Echocardiography for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Recommendations for Performance and Reporting-A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography Dyssynchrony Writing Group Endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society

Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 191-213

  Gorcsan III, John ^a   Abraham, Theodore ^b   Agler, Deborah A ^c   Bax, Jeroen J ^d   Derumeaux, Genevieve ^e   Grimm, Richard A ^c   Martin, Randy ^f   Steinberg, Jonathan S ^g   Sutton, Martin St John ^h   Yu, Cheuk Man ⁱ  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^d LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^e UNIVERSITÉ LYON 1   (France)

^f EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g ST LUKE S ROOSEVELT HOSPITAL CENTER   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

ⁱ CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Congestive Heart Failure; Doppler ultrasound; Echocardiography; Pacing Therapy

Indexed keywords

CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY; DATA ANALYSIS; DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HEART RIGHT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; MEDICAL SOCIETY; MITRAL VALVE; REVIEW;

EID: 39749133213     PISSN: 08947317     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2008.01.003     Document Type: Review

References (92)

1. W.T. Abraham D.L. Hayes Cardiac resynchronization therapy for heart failure Circulation 108 2003 2596 2603
2. C. Butter A. Auricchio C. Stellbrink Effect of resynchronization therapy stimulation site on the systolic function of heart failure patients Circulation 104 2001 3026 3029
3. J.B. Young W.T. Abraham A.L. Smith Combined Cardiac Resynchronization and Implantable Cardioversion Defibrillation in Advanced Chronic Heart Failure: The MIRACLE ICD Trial JAMA 289 2003 2685 2694
4. D.J. Bradley E.A. Bradley K.L. Baughman Cardiac Resynchronization and Death from Progressive Heart Failure: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials JAMA 289 2003 730 740
5. M.R. Bristow L.A. Saxon J. Boehmer Cardiac-Resynchronization Therapy with or without an Implantable Defibrillator in Advanced Chronic Heart Failure N Engl J Med 350 2004 2140 2150 +2227
6. J.G. Cleland J.C. Daubert E. Erdmann The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure N Engl J Med 352 2005 1539 1549
7. R.L. McSwain R.A. Schwartz D.B. DeLurgio F.V. Mera J.J. Langberg A.R. Leon The impact of cardiac resynchronization therapy on ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation: an analysis from the combined Contak-CD and InSync-ICD studies J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 16 2005 1168 1171
8. O.A. Breithardt A.M. Sinha E. Schwammenthal Acute effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on functional mitral regurgitation in advanced systolic heart failure J Am Coll Cardiol 41 2003 765 770
9. P. Lancellotti P. Melon N. Sakalihasan Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on functional mitral regurgitation in heart failure Am J Cardiol 94 2004 1462 1465
10. M.C. Porciani C. Dondina R. Macioce Echocardiographic examination of atrioventricular and interventricular delay optimization in cardiac resynchronization therapy Am J Cardiol 95 2005 1108 1110
11. M.S. Turner R.A. Bleasdale D. Vinereanu Electrical and mechanical components of dyssynchrony in heart failure patients with normal QRS duration and left bundle-branch block: Impact of left and biventricular pacing Circulation 109 2004 2544 2549
12. J. Gorcsan III H. Kanzaki R. Bazaz K. Dohi D. Schwartzman Usefulness of echocardiographic tissue synchronization imaging to predict acute response to cardiac resynchronization therapy Am J Cardiol 93 2004 1178 1181
13. S.A. Hunt W.T. Abraham M.H. Chin ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society Circulation 112 2005 e154 e235
14. C.M. Yu E. Chau J.E. Sanderson Tissue Doppler echocardiographic evidence of reverse remodeling and improved synchronicity by simultaneously delaying regional contraction after biventricular pacing therapy in heart failure Circulation 105 2002 438 445
