Managing wildlife-based tourism? Edging slowly towards sustainability?

Current Issues in Tourism

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 75-83

  Higham, James E S ^a   Bejder, Lars ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^b MURDOCH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Cetaceans; Cumulative impact; Management; Shark Bay; Sustainability; Wildlife tourism

Indexed keywords

DOLPHIN; ECOTOURISM; SUSTAINABILITY; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; TOURISM MANAGEMENT; TOURIST DESTINATION; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT;

AUSTRALASIA; AUSTRALIA; SHARK BAY; WESTERN AUSTRALIA;

ANIMALIA; CETACEA; CHONDRICHTHYES;

EID: 40049106342     PISSN: 13683500     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2167/cit345.0     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. Allen, S., Smith, H., Waples, K. and Harcourt, R. (2008) The voluntary code of conduct for dolphin watching in Port Stephens, Australia: Is self-regulation an effective management tool? Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, in press.
2. Beale, C.M. and Monaghan, P. (2004) Behavioural responses to human disturbance: A matter of choice. Animal Behaviour 68, 1065-1069.
3. Beaumont, N. (2001) Ecotourism and the conservation ethic: Recruiting the uninitiated or preaching to the converted? Journal of Sustainable Tourism 9 (4), 317-341.
4. Bejder, L. (2005) Linking short and long term effects of nature-based tourism on cetaceans. PhD thesis, Dalhousie University.
5. Bejder, L. and Samuels, A. (2003) Evaluating impacts of nature-based tourism on cetaceans. In N. Gales, M. Hindell and R. Kirkwood (eds) Marine Mammals: Fisheries, Tourism and Management Issues (pp. 229-256). Collingwood, CSIRO Publishing.
6. Bejder, L., Dawson, S.M. and Harraway, J.A. (1999) Responses by Hector's dolphins to boats and swimmers in Porpoise Bay, New Zealand. Marine Mammal Science 15 (3), 738-750.
7. Bejder, L., Samuels, A., Whitehead, H., Gales, N., Mann, J., Connor, R., Heithaus, M., Watson-Capps, J. and Flaherty, C. (2006a) Decline in relative abundance of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) exposed to long-term disturbance. Getting Real about Wildlife Tourism. Proceedings, 2nd National Wildlife Tourism Conference, Fremantle, Western Australia, 13-15 August 2006, 30.
8. Bejder, L., Samuels, A., Whitehead, H., Gales, N., Mann, J., Connor, R., Heithaus, M., Watson-Capps, J., Flaherty, C. and Kruetzen, M. (2006b) Decline in relative abundance of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) exposed to long-term disturbance. Conservation Biology 20 (6), 1791-1798.
9. Bejder, L., Samuels, A., Whitehead, H. and Gales, N. (2006c) Interpreting short-term behavioural responses within a longitudinal perspective. Animal Behaviour 72, 1149-1158.
10. Budowski, G. (1976) Tourism and environmental conservation: Conflict, coexistence, or symbosis? Environmental Conservation 3 (1), 27-31.
11. Connor, R.C. and Smolker, R.S. (1985) Habituated dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in Western Australia. Journal of Mammalogy 66, 398-400.
12. Connor, R.C. and Smolker, R.S. (1995) Seasonal changes in the stability of male-male bonds in Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.). Aquatic Mammals 21, 213-216.
13. Connor, R.C., Smolker, R.A. and Richards, A.F. (1992) Two levels of alliance formation among male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.). Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Science 89, 987-990.
14. Connor, R.C., Heithaus, M.R. and Barre, L.M. (1999) Superalliance of bottlenose dolphins. Nature 397, 571-572.
15. Constantine, R. (2001) Increased avoidance of swimmers by wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) due to long-term exposure to swim-with-dolphin tourism. Marine Mammal Science 17 (4), 689-702.
16. Constantine, R., Brunton, D.H. and Dennis, T. (2004) Dolphin-watching tour boats change bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) behaviour. Biological Conservation 117, 299-307.
17. Corkeron, P. (2004) Whale watching, iconography, and marine conservation. Conservation Biology 18, 847-849.
18. Dearden, P. (2006) Effects of participating in wildlife tourism: A case study from diving. In Conference Program: The 2nd Australian Wildlife Tourism Conference, 13-15 August 2006. Promaco Conventions, WA, 39.
