When politics is not just a man's game: Women's representation and political engagement

Electoral Studies

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 105-115

  Karp, Jeffrey A ^a   Banducci, Susan A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EXETER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Contextual effects; CSES; Descriptive representation; Political participation

Indexed keywords

ELECTORAL SYSTEM; GENDER ROLE; POLITICAL PARTICIPATION; SEX-RELATED DIFFERENCE; WOMENS STATUS;

EID: 39849090295     PISSN: 02613794     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.electstud.2007.11.009     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Anderson C.J., Blais A., Bowler S., Donovan T., and Listhaug O. Losers' Consent: Elections and Democratic Legitimacy (2005), Oxford University Press, Oxford
2. Atkeson L.R. Not all cues are created equal: the conditional impact of female candidates on political engagement. Journal of Politics 65 (2003) 1040-1061
3. Banducci S.A., and Karp J.A. Gender, leadership and choice in multiparty systems. Political Research Quarterly 53 (2000) 815-848
4. Banducci S.A., Donovan T., and Karp J.A. Minority representation, empowerment, and participation. Journal of Politics 66 (2004) 534-556
5. Banducci S.A., Donovan T., and Karp J.A. Effects of minority representation on political attitudes and participation. In: Segura G.M., and Bowler S. (Eds). Diversity in Democracy: Minority Representation in the United States (2005), University of Virginia Press, Charlottesville 193-215
6. Barreto M.A., Segura G.M., and Woods N.D. The Mobilizing effect of majority-minority districts on Latino turnout. American Political Science Review 98 (2004) 65-75
7. Bird K. Lessons from France: would quotas and a new electoral system improve women's representation in Canada?. In: Miller H. (Ed). Steps Toward Making Every Vote Count: Electoral System Reform in Canada and its Provinces (2005), Broadview Press, Ontario
8. Bratton K., and Ray L. Descriptive representation, policy outcomes and municipal day-care coverage in Norway. American Journal of Political Science 46 (2002) 428-437
9. Burns N., Schlozman K.L., and Verba S. The Private Roots of Public Action: Gender, Equality, and Political Participation (2001), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
10. Campbell D.E., and Wolbrecht C. See Jane run: women politicians as role models for adolescents. Journal of Politics 68 (2006) 233-247
11. Caul M. Political parties and the adoption of candidate gender quotas: a cross-national analysis. Journal of Politics 63 (2001) 1214-1229
12. Childs S., and Withey J. Women representatives acting for women: sex and the signing of early day motions in the 1997 British parliament. Political Studies 52 (2004) 552-564
13. Christy C. Sex Difference in Political Participation: Process of Change in Fourteen Nations (1987), Praeger, New York
14. Dabelko K.C., and Herrnson P.S. Women's and men's campaigns for the U.S. House of Representatives. Political Research Quarterly 50 (1997) 121-135
15. Darcy R., Welsh S., and Clark J. Women, Elections and Representation (1994), University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln
16. Delli Carpini M.X., and Keeter S. What Americans Know about Politics and Why it Matters (1996), Yale University Press, New Haven
17. Dolan K. Symbolic mobilization? the impact of candidate sex in American elections. American Politics Research 34 (2006) 687-704
18. Farrell D.M., and McAllister I. Voter satisfaction and electoral systems: does preferential voting in candidate-centred systems make a difference?. European Journal of Political Research 45 (2006) 723-749
19. Fennema M., and Tillie J. Political participation and political trust in Amsterdam: civic communities and ethnic networks. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 24 (1999) 703-726
20. Gay C. The effect of black congressional representation on political participation. American Political Science Review 95 3 (2001) 589-602
21. Hansen S.B. Talking about politics: gender and contextual effects in political proselytizing. Journal of Politics 59 (1997) 73-103
22. Howell S.E., and Fagan D. Race and trust in government: testing the political reality model. Public Opinion Quarterly 52 (1988) 343-350