15. J.J. Bax G.B. Bleeker T.H. Marwick Left ventricular dyssynchrony predicts response and prognosis after cardiac resynchronization therapy J Am Coll Cardiol 44 2004 1834 1840
16. J.J. Bax T. Abraham S.S. Barold Cardiac resynchronization therapy: Part 1–issues before device implantation J Am Coll Cardiol 46 2005 2153 2167
17. C.M. Yu W.T. Abraham J. Bax Predictors of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (PROSPECT) - Study design Am Heart J 149 2005 600 605
18. Ghio S, Chung E, Leon A, et al. Predictors of Response to Resynchronization Therapy. Presented at the European Society of Cardiology Meeting. Vienna, Austria. September 4, 2007 [abstract] 2007.
19. C.L. Grines T.M. Bashore H. Boudoulas S. Olson P. Shafer C.F. Wooley Functional abnormalities in isolated left bundle branch block The effect of interventricular asynchrony Circulation 79 1989 845 853
20. C.M. Yu H. Lin Q. Zhang J.E. Sanderson High prevalence of left ventricular systolic and diastolic asynchrony in patients with congestive heart failure and normal QRS duration Heart 89 2003 54 60
21. G.B. Bleeker M.J. Schalij S.G. Molhoek Frequency of left ventricular dyssynchrony in patients with heart failure and a narrow QRS complex Am J Cardiol 95 2005 140 142
22. L.E. Sade H. Kanzaki D. Severyn K. Dohi J. Gorcsan III Quantification of radial mechanical dyssynchrony in patients with left bundle branch block and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy without conduction delay by tissue displacement imaging Am J Cardiol 94 2004 514 518
23. D.D. Spragg D.A. Kass Pathobiology of left ventricular dyssynchrony and resynchronization Prog Cardiovasc Dis 49 2006 26 41
24. K.C. Bilchick R.H. Helm D.A. Kass Physiology of biventricular pacing Curr Cardiol Rep 9 2007 358 365
25. D.A. Kass Ventricular resynchronization: pathophysiology and identification of responders Rev Cardiovasc Med 4 Suppl 2 2003 S3 S13
26. C. Leclercq O. Faris R. Tunin Systolic improvement and mechanical resynchronization does not require electrical synchrony in the dilated failing heart with left bundle-branch block Circulation 106 2002 1760 1763
27. G.S. Nelson R.D. Berger B.J. Fetics Left ventricular or biventricular pacing improves cardiac function at diminished energy cost in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle-branch block Circulation 102 2000 3053 3059
28. H. Kanzaki R. Bazaz D. Schwartzman K. Dohi L.E. Sade J. Gorcsan III A mechanism for immediate reduction in mitral regurgitation after cardiac resynchronization therapy: insights from mechanical activation strain mapping J Am Coll Cardiol 44 2004 1619 1625
29. J.G. Bashir G. Frank O. Tyers M. Lampa R. Yamaoka Combined use of transesophageal ECHO and fluoroscopy for the placement of left ventricular pacing leads via the coronary sinus Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 26 2003 1951 1954
30. G. Ansalone P. Giannantoni R. Ricci P. Trambaiolo F. Fedele M. Santini Doppler myocardial imaging to evaluate the effectiveness of pacing sites in patients receiving biventricular pacing Journal of the American College of Cardiology 39 2002 489 499
31. C.M. Yu W.H. Fung H. Lin Q. Zhang J.E. Sanderson C.P. Lau Predictors of left ventricular reverse remodeling after cardiac resynchronization therapy for heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy Am J Cardiol 91 2003 684 688
32. G.B. Bleeker T.A. Kaandorp H.J. Lamb Effect of posterolateral scar tissue on clinical and echocardiographic improvement after cardiac resynchronization therapy Circulation 113 2006 969 976
33. E.C. Adelstein S. Saba Scar burden by myocardial perfusion imaging predicts echocardiographic response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in ischemic cardiomyopathy Am Heart J 153 2007 105 112
34. M.V. Pitzalis M. Iacoviello R. Romito Cardiac resynchronization therapy tailored by echocardiographic evaluation of ventricular asynchrony J Am Coll Cardiol 40 2002 1615 1622
35. M.V. Pitzalis M. Iacoviello R. Romito Ventricular asynchrony predicts a better outcome in patients with chronic heart failure receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy J Am Coll Cardiol 45 2005 65 69