19. Duffus, D.A. and Dearden, P. (1990) Non-consumptive wildlife-oriented recreation: A conceptual framework. Biological Conservation 53, 213-231.
20. FACET (2006) Conference resolutions. Getting Real about Wildlife Tourism. Proceedings, 2nd National Wildlife Tourism Conference, Fremantle, Western Australia, 13-15 August 2006. On WWW at facet.asn.au (Accessed 23 February 2007).
21. Fennell, D.A. and Ebert, K. (2004) Tourism and the precautionary principle. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 12 (6), 461-479.
22. Gill, J.A., Norris, K. and Sutherland, W.J. (2001) Why behavioural responses may not reflect the population consequences of human disturbance. Biological Conservation 97, 265-268.
23. Higham, J.E.S. (1998) Tourists and albatrosses: The dynamics of tourism at the Northern Royal Albatross Colony, Taiaroa Head, New Zealand. Tourism Management 19 (6), 521-533.
24. Higham, J.E.S. (ed.) (2007) Critical Issues in Ecotourism. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann.
25. Higham, J.E.S. and Carr, A. (2002) Ecotourism visitor experiences in Aotearoa/New Zealand: Challenging the environmental values of visitors in pursuit of pro-environmental behaviour. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 10 (4), 277-294.
26. Krützen, M., Sherwin, W.B., Barre, L.M., Connor, R.C., Van de Casteele, T., Mann, J. and Brooks, R. (2003) Contrasting relatedness patterns in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) with different alliance strategies. Proceedings of the Royal Society - Series B: Biological Sciences 270, 497-502.
27. Lusseau, D. (2004) The hidden cost of tourism: Detecting the long-terms effects of tourism using behaviour information. Ecology and Society 9 (1), 2.
28. Lusseau, D. and Higham, J.E.S. (2004) Managing the impacts of dolphin-based tourism through the definition of critical habitats: The case of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) in Doubtful Sound, New Zealand. Tourism Management 25 (5), 657-667.
29. Mann, J., Connor, R.C., Barre, L.M. and Heithaus, M.R. (2000) Female reproductive success in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.): Life history, habitat, provisioning, and group size effects. Behavioral Ecology 11, 210-219.
30. Ministry Media Statement. (2006) On WWW at http:// www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/media/media.nsf/news/ 958A19167C70F7934825719900206D69 (Accessed 17 August 2006).
31. Naturebase (2006) On WWW at http://www.naturebase.net/tourism/pdf_files/ mm_eoi_guidelines_04072006.pdf (Accessed 17 August 2006).
32. Orams, M.B. (1997) The effectiveness of environmental education: Can we turn tourists into 'greenies'? Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research 3, 295-306.
33. Reark Research (1995) Summary Report of the Findings of the Shark Bay Visitor Survey. (A report for Shark Bay Tourism Committee). Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management, Shire of Shark Bay, and Monkey Mia Dolphin Resort, Denham, Australia.
34. Smolker, R.A., Richards, A.F., Connor, R.C. and Pepper, J.W. (1992) Sex differences in patterns of association among Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins. Behaviour 123, 38-69.
35. Stoeckl, N., Smith, A., Newsome, D. and Lee, D. (2005) Regional economic dependence on iconic wildlife tourism: Case studies for Monkey Mia and Hervey Bay. The Journal of Tourism Studies 16, 69-81.
36. Tarrant, M.A. and Cordell, H.K. (1997) The effect of respondent characteristics on general environmental attitude-behaviour correspondence. Environment and Behaviour 29 (5), 618-637.
37. Underwood, A.J. (1991) Beyond BACI: Experimental designs for detecting human environmental impacts on temporal variations in natural populations. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 42, 569-588.
38. Underwood, A.J. (1992) Beyond BACI: The detection of environmental impacts on populations in the real, but variable, world. Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 161, 145-178.
39. Williams, R., Trites, A.W. and Bain, D. (2002) Behavioural responses of killer whales (Orcinus orca) to whale-watching boats: Opportunistic observations and experimental approaches. Journal of Zoology 256, 255-270.