The functional reach test in 3- to 5-year-old children without disabilities

Pediatric Physical Therapy

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 47-52

  Norris, Rosemary A ^a   Wilder, Elaine ^a   Norton, Jennifer ^b  

^a SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Wee Movers Therapy Services   (United States)

Author keywords

Body weights and measures; Child; Human movement system; Physical therapy methods; Postural equilibrium; Reference values

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; BODY EQUILIBRIUM; BODY HEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LABORATORY TEST; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SCORING SYSTEM;

ANTHROPOMETRY; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES; FEASIBILITY STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MASS SCREENING; MUSCULOSKELETAL EQUILIBRIUM; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; REFERENCE VALUES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; TASK PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS;

EID: 39849109193     PISSN: 08985669     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PEP.0b013e31815ce63f     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Atwater S, Crowe T, Deitz J, et al. Interrater and test-retest reliability of two pediatric balance tests. Phys Ther. 1990;70:79-87.
2. Zaino C, Marchese V, Westcott S. Timed up and down stairs test: preliminary reliability and validity of a new measure of functional mobility. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2004;16:90-98.
3. Westcott S, Lowes L, Richardson P. Evaluation of postural stability in children: current theories and assessment tools. Phys Ther. 1997;77:629-645.
4. Palisano R, Hanna S, Rosenbaum P, et al. Validation of a model of gross motor function for children with cerebral palsy. Phys Ther. 2000;80:974-985.
5. Casselbrant M, Furman J, Mandel E, et al. Past history of otitis media and balance in four-year-old children. Laryngoscope. 2000;110:773-778.
6. Niznik T, Turner D, Worrell T. Functional reach as a measurement of balance for children with lower extremity spasticity. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 1995;15:1-15.
7. Pellegrino T, Buelow B, Krause M, et al. Test-retest reliability of the pediatric clinical test of sensory interactions for balance and the functional reach test in children with standing balance dysfunction. Pediatr Phys Ther. 1995;7:197.
8. Richardson P, Atwater S, Crowe T, et al. Performance of preschoolers on the pediatric clinical test of sensory interaction for balance. Am J Occup Ther. 1992;46:793-800.
9. Bartlett D, Birmingham T. Validity and reliability of the pediatric reach test. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2003;15:84-92.
10. Franjoine M, Gunther J, Taylor M. Pediatric balance scale: a modified version of the Berg Balance Scale for the school-age child with mild to moderate motor impairments. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2003;15:114-128.
11. Donohoe B, Turner D, Worrell T. The use of functional reach as a measurement of balance in boys and girls without disabilities ages 5 to 15 years. Pediatr Phys Ther. 1994;6:189-193.
12. Habib Z, Westcott S. Assessment of anthropometric factors on balance tests in children. Pediatr Phys Ther. 1998;10:101-109.
13. Williams E, Carroll S, Reddihough D, et al. Investigation of the timed 'Up and Go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005;47:518-524.
14. Bruininks R, Bruininks D. (BOT-2) Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency. 2nd ed. Bloomington, MN: AGS Publishing; 2005.
15. Folio M, Fewell R. Peabody Development Motor Scales Manual. Allen, TX: DLM Teaching Resource; 1983.
16. Berg K, Wood-Dauphinee S, Williams JI, et al. Measuring balance in the elderly: preliminary development of an instrument. Physiother Can. 1989;41:304-311.
17. Duncan P, Weiner D, Chandler J, et al. Functional reach: a new clinical measure of balance. J Gerontol. 1990;45:M192-M197.
18. Westcott D, Duncan P, Chandler J, et al. Functional reach: a marker of physical frailty. JAGS. 1991;40:203-207.
19. Duncan P, Studenski S, Chandler J. Functional reach: predictive validity in a sample of elderly male veterans. J Gerontol. 1992;47: M93-M98.
20. Gill D, Williams K, Williams L, et al. Multidimensional correlates of falls in older women. Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1998;47:35-51.
21. Cho C-Y, Kamen G. Detecting balance deficits in frequent fallers using clinical and quantitative evaluation tools. JAGS. 1998;46:426-430.
22. Hagemann P, Leibowitz M, Blanke D. Age and gender effects on postural control measures. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995;76:961-965.
23. Pourtney L, Watkins M. Foundations of Clinical Research. 2nd ed. Norwalk, CT: Applegate and Lange; 2000.
24. Weiner D, Bongiorni D, Studenski S, et al. Does functional reach improve with rehabilitation? Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993;74:796-800.
25. Nelson W. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 15th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Co.; 1996.
26. Shrout P, Fleiss J. Interclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull. 1979;86:420-428.
27. Sim J, Reid N. Statistical inference by confidence intervals: issues of interpretation and utilization. Phys Ther. 1999;79:186-195.
28. Tabachnick B, Eidell L. Using Multivariate Statistics. 3rd ed. New York: Harper Collins; 1996.
29. Nashner L. Sensory, neuromuscular, and biomechanical contributions to human balance. Paper presented at APTA Forum, 1989, Nashville, TN.
30. Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott M. The growth of stability: postural control from a developmental perspective. J Mot Behav. 1985;17:131-147.
31. Piper M, Pinnell L, Darrah J, et al. Construction and validation of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Can J Public Health. 1992;83: S46-S50.
32. Case-Smith J. A validity study of posture and fine motor assessment of infants. Am J Occup Ther. 1992;46:597-605.
33. Liao HF, Mao PJ. Test-retest reliability of balance tests in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2001;43:180-186.