A test of biogeographical, environmental, and ecological effect on middle and Late Triassic brachiopod and bivalve abundance patterns

Palaios

Volumn 23, Issue 1-2, 2008, Pages 43-54

  Bonuso, Nicole ^a   Bottjer, David J ^b  

^a CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; BIOGEOGRAPHY; BIVALVE; BRACHIOPOD; DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT; GEOGRAPHICAL REGION; STRATIGRAPHY; TAXONOMY; TRIASSIC;

BIVALVIA;

EID: 39549087647     PISSN: 08831351     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2110/palo.2006.p06-006r     Document Type: Article

References (143)

1. ABERHAN, M., KIESSLING, W., and FüRSICH, F.T., 2006, Testing the role of biological interactions in the evolution of mid-Mesozoic marine benthic ecosystems: Paleobiology, v. 32, p. 259-277.
2. AGER, D.V., 1965, The adaptation of Mesozoic brachiopods to different environments: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 1, p. 143-172.
3. AGER, D.V., 1967, Some Mesozoic Brachiopods in the Tethys Region, in Adams, C.G., and Ager, D.V., eds., Aspects of Tethyan Biogeography: Special Publication 7, Systematics Association, London, p. 135-151.
4. AGER, D.V., 1971, Space and time in brachiopod history, in Middlemiss, F.A., and Rawson, P.F., eds., Faunal Provinces in Space and Time: Seel, Liverpool, p. 95-110.
5. AGER, D.V., 1988, Extinctions and survivals in the Brachiopoda and the dangers of data bases, in Larwood, G.P., ed., Extinction and Survival in the Fossil Record: System Association, Special Volume, v. 34, p. 89-97, Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, Oxford,
6. ALROY, J., 1998, Paleobiology Database, http://paleodb.org, checked 10/31/07, updated daily.
7. BENTON, M.J., 1995, Diversification and extinction in the history of life: Science, v. 268, p. 52-58.
8. BIELER, R., 1992, Gastropod phylogeny and systematics: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, v. 23, p. 311-338.
9. BIONDINI, M.E., BONHAM, C.D., and REDENTE, E.F., 1985, Secondary successional patterns in a sagebush (Artemisia tridentata) community as they relate to soil disturbance and soil biological activity: Vegetatio, v. 60, p. 25-36.
10. CARLSON, S.J., 2001, Ghosts of the past, present, and future in brachiopod systematics: Journal of Paleontology, v. 75, p. 1109-1118.
11. CARLSON, S.J., and LEIGHTON, L.R., 2001, The phylogeny and classification of Rhynchonelliformea, in Carlson, S.J., and Sandy, M.R., eds., Brachiopods Ancient and Modern: A Tribute to G. Arthur Cooper: Paleontological Society Papers, v. 7, p. 27-51.
12. CARTER, J.G., CAMPBELL, D.C., and CAMPBELL, M.R., 2000, Cladistic perspectives on early bivalve evolution, in Harper, E.M., Taylor, J. D., and Crame, J. A., eds., The Evolutionary Biology of the Bivalvia, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 177, p. 47-79.
13. CARTER, J.L., JOHNSON, J.G., GOURVENNEC, R., and HOU, H.-F., 1994, A revised classification of the spiriferid brachiopods: Annals of the Camegie Museum, v. 64, p. 327-374.
14. CHASE, R., 2002, Behavior and Its Neural Control in Gastropod Molluscs: Oxford University Press, Oxford, 336 p.
15. CHEN, Z.-Q., KAIHO, K., and GEORGE, A.D., 2005a, Early Triassic recovery of the brachiopod faunas from the end-Permian mass extinction: A global review: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 224, p. 270-290.
16. CHEN, Z.-Q., KAIHO, K., and GEORGE, A.D., 2005b, Survival strategies of brachiopod faunas from the end-Permian mass extinction: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 224, p. 232-269.
17. CORNELL UNIVERSITY, 1979, DECORANA - A FORTRAN Program for Detrended Correspondence Analysis and Reciprocal Averaging: Ithaca, New York.
18. CRANFORD, P.J., and GRANT, J., 1990, Particle clearance and adsorption of phytoplankton and detritus by the sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin): Journal of Experience Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 137, p. 105-121.
19. DAGYS, A.S., 1993, Geographic differentiation of Triassic brachiopods, in Manceñido, M.O., ed., Brachiopod and Molluscan Biogeography, Palaeoecology and Stratigraphy: A tribute to Derek Ager: Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology, Special Issue, v. 100, p. 79-87.