23. Inglehart M.L. Political interest in West European women: a historical and empirical political analysis. Comparative Political Studies 14 (1981) 299-326
24. Inglehart R., and Norris P. Rising tide: gender equality and cultural change around the world (2003), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
25. Jelen T.D., Thomas S., and Wilcox C. The gender gap in comparative perspective. gender differences in abstract ideology and concrete issues in Western Europe. European Journal of Political Research 25 (1994) 171-186
26. Jennings M.K., and Niemi R. Generations and Politics: A Panel Study of Young Adults and Their Parents (1981), Princeton University Press, Princeton
27. Karp J.A., Banducci S.A., and Bowler S. To know it is to love it? Satisfaction with democracy in the European Union. Comparative Political Studies 36 (2003) 271-292
28. Karp J.A., and Banducci S.A. Political mobilization and political participation in new and old democracies. Party Politics 13 (2007) 217-234
29. Koch J. Candidate gender and women's psychological engagement in politics. American Politics Research 25 (1997) 118-133
30. Krook M.L. Reforming representation: the diffusion of candidate gender quotas worldwide. Politics & Gender 2 (2006) 303-327
31. Lawless J.L. Politics of presence? Congresswomen and symbolic representation. Political Research Quarterl 57 (2004) 81-99
32. Lijphart A. Proportionality by non-PR methods: ethnic representation in Belgium, Cyprus, Lebanon, New Zealand, West Germany, and Zimbabwe. In: Grofman B., and Lijphart A. (Eds). Electoral Laws and their Political Consequences (1986), Agathon Press, New York
33. Lijphart A. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries (1999), Yale University Press, New Haven
34. Lovenduski J., and Norris P. Westminster women: the politics of presence. Political Studies 51 (2003) 84-102
35. Mansbridge J. Should blacks represent blacks and women represent women? A contingent 'yes'. Journal of Politics 61 (1999) 628-657
36. Matland R. Women's representation in national legislatures: developed and developing countries, 1945-1990. Legislative Studies Quarterly 23 (1998) 109-125
37. Norris P. Introduction: the growth of critical citizens?. In: Norris P. (Ed). Critical Citizens (1999), Oxford University Press, Oxford
38. Norris P. Electoral Engineering: Voting Rules and Political Behavior (2004), Cambridge University Press, New York
39. O'Regan V. Gender Matters: Female Policymakers' Influence in Industrialized Nations (2000), Praeger, Westport, CT
40. Pantoja A.D., and Segura G.M. Does ethnicity matter? descriptive representation in legislatures and political alienation among Latinos. Social Science Quarterly 84 (2003) 441-460
41. Rule W. Women's underrepresentation and electoral systems. PS: Political Science and Politics 27 (1994) 689-692
42. Rule W. Electoral systems, contextual factors and women's opportunity for election to parliament in twenty-three democracies. The Western Political Quarterly 40 (1987) 477-498
43. Sapiro V., and Conover P. The variable gender basis of electoral politics: gender and context in the 1992 US election. British Journal of Political Science 27 (1997) 497-523
44. Schwindt-Bayer L.A., and Mishler W. An integrated model of women's representation. Journal of Politics 67 (2005) 407-428
45. Studlar D.T., and McAllister I. Does a critical mass exist? a comparative analysis of women's legislative representation since 1950. European Journal of Political Research 41 (2002) 233-253
46. Tate K. Black political participation in the 1984 and 1988 presidential elections. American Political Science Review 85 (1991) 1159-1176
47. Ulbig, S.G. 2005. Political Realities and Political Trust: Descriptive Representation in Municipal Government. Paper presented at the 2005 Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Political Science Association.
48. Verba S., Schlozman K.L., and Brady H. Voice and Equality: Civic Volunteerism in American Politics (1995), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
49. Verba S., Burns N., and Schlozman K.L. Knowing and caring about politics: gender and political engagement. Journal of Politics 59 (1997) 1051-1072
50. Welch S. Women as political animals? A test of some explanations for male-female political participation differences. American Journal of Political Science 2 (1977) 711-730