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Loubser S, Balfe P, Sherman G, et al. Decay of K103N mutants in cellular DNA and plasma RNA after single-dose nevirapine to reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission. AIDS 2006; 20:995-1002. This is the only published study to look for minor nevirapine-resistant variants in both maternal plasma as well as archived in maternal peripheral blood cells, over increasing time from single-dose nevirapine exposure. The prevalence of nevirapine resistance in the plasma decreased from 87% at 6 weeks to 11% at 12 months, and in cellular DNA from 52% at 6 weeks to 4% at 12 months. Archived resistance in cellular compartments (other than peripheral blood mononuclear cells) was not examined.
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Flys TS, Donnell D, Mwatha A, et al. Persistence of K103N-containing HIV-1 variants after single-dose nevirapine for prevention of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission. J Infect Dis 2007; 195:711-715. This is one of the largest studies examining the persistence of nevirapine resistance mutations over a long period of time after single-dose nevirapine ingestion using highly sensitive resistance assays. This study showed that only 0.9% of women harbored low-level circulating nevirapine-resistant strains at 4 and 5 years postexposure (compared with 58.3% at 6-8 weeks postexposure).
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Lockman S, Shapiro RL, Smeaton LM, et al. Response to antiretroviral therapy after a single, peripartum dose of nevirapine. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:135-147. This is the other study to examine virological and immunologic outcomes on nevirapine-containing HAART among women in Botswana who received previous double-blind single-dose nevirapine or placebo (in addition to short-course zidovudine). Both single-dose nevirapine-exposed and unexposed women who started HAART 6 or more months postpartum had equally good virological outcomes on treatment. Single-dose nevirapine-exposed, HIV-infected infants had much higher rates of virological failure on nevirapine, zidovudine and lamivudine than non-single-dose nevirapine-exposed infants in a small number (30) of infants studied.
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Lockman S, Shapiro RL, Smeaton LM, et al. Response to antiretroviral therapy after a single, peripartum dose of nevirapine. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:135-147. This is the other study to examine virological and immunologic outcomes on nevirapine-containing HAART among women in Botswana who received previous double-blind single-dose nevirapine or placebo (in addition to short-course zidovudine). Both single-dose nevirapine-exposed and unexposed women who started HAART 6 or more months postpartum had equally good virological outcomes on treatment. Single-dose nevirapine-exposed, HIV-infected infants had much higher rates of virological failure on nevirapine, zidovudine and lamivudine than non-single-dose nevirapine-exposed infants in a small number (30) of infants studied.
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42
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38049107325
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Response to the therapy after prior exposure to nevirapine
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Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 24-27 July, Abstract TuFo0205
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Lallemant M. Response to the therapy after prior exposure to nevirapine. In: 3rd IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 24-27 July 2005. Abstract TuFo0205.
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3rd IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment
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Lallemant, M.1
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43
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38049182872
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Virologic response to NNRTI treatment among women who took single-dose nevirapine 18 to 36 months earlier
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Denver, CO, USA, 5-8 February, Abstract 641
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Coovadia A, Marais B, Abrams E, et al. Virologic response to NNRTI treatment among women who took single-dose nevirapine 18 to 36 months earlier. In: 13th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections Denver, CO, USA, 5-8 February 2006. Abstract 641.
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(2006)
13th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
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Coovadia, A.1
Marais, B.2
Abrams, E.3
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44
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40049084197
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Immunologic and virologic efficacy of generic nevirapine, zidovudine and lamivudine in the treatment of HIV-1 infected women with preexposure to single dose nevirapine or short course zidovudine, in Zimbabwe
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Denver, CO, USA, 5-8 February, Abstract 632
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Zijenah LS, Kadzirange G, Tobaiwa O, et al. Immunologic and virologic efficacy of generic nevirapine, zidovudine and lamivudine in the treatment of HIV-1 infected women with preexposure to single dose nevirapine or short course zidovudine, in Zimbabwe. In: 13th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Denver, CO, USA, 5-8 February 2006. Abstract 632.
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(2006)
13th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
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Zijenah, L.S.1
Kadzirange, G.2
Tobaiwa, O.3
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45
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34247552198
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Chi BH, Sinkala M, Stringer EM, et al. Early clinical and immune response to NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy among women with prior exposure to single-dose nevirapine. AIDS 2007; 21:957-964. This study examined CD4 cell responses to nevirapine-based HAART in the largest group of single-dose nevirapine-exposed and unexposed women to date, in a treatment programme in Zambia. CD4 cell count responses did not differ by single-dose nevirapine exposure status, although there was a trend towards worse outcomes among single-dose nevirapine-exposed women who started HAART within 6 months (versus at least 6 months) postexposure (and pretreatment CD4 cell counts were higher in the single-dose nevirapine-exposed women than in the unexposed women).
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Chi BH, Sinkala M, Stringer EM, et al. Early clinical and immune response to NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy among women with prior exposure to single-dose nevirapine. AIDS 2007; 21:957-964. This study examined CD4 cell responses to nevirapine-based HAART in the largest group of single-dose nevirapine-exposed and unexposed women to date, in a treatment programme in Zambia. CD4 cell count responses did not differ by single-dose nevirapine exposure status, although there was a trend towards worse outcomes among single-dose nevirapine-exposed women who started HAART within 6 months (versus at least 6 months) postexposure (and pretreatment CD4 cell counts were higher in the single-dose nevirapine-exposed women than in the unexposed women).
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46
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28944437354
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6-Month immunological response with HAART containing nevirapine in HIV infected women post exposure to single dose of nevirapine for PMTCT. The MTCT-Plus Initiave in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 24-27 July, Abstract MoOa0203
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Bedikou G, Viho I, Tonwe-Gold B, et al. 6-Month immunological response with HAART containing nevirapine in HIV infected women post exposure to single dose of nevirapine for PMTCT. The MTCT-Plus Initiave in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire (2003-2005). In: 3rd IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 24-27 July 2005. Abstract MoOa0203.
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(2005)
3rd IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment
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Bedikou, G.1
Viho, I.2
Tonwe-Gold, B.3
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47
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38049187497
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Short-course zidovudine and lamivudine or single-dose nevirapine-containing PMTCT compromises 12-month response to HAART in African women, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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Los Angeles, CA, USA, 25-28 February, Abstract 93LB
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Coffie P, Ekouevi D, Chaix ML, et al. Short-course zidovudine and lamivudine or single-dose nevirapine-containing PMTCT compromises 12-month response to HAART in African women, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire (2003-2006). In: 14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Los Angeles, CA, USA, 25-28 February 2007. Abstract 93LB.
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(2007)
14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
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Coffie, P.1
Ekouevi, D.2
Chaix, M.L.3
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