20. DIGBY, P.G.N., and KEMPTON, R.A., 1987, Multivariate analysis of ecological communities: Chapman & Hall, London, 206 p.
21. EMBRY, A.F., 1988, Triassic sea-level changes: Evidence from the Canadian Arctic archipelago, in Wilgus, C.K., Hastings, B.S., Ross, C.A., Posamentier, H., Van Wagoner, J., and Kendall, C.G.S.C., eds., Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publications, vol. 42: Tulsa, Oklahoma, p. 249-260.
22. ENOS, P., JIAYONC, W., and YANGJI, Y., 1997, Facies distribution and retreat of Middle Triassic platform margin, Guizhou Province, South China: Sedimentology, v. 44, p. 563-584.
23. ERWIN, D.H., 1994, The Permo-Triassic extinction: Nature, v. 367, p. 231-236.
24. ERWIN, D.H., 1998, The end and the beginning: Recoveries from the mass extinctions: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 13, p. 344-349.
25. ERWIN, D.H., VALENTINE, J.W., and SEPKOSKI, J.J., JR., 1987, A comparative study of diversification events: The early Paleozoic versus the Mesozoic: Evolution, v. 41, p. 1177-1186.
26. FRAISER, M., and BOTTJER, D.J., 2005, Restructuring in the benthic level-bottom shallow marine communities due to prolonged environmental stress following the end-Permian mass extinction: Comptes Rendus Palevol, v. 4, p. 515-523.
27. FRAISER, M., and BOTTJER, D.J., 2007, When bivalves took over the world: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 33, p. 397-413.
28. FÜRSICH, F.T., and WENDT, J., 1977, Biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of the Cassian Formation (Triassic) of the Southern Alps: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 22, p. 257-323.
29. GAETANI, M., 1969, Osservazioni paleontologiche e stratigrafiche sullÁnisico delle Giudicarie (Trento): Rivista Italiana Paleontologia, v. 75, p. 469-546.
30. GAETANI, M., FOIS, E., JADOUL, E., and NICORA, A., 1981, Nature and evolution of Middle Triassic carbonate build-ups in the Dolomites (Italy): Marine Geology, v. 44, p. 25-57.
31. GAETANI, M., and JADOUL, F., 1979, The structure of the Bergamasc Alps: Atti Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Classe di Scienze Fisiche Matematiche e Naturali, Rendiconti, 1892-?, v. 66, p. 411-416.
32. GALÁCZ, A., HORVÁTH, F, and VÖRÖS, A., 1985, Sedimentary and structural evolution of the Bakony Mountains (Transdanubian Central Range, Hungary): Paleogeo-graphic implications: Acta Geologica Hungarica, v. 28, p. 85-100.
33. GAUCH, H.G.J., 1982, Multivariate Analysis in Community Ecology: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 295 p.
34. GOLEBIOSKI, R., 1989, Stratigraphiw und Biofazies de Kossener Formation (Obertrias, Nordliche Kalkalpen): Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, p. 253.
35. GOLEBIOSKI, R., 1991, Becken und Riffe der alpinen Obertrias: Lithostratigraphie und Biofazies der Kössener Formation, in Nagel, D., and Rabeder, G., eds., Exkursionen im Jungpalaozoikum and Mesozoikum Sterreichs: Osterreiche Palaontologische Geselischaft, Vienna, p. 80-119.
36. GONZALEZ-LEON, C.M., TAYLOR, D.G., and STANLEY, G.D., JR. , 1996, The Antimonio Formation in Sonora, Mexico, and the Triassic-Jurassic boundary: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 33, p. 418-428.
37. GOODWIN, D.H., 1999, Paleontology, paleoecology and depositional environments within the Upper Triassic (Norian) carbonate strata of the Antimonio Formation, Northwest Sonora, Mexico: Unpublished master's thesis, University of Montana, Missoula, 209 p.
38. GOULD, S.J., and CALLOWAY, C.B., 1980, Clams and brachiopods: Ships that pass in the night: Paleobiology, v. 6, p. 383-396.
39. GRADSTEIN, F.M., COOPER, R.A., SADLER, P.M., HINNOV, L.A., SMITH, A.G., OGG, J.G., VILLENEUVE, M., McARTHUR, M., HOWARTH, R.J., AGTERBERG, F.P., ROBB, L.J., KNOLL, A.H., PLUMB, K.A., SHIELDS, G.A., STRAUSS, H., VEIZER, J., BLEEKER, W., SHERGOLD, J.H., MELCHIN, M.J., HOUSE, M.R., DAVYDOV, V., WARDLAW, B.R., LUTERBACHER, H.R, ALI, J.R., BRINKHUIS, H., HOOKER, J.J., MONECHI, S., POWELL, J., RÖHL, U., SANFILIPPO, A., SCHMITZ, B., LOURENS, L., HILGEN, F., SHACKLETON, N.J., LASKAR, J., WILSON, D., GIBBARD, P., VAN KOLFSCHOTEN, T., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 589 p.