36. G.M. Marcus E. Rose E.M. Viloria Septal to posterior wall motion delay fails to predict reverse remodeling or clinical improvement in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy J Am Coll Cardiol 46 2005 2208 2214
37. J.J. Bax T. Abraham S.S. Barold Cardiac resynchronization therapy: Part 2–issues during and after device implantation and unresolved questions J Am Coll Cardiol 46 2005 2168 2182
38. J.J. Bax T.H. Marwick S.G. Molhoek Left ventricular dyssynchrony predicts benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with end-stage heart failure before pacemaker implantation Am J Cardiol 92 2003 1238 1240
39. G.B. Bleeker J.J. Bax M.J. Schalij E.E. van der Wall Tissue Doppler imaging to assess left ventricular dyssynchrony and resynchronization therapy Eur J Echocardiogr 6 2005 382 384
40. A. Bortone J.C. Macia F. Leclercq J.L. Pasquie Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia induced by cardiac resynchronization therapy in patient with severe nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 29 2006 327 330
41. P. Sogaard H. Egeblad W.Y. Kim Tissue Doppler imaging predicts improved systolic performance and reversed left ventricular remodeling during long-term cardiac resynchronization therapy J Am Coll Cardiol 40 2002 723 730
42. P. Sogaard C. Hassager Tissue Doppler imaging as a guide to resynchronization therapy in patients with congestive heart failure Curr Opin Cardiol 19 2004 447 451
43. C.M. Yu J.W. Fung Q. Zhang Tissue Doppler imaging is superior to strain rate imaging and postsystolic shortening on the prediction of reverse remodeling in both ischemic and nonischemic heart failure after cardiac resynchronization therapy Circulation 110 2004 66 73
44. C.M. Yu J. Gorcsan III G.B. Bleeker Usefulness of tissue Doppler velocity and strain dyssynchrony for predicting left ventricular reverse remodeling response after cardiac resynchronization therapy Am J Cardiol 100 2007 1263 1270
45. J.J. Bax S.G. Molhoek L. van Erven Usefulness of myocardial tissue Doppler echocardiography to evaluate left ventricular dyssynchrony before and after biventricular pacing in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy Am J Cardiol 91 2003 94 97
46. J.P. Sun E. Chinchoy E. Donal Evaluation of ventricular synchrony using novel Doppler echocardiographic indices in patients with heart failure receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy J Am Soc Echocardiogr 17 2004 845 850
47. D. Notabartolo J.D. Merlino A.L. Smith Usefulness of the peak velocity difference by tissue Doppler imaging technique as an effective predictor of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy Am J Cardiol 94 2004 817 820
48. G.B. Bleeker J.J. Bax J.W. Fung Clinical versus echocardiographic parameters to assess response to cardiac resynchronization therapy Am J Cardiol 97 2006 260 263
49. C.M. Yu J.W. Fung C.K. Chan Comparison of efficacy of reverse remodeling and clinical improvement for relatively narrow and wide QRS complexes after cardiac resynchronization therapy for heart failure J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 15 2004 1058 1065
50. C.M. Yu Q. Zhang J.W.H. Fung A novel tool to assess systolic asynchrony and identify responders of cardiac resynchronization therapy by tissue synchronization imaging J Am Coll Cardiol 45 2005 677 684
51. M. Penicka J. Bartunek B. De Bruyne Improvement of left ventricular function after cardiac resynchronization therapy is predicted by tissue Doppler imaging echocardiography Circulation 109 2004 978 983
52. O.A. Breithardt C. Stellbrink L. Herbots P. Claus A.M. Sinha B. Bijnens P. Hanrath G.R. Sutherland Cardiac resynchronization therapy can reverse abnormal myocardial strain distribution in patients with heart failure and left bundle branch block J Am Coll Cardiol 42 2003 486 494
53. C.M. Yu Q. Zhang Y.S. Chan Tissue Doppler velocity is superior to displacement and strain mapping in predicting left ventricular reverse remodelling response after cardiac resynchronisation therapy Heart 92 2006 1452 1456
