Diabetes and CVD in South Asians: A review

Diabetes and Primary Care

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2007, Pages

  Bellary, Srikanth ^a   Barnett, Anthony ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS BIRMINGHAM NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Novel healthcare strategies; South Asians

Indexed keywords

EID: 39749157084     PISSN: 14668955     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. Agyemang C, Bhopal RS (2002) Is the blood pressure of South Asian adults in the UK higher or lower than that in European white adults? A review of cross-sectional data. Journal of Human Hypertension 16: 739-51
2. Anand SS, Yusuf S, Vuksan V et al (2000) Differences in risk factors, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease between ethnic groups in Canada. the Study of Health Assessment and Risk in Ethnic groups (SHARE). Lancet 356: 279-84
3. Anand SS, Razak F, Yi Q et al (2004) C-reactive protein as a screening test for cardiovascular risk in a multiethnic population. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 24: 1509-15
4. Barnett AH, Dixon AN, Bellary S et al (2006) Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk in the UK south Asian community. Diabetologia 49: 2234-46
5. Barroso I (2005) Genetics of Type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine 22: 517-35
6. Bhalodkar NC, Blum S, Rana T et al (2004) Comparison of levels of large and small high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Asian Indian men compared with Caucasian men in the Framingham Offspring Study. American Journal of Cardiology 94: 1561-3
7. Bhatnagar D, Anand IS, Durrington PN et al (1995) Coronary risk factors in people from the Indian subcontinent living in west London and their siblings in India. Lancet 345: 405-9
8. Bhopal R, Fischbacher C, Vartiainen E et al (2005) Predicted and observed cardiovascular disease in South Asians: application of FINRISK, Framingham and SCORE models to Newcastle Heart Project data. Journal of Public Health (Oxford) 27: 93-100
9. Burden AC, McNally PG, Feehally J, Walls J (1992) Increased incidence of end-stage renal failure secondary to diabetes mellitus in Asian ethnic groups in the United Kingdom. Diabetic Medicine 9: 641-5
10. Chaturvedi N, Fuller JH (1996) Ethnic differences in mortality from cardiovascular disease in the UK: do they persist in people with diabetes? Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 50: 137-9
11. Cruickshank JK, Jackson SH, Bannan LT et al (1983) Blood pressure in black, white and Asian factory workers in Birmingham. Postgraduate Medicine Journal 59: 622-6
12. Dhawan J, Bray CL, Warburton R et al (1994) Insulin resistance, high prevalence of diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in immigrant Asians. Generic or environmental effect? British Heart Journal 72: 413-21
13. Dixon AN, Raymond NT, Mughal S et al (2006) Prevalence of microalbuminuria and hypertension in South Asians and white Europeans with type 2 diabetes: a report from the United Kingdom Asian Diabetes Study (UKADS). Diabetes and Vascular Diseases Research 3: 22-5
14. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (2001) Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 285: 2486-97
15. Fischbacher CM, Bhopal R, Rutter MK et al (2003) Microalbuminuria is more frequent in South Asian than in European origin populations: a comparative study in Newcastle, UK. Diabetic Medicine 20:31-6
16. Fischbacher CM, Hunt S, Alexander L (2004) How physically active are South Asians in the United Kingdom? A literature review. Journal of Public Health (Oxford) 26: 250-8
17. Grant SF, Thorleifsson G, Reynisdottir I et al (2006) Variant of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene confers risk of type 2 diabetes. Nature Genetics 38: 320-3
18. Hughes K, Ong CN (2000) Homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12, and cardiovascular risk in Indians, Malays, and Chinese in Singapore. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 54: 31-4
19. IDF (2007) The IDF Consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. IDF, Brussels
20. Joshi P, Islam S, Pais P et al (2007) Risk factors for early myocardial infarction in South Asians compared with individuals in other countries. JAMA 297: 286-94
21. King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH (1998) Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care 21: 1414-31
22. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE et al (2002) Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. New England Journal of Medicine 346: 393-403
23. Krishnaveni GV, Hill JC, Veena SR et al (2005) Truncal adiposity is present at birth and in early childhood in South Indian children. Indian Pediatrics 42: 527-38
24. Kulkarni KR, Markovitz JH, Nanda NC, Segrest JP (1999) Increased prevalence of smaller and denser LDL particles in Asian Indians. Arterioscicrosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 19: 2749-55
25. Lane D, Beevers DG, Lip GY (2002) Ethnic differences in blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension in England. Journal of Human Hypertension 16: 267-73
26. Lebovitz HE (2006) Insulin resistance - a common link between type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism 8: 237-49
27. Lipscombe LL, Hux JE (2007) Trends in diabetes prevalence, incidence, and mortality in Ontario, Canada 1995-2005: a population-based study. Lancet 369: 750-6
28. Mather HM, Keen H (1985) The Southall Diabetes Survey: prevalence of known diabetes in Asians and Europeans. British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.) 291: 1081-4
29. McKeigue PM, Shah B, Marmot MG (1991) Relation of central obesity and insulin resistance with high diabetes prevalence and cardiovascular risk in South Asians. Lancet 337: 382-6
30. O'Hare JP, Raymond NT, Mughal S et al (2004) Evaluation of delivery of enhanced diabetes care to patients of South Asian ethnicity: the United Kingdom Asian Diabetes Study (UKADS). Diabetic Medicine 21: 1357-65
31. Palaniappan L, Wang Y, Fortmann SP (2004) Coronary heart disease mortality for six ethnic groups in California, 1990-2000. Annals of Epidemiology 14: 499-506
32. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Dharmaraj D, Viswanathan M (1992) Prevalence of glucose intolerance in Asian Indians. Urban-rural difference and significance of upper body adiposity. Diabetes Care 15: 1348-55
33. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Latha E et al (1997) Rising prevalence of NIDDM in an urban population in India. Diabetologia 40: 232-7
34. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Mary S et al (2006) The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1). Diabetologia 49: 289-97
35. Reaven GM (1988) Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 37: 1595-607
36. Reddy KS, Yusuf S (1998) Emerging epidemic of cardiovascular disease in developing countries. Circulation 97: 596-601
37. Shaukat N, de Bono DP, Cruickshank JK (1993) Clinical features, risk factors, and referral delay in British patients of Indian and European origin with angina matched for age and extent of coronary atheroma. BMJ 307: 717-8
38. Simmons D, Williams DR, Powell MJ (1989) Prevalence of diabetes in a predominantly Asian community: preliminary findings of the Coventry diabetes study. BMJ 298: 18-21
39. Snehalatha C, Mukesh B, Simon M (2003) Plasma adiponectin is an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes in Asian indians. Diabetes Care 26: 3226-9
40. Tillin T, Forouhi N, Johnston DG et al (2005) Metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease in South Asians, African-Caribbeans and white Europeans: a UK population-based cross-sectional study. Diabetilogia 48: 649-56
41. Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG et al (2001) Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. New England Journal of Medicine 344: 1343-50
42. UKPDS Group (1994) UK Prospective Diabetes Study. XII: Differences between Asian, Afro-Caribbean and Caucasian type 2 diabetic patients at diagnosis of diabetes. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Diabetic Medicine 11: 670-7
43. Valsamakis G, Cherry R, McTernan PG et al (2003) Fasting serum adiponectin concentration is reduced Indo-Asian subjects and is related to HDL cholesterol. Diabetes, Obesity & Mertabolism 5: 131-5
44. WHO Expert Consultation (2004) Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet 363: 157-63