40. GRANT, R.E., 1981, Living Habits of Ancient Articulate Brachiopods, in Dutro, J.T., and Boardman, R.S., eds., Lophophorates: Notes for a Short Course, Volume 5, University of Tennessee, Department of Geological Sciences, Knoxville, Tennessee, p. 127-140.
41. HALLAM, A., 1986, Evidence of displaced terranes from Permian to Jurassic faunas around the Pacific margin: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 143, p. 209-216.
42. HALLAM, A., 1991, Why was there a delayed radiation after the end-Palaeozoic extinctions?: Historical Biology, v. 5, p. 257-262.
43. HAQ, B.U., HARDENBOL, J., and VAIL, P.R., 1987, Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic: Science, v. 235, p. 1156-1167.
44. HARDENBOL, J., THIERRY, J., FARLEY, M.B., DE GRACIANSKY, PIERRE-CHARLES, and VAIL, P.R., 1998, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequence chronostratigrapbic framework of European basins, in de Graciansky, P.-C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, T., and Vail, PR., eds., Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequence stratigraphy of European basins: SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), Tulsa, Oklahoma, Special Publication, v. 60, p. 3-13.
45. HARPER, E.M., 1991, The role of predation in the evolution of cementation in bivalves: Palaeontology, v. 34, p. 455-460.
46. HAUTMANN, M., 2001, Taxonomy and phylogeny of cementing Triassic bivalves (families Prospondylidae, Plicatulidae, Dimyidae and Ostreidae): Palaeontology, v. 44, p. 339-373.
47. HAUTMANN, M., 2004, Early Mesozoic evolution of alivincular bivalve ligaments and its implication for the timing of the "Mesozoic marine revolution": Lethaia, v. 37, p. 165-172.
48. HILL, M.O., and GAUCH, H.G.J., 1980, Detrended correspondence analysis: An improved ordination technique: Vegetatio, v. 42, p. 42-58.
49. HOGLER, J.A., 1992, Community structure, paleoccology, and depositional environments within the Upper Triassic Luning Formation of Nevada: Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of California. Berkeley, p. 239.
50. JABLONSKI, D., 1995, Extinctions in the fossil record, in Lawton, J.H., and May, R.M., eds., Extinction Rates: Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
51. JABLONSKI, D., 1998, Geographic variation in the molluscan recovery from the end- Cretaceous extinction: Science, v. 279, p. 1327-1330.
52. JABLONSKI, D., 2002, Survival without recovery after mass extinctions: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, v. 99, p. 8139-8144.
53. JADOUL, E, GERVASUTTI, M., and FANTINI SESTINI, N., 1992, The Middle Triassic of the Brembana Valley: Preliminary study of the Esino Platform (Bergamasc Alps): Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, v. 98, p. 299-324.
54. JØRGENSEN, C.B., 1990, Bivalve filter-feeding: Hydrodynamics, Bioenergetics, Physiology and Ecology.: Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg, Denmark, 140 p.
55. KAESLER, R.L., ed., 1997, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part H, Revised, Brachiopoda, v. I: Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, Boulder, Colorado, and Lawrence, Kansas, p. 1-539.
56. KAIM, A., 1997, Brachiopod-bivalve assemblages of the Middle Triassic Terebratula beds, Upper Silesia, Poland: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, v. 42, p. 333-359.
57. KNIGHT, J.B., COX, L.R., KEEN, A.M., BATTEN, R.L., YOCHELSON, E.L. , and ROBERTSON, R., 1960, Systematic descriptions [Archaeogastropoda], in Moore, R.C., ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part I. Mollusca 1: Geological Society of America, Denver, and University of Kansas, Lawrence, p. 169-310.
58. KOCHANOVÁ, M., and PEVNY, J., 1982, Bivalves and brachiopods from Wetterstein limestones of Ostry vrch (Male Karpaty Mrs.): Zapadne Karpaty: Seria Paleontologia, v. 8, p. 7-40.
59. KONDO, Y., 1998, Adaptive strategies of suspension-feeding, soft-bottom infaunal bivalves to physical disturbance: Evidence from fossil preservation, in Johnston, P.A.., and Haggart, James W, eds., Bivalves: An Eon of Evolution: Paleobiological studies honoring Norman D. Newell: University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta, p, 377-391.
60. KOWALEWSKI, M., GÜRS, K., NERELSICK, J.H., OSCHMANN, W, PILLER, WE., and HOFFMEISTER, A.P., 2002, Multivariate hierarchical analyses of Miocene mollusk assemblages of Europe: Paleogeographic, paleoecological, and biostratigraphic implications: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 114, p. 239-256.