54. M.S. Suffoletto K. Dohi M. Cannesson S. Saba J. Gorcsan III Novel speckle-tracking radial strain from routine black-and-white echocardiographic images to quantify dyssynchrony and predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy Circulation 113 2006 960 968
55. R.H. Helm C. Leclercq O.P. Faris Cardiac dyssynchrony analysis using circumferential versus longitudinal strain: implications for assessing cardiac resynchronization Circulation 111 2005 2760 2767
56. J. D’Hooge A. Heimdal F. Jamal Regional Strain and Strain Rate Measurements by Cardiac Ultrasound: Principles, Implementation and Limitations Eur J Echocardiogr 1 2000 154 170
57. K. Dohi M.S. Suffoletto D. Schwartzman L. Ganz M.R. Pinsky J. Gorcsan III Utility of echocardiographic radial strain imaging to quantify left ventricular dyssynchrony and predict acute response to cardiac resynchronization therapy Am J Cardiol 96 2005 112 116
58. K. Dohi M.R. Pinsky H. Kanzaki D. Severyn J. Gorcsan III Effects of radial left ventricular dyssynchrony on cardiac performance using quantitative tissue Doppler radial strain imaging J Am Soc Echocardiogr 19 2006 475 482
59. J. Gorcsan III M. Tanabe G.B. Bleeker Combined longitudinal and radial dyssynchrony predicts ventricular response after resynchronization therapy J Am Coll Cardiol 50 2007 1476 1483
60. L. Sugeng L. Weinert R.M. Lang Left ventricular assessment using real time three dimensional echocardiography Heart 89 Suppl 3 2003 iii29 iii36
61. S. Kapetanakis M.T. Kearney A. Siva N. Gall M. Cooklin M.J. Monaghan Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: a novel technique to quantify global left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony Circulation 112 2005 992 1000
62. P. Bordachar S. Lafitte S. Reuter Echocardiographic parameters of ventricular dyssynchrony validation in patients with heart failure using sequential biventricular pacing J Am Coll Cardiol 44 2004 2157 2165
63. A. Achilli C. Peraldo M. Sassara Prediction of Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: The Selection of Candidates for CRT (SCART) Study Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 29 Suppl 2 2006 S11 S19
64. S. Ghio C. Constantin C. Klersy Interventricular and intraventricular dyssynchrony are common in heart failure patients, regardless of QRS duration Eur Heart J 25 2004 571 578
65. M. Richardson N. Freemantle M.J. Calvert J.G. Cleland L. Tavazzi Predictors and treatment response with cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure characterized by dyssynchrony: a pre-defined analysis from the CARE-HF trial Eur Heart J 28 2007 1827 1834
66. O.A. Breithardt C. Stellbrink A.P. Kramer Echocardiographic quantification of left ventricular asynchrony predicts an acute hemodynamic benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy J Am Coll Cardiol 40 2002 536 545
67. M. Cannesson M. Tanabe M.S. Suffoletto D. Schwartzman J. Gorcsan III Velocity vector imaging to quantify ventricular dyssynchrony and predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy Am J Cardiol 98 2006 949 953
68. M.G. Sutton T. Plappert K.E. Hilpisch W.T. Abraham D.L. Hayes E. Chinchoy Sustained reverse left ventricular structural remodeling with cardiac resynchronization at one year is a function of etiology: quantitative Doppler echocardiographic evidence from the Multicenter InSync Randomized Clinical Evaluation (MIRACLE) Circulation 113 2006 266 272
69. M.S. Sutton M.G. Keane Reverse remodeling in heart failure with cardiac resynchronisation therapy Heart 93 2007 167 171
70. S.D. Solomon H. Skali N.S. Anavekar Changes in ventricular size and function in patients treated with valsartan, captopril, or both after myocardial infarction Circulation 111 2005 3411 3419
71. C.M. Yu G.B. Bleeker J.W. Fung Left ventricular reverse remodeling but not clinical improvement predicts long-term survival after cardiac resynchronization therapy Circulation 112 2005 1580 1586
72. R.T. Murphy G. Sigurdsson S. Mulamalla Tissue synchronization imaging and optimal left ventricular pacing site in cardiac resynchronization therapy Am J Cardiol 97 2006 1615 1621
73. A. Ronaszeki Hemodynamic Consequences of the Timing of Atrial Contraction During Complete AV Block Acta Biomedica Lovaniensia 15 1989
