Exp Eye Res 2007; 84:823-831. A comprehensive study of retinal autoantigens in Behçet's uveitis detected three antigens, two of which were previously reported in Behçet's disease and a novel retinal antigen SBP. Further studies are needed to reveal the pathogenic role of SBP in Behçet's disease, especially since Lewis rats challenged for induction of experimental autoimmune uveitis by immunization with SBP failed to develop apparent uveitis.
21. Dalghous AM, Freysdottir J, Fortune F. Expression of cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors in oral ulcers of patients with Behcet's disease (BD) and recurrent aphthous stomatitis is Th1-associated, although Th2-association is also observed in patients with BD. Scand J Rheumatol 2006; 35:472-475. A similar cytokine profile was found in oral ulcers of Behçet's disease and idiopathic aphthous stomatitis, pointing to a strong Th1 immune reaction. The Th2 component, detected only in Behçet's disease ulcers, should be verified in larger study samples.
22. Ozdemir M, Balevi S, Deniz F, Mevlitoglu I. Pathergy reaction in different body areas in Behcet's disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007; 32:85-87. An important study showing the variability associated with the pathergy reaction, one of the major criteria for the diagnosis of Behçet's disease.
23. Mat MC, Goksugur N, Engin B, et al. The frequency of scarring after genital ulcers in Behcet's syndrome: a prospective study. Int J Dermatol 2006; 45:554-556.
24. Ilknur T, Pabuccuoglu U, Akin C, et al. Histopathologic and direct immunofluorescence findings of the papulopustular lesions in Behcet's disease. Eur J Dermatol 2006; 16:146-150.
25. Kotter I, Gunaydin I, Batra M, et al. CNS involvement occurs more frequently in patients with Behcet's disease under cyclosporin A (CSA) than under other medications: results of a retrospective analysis of 117 cases. Clin Rheumatol 2006; 25:482-486. Although a retrospective analysis, rather than a prospective trial, the results indicate that CSA, a widely used and effective regimen in Behçet's disease, may pose an increased risk for neuro-Behçet development.
26. Yesilot N, Shehu M, Oktem-Tanor O, et al. Silent neurological involvement in Behcet's disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2006; 24:S65-S70.
27. Kidd D. The prevalence of headache in Behcet's syndrome. Rheumatology 2006; 45:621-623.
28. Aykutlu E, Baykan B, Akman-Demir G, et al. Headache in Behcet's disease. Cephalalgia 2006; 26:180-186.
29. Baris N, Okan T, Gurler O, et al. Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with conventional and current Doppler techniques in Behcet's disease. Clin Rheumatol 2006; 25:873-876.
30. Yavuz B, Sahiner L, Akdogan A, et al. Left and right ventricular function is impaired in Behcet's disease. Echocardiography 2006; 23:723-728.
31. Bozkurt A, Akpinar O, Uzun S, et al. Echocardiographic findings in patients with Behcet's disease. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97:710-715.
32. Gullu H, Caliskan M, Erdogan D, et al. Patients with Behcet's disease carry a higher risk for microvascular involvement in active disease period. Ann Med 2007; 39:154-159.
33. Chou SJ, Chen VTK, Jan HC, et al. Intestinal perforations in Behcet's disease. J Gastrointest Surg 2007; 11:508-514. This rather large series is one of a few on intestinal involvement in Behçet's disease. A high rate of bowel perforation was noted, necessitating emergency laparotomy and bowel resection .Interestingly, all the perforations were located in the terminal ileum-ascending colon area.
34. Sfikakis PP, Markomichelakis N, Alpsoy E, et al. Anti-TNF therapy in the management of Behcet's disease: review and basis for recommendations. Rheumatology 2007; 46:736-741. A comprehensive and in-depth review on the up-to-date experience with anti-TNFα therapy in a variety of target organ involvements in Behçet's disease. Experience with the various regimens as well as indications and limitations of the treatment are well presented.
35. Lin P, Liang G. Behcet disease: recommendation for clinical management of mucocutaneous lesions. J Clin Rheumatol 2006; 12:282-286. Review on the various therapeutic options reported so far for oral and genital ulcers in Behçet's disease.
36. Tasli L, Mat C, De Simone C, Yazici H. Lactobacilli lozenges in the management of oral ulcers of Behcet's syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2006; 24:S83-S86.
37. Bacanli A, Dicle OY, Parmaksizoglu B, et al. Topical granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of oral and genital ulcers of patients with Behcet's disease. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006; 20:931-935.
38. Sharquie KE, Najim RA, Al-Dori WS, Al-Hayani RK. Oral zinc sulfate in the treatment of Behcet's disease: a double blind cross-over study. J Dermatol 2006; 33:541-546.
39. Mat C, Yurdakul S, Uysal S, et al. A double-blind trial of depot corticosteroids in Behcet's syndrome. Rheumatology 2006; 45:348-352. A well designed double-blind, placebo-controlled study showing rate of efficacy of intramuscular corticosteroid treatment for genital ulcers.
40. Namba K, Sonoda KH, Kitamei H, et al. Granulocytapheresis in patients with refractory ocular Behcet's disease. J Clin Apheresis 2006; 21:121-128.
41. Sarican T, Ayabakan H, Turkmen S, et al. Homocysteine: an activity marker in Behcet's disease? J Dermatol Sci 2007; 45:121-126. This paper reports on high homocysteine levels in Behçet's disease patients, especially during active phases of the disease.
42. Ozkan Y, Yardim-Akaydin S, Sepici A, et al. Assessment of homocysteine, neopterin and nitric oxide levels in Behcet's disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007; 45:73-77.
43. Ricart JM, Vaya A, Todoli J, et al. Thrombophilic risk factors and homocysteine levels in Behcet's disease in eastern Spain and their association with thrombotic events. Throm Haemost 2006; 95:618-624. The prevalence of a wide spectrum of inherited and acquired thrombophilic risk factors was similar in a large group of Behçet's disease patients compared with healthy controls. Prothrombin G20210A mutation was associated with thrombosis in Behçet's disease patients.
44. Taysi S, Demircan B, Akdeniz N, et al. Oxidant/antioxidant status in men with Behcet's disease. Clin Rheumatol 2007; 26:418-422.
45. Baskan EB, Yilmaz E, Saricaoglu H, et al. Detection of parvovirus B19 DNA in the lesional skin of patients with Behcet's disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007; 32:186-190.
46. Atasoy M, Karatay S, Yildirim K, et al. The relationship between serum prolactin levels and disease activity in patients with Behcet's disease. Cell Biochem Funct 2006; 24:353-356.
47. Choi CH, Il Kim T, Kim BC, et al. Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody in intestinal Behcet's disease patients: relation to clinical course. Dis Colon Rectum 2006; 49:1849-1859.
48. Monselise A, Weinberger A, Monselise Y, et al. Antisaccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in Behcet's disease: a familial study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2006; 24:S87-S90.
49. Briani C, Doria A, Marcolongo R, et al. Increased titres of IgM antiheparan sulfate antibody in Behcet's disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2006; 24:S104-S107.
50. Aki T, Karincaoglu Y, Seyhan M, Batcioglu K. Serum substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in Behcet's disease and their association with disease activity. Clin Exp Dermatol 2006; 31:583-587.