74. A. Auricchio C. Stellbrink M. Block Effect of pacing chamber and atrio-ventricular delay on acute systolic function of paced patients with congestive heart failure: the Pacing Therapies for Congestive Heart Failure Study Group: the Guidant Congestive Heart Failure Research Group Circulation. Circulation 99 1999 2993 3001
75. C. Stelbrink O.A. Breithardt A. Franke Impact of cardiac resychronization therapy using hemodynamically optimized pacing on left ventricular remodeling in patients with congestive heart failure and ventricular conduction disturbances J Am Coll Cardiol 38 2001 1957 1965
76. N.S. Sawhney A.D. Waggoner S. Garhwal M.K. Chawla J. Osborn M.N. Faddis Randomized prospective trial of atrioventricular delay programming for cardiac resynchronization therapy Heart Rhythm 1 2004 562 567
77. N. Kedia K. Ng C. Apperson-Hansen Usefulness of atrioventricular delay optimization using Doppler assessment of mitral inflow in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy Am J Cardiol 98 2006 780 785
78. A. Waggoner M. Faddis J. Osborn AV delay programming and cardiac resynchronization therapy: left ventricular diastolic filling indices and relation to stroke volume J Am Coll Cardiol 45 3A 2005 99A
79. P. Ritter L. Padeletti L. Gillio-Meina Determination of the optimal atrioventricular delay in DDD pacing: comparison between echo and peak endocardial acceleration measurements Europace 1 1999 126 130
80. J.K. Oh L. Hatle A.J. Tajik W.C. Little Diastolic heart failure can be diagnosed by comprehensive two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography J Am Coll Cardiol 47 2006 500 506
81. Harry M. Pacemaker Optimization. In: Harry M, ed. Essentials of Echocardiography: An Illustrative Guide. Cardiac Ultrasound Consulting : Cardiotext, 2006:256-257.
82. M.C. Porciani C. Dondina R. Macioce Temporal variation in optimal atrioventricular and interventricular delay during cardiac resynchronization therapy J Card Fail 12 2006 715 719
83. T.Z. Naqvi A.M. Rafique C.T. Peter Echo-driven V-V optimization determines clinical improvement in non responders to cardiac resynchronization treatment Cardiovasc Ultrasound 4 2006 39
84. M. Vanderheyden T. De Backer M. Rivero-Ayerza Tailored echocardiographic interventricular delay programming further optimizes left ventricular performance after cardiac resynchronization therapy Heart Rhythm 2 2005 1066 1072
85. G.B. Perego R. Chianca M. Facchini Simultaneous vs. sequential biventricular pacing in dilated cardiomyopathy: an acute hemodynamic study Eur J Heart Fail 5 2003 305 313
86. G. Boriani C.P. Muller K.H. Seidl Randomized comparison of simultaneous biventricular stimulation versus optimized interventricular delay in cardiac resynchronization therapy The Resynchronization for the HemodYnamic Treatment for Heart Failure Management II implantable cardioverter defibrillator (RHYTHM II ICD) study Am Heart J 151 2006 1050 1058
87. P. Sogaard H. Egeblad A.K. Pedersen Sequential versus simultaneous biventricular resynchronization for severe heart failure: Evaluation by tissue Doppler imaging Circulation 106 2002 2078 2084
88. P. Bordachar S. Garrigue S. Lafitte Interventricular and intra-left ventricular electromechanical delays in right ventricular paced patients with heart failure: implications for upgrading to biventricular stimulation Heart 89 2003 1401 1405
89. P. Bordachar S. Garrigue S. Reuter Hemodynamic assessment of right, left, and biventricular pacing by peak endocardial acceleration and echocardiography in patients with end-stage heart failure Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 23 2000 1726 1730
90. G.B. Bleeker E.R. Holman P. Steendijk Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with a narrow QRS complex J Am Coll Cardiol 48 2006 2243 2250
91. C.M. Yu Y.S. Chan Q. Zhang Benefits of cardiac resynchronization therapy for heart failure patients with narrow QRS complexes and coexisting systolic asynchrony by echocardiography J Am Coll Cardiol 48 2006 2251 2257
92. J.F. Beshai R.A. Grimm S.F. Nagueh Cardiac-resynchronization therapy in heart failure with narrow QRS complexes N Engl J Med 357 2007 2461 2471