61. KOWALEWSKI, M., KIESSLING, W, ABERHAN, M., FURSICH, F.T., SCARPONI, D., WOOD, S.L.B., and HOFFMEISTER, A.P., 2006, Ecological, taxonomic, and taphonomic components of the post-Paleozoic increase in sample-level species diversity of marine benthos: Paleobiology, v. 32, p. 533-561.
62. LASIAK, T., 2003, Influence of taxonomic resolution, biological attributes and data transformations on multivariate comparisons of rocky macrofaunal assemblages: Marine Ecology-Progress Series, v. 250, p. 29-34.
63. LAWS, R.A., 1982, Late Triassic depositional environments and molluscan associations from west-central Nevada: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 37, p. 131-149.
64. LINSLEY, R.M., 1978, Locomotion rates and shell form in the Gastropoda: Malacologia, v. 17, p. 193-206.
65. MCCUNE, B., 1997, Community Structure and Analysis: Oregon State University, Corvallis.
66. MCCUNE, B., GRACE, J.B., and URBAN, D.L., 2002, Analysis of Ecological Communities: MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, 304 p.
67. McROBERTS, C.A., 1997, Late Triassic (Norian-Rhaetian) bivalves from the Antimonio Formation, northwestern Sonora, Mexico, in Stanley, G.D., Jr., and Gonzalez-Leon, C.M., eds., International workshop on the geology of northwestern Sonora: Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, v. 14, p. 167-177.
68. McROBERTS, C.A., 2001, Triassic bivalves and the initial marine Mesozoic revolution: A role for predators?: Geology, v. 29, p. 359-362.
69. McROBERTS, C.A., FURRER, H., and JONES, D.S., 1997, Paleoenvironmental interpretation of a Triassic-Jurassic boundary section from Western Austria based on palaeoecological and geochemical data: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoccology, v. 136, p. 79-95.
70. McROBERTS, C.A., and NEWTON, C.R., 1995, Selective extinction among endriassic European bivalves: Geology, v. 23, p. 102-104.
71. MICHALIK, J., 1977, Systematics and ecology of Zeilleria Bayle and other brachiopods in the uppermost Triassic of West Carpathians: Geologicky Sbornik, v. 28, p. 323-346.
72. MICHALIK, J., 1987, Development and structures of the Triassic and Liassic brachiopod communities, in Pokorný, V, ed., Contributions of Czechoslovak Paleontology to Evolutionary Science, 1945-1985: Charles University, Prague, p. 39-53.
73. MICHALIK, J., 1994, Notes on the paleogeography and paleotectonics of the Western Carpathian area during the Mesozoic: Mitteilungen der Osterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, v. 86, p. 101-110.
74. MIELKE, P.W.J., 1984, Meteorological applications of permutation techniques based on distance functions, in Krishnaiah, P.R., and Sen, RK., eds., Handbook of Statistics: Vol. 4, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, p. 813-830.
75. MILLER, A.I., 1990, Bivalves, in McNamara, K.J., ed., Evolutionary Trends: Belhaven Press, Tucson, Arizona, p. 143-161.
76. MOORE, R.C., ed., 1969, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part N, Mollusca 6, Bivalvia, v. 1: Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas, New York and Lawrence, Kansas, 1-489 p.
77. NAKAZAWA, K., and RUNNEGAR, B., 1973, The Permian-Triassic boundary-A crisis for bivalves?, in Logan, A., and Hills, LX, eds., The Permian and Triassic Systems and Their Mutual Boundaries: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 2, Calgary, p. 608-621.
78. OHLEN, H.R., 1959, The Steinplatte reef complex of the Alpine Triassic (Rhaetian) of Austria: Unpublished doctoral thesis, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, p. 265.
79. PÁLFY, J., 1990, Paleoccological significance of Anisian (Middle Triassic) brachiopod assemblages from the Balaton Highland, Hungary, in MacKinnon, D.I., Lee, D.E., and Campbell, J.D., eds., Second Annual International Brachiopod Congress: Vol. 2, Balkema Press, Rotterdam, p. 241-246.
80. PÁLFY, J., 2003, The Pelsonian brachiopod fauna of the Balaton Highland., in Vörös, A., ed., The Pelsonian Substage on the Balaton Highland (Middle Triassic, Hungary): Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica, v. 55, p. 139-158.
81. PECK, L.S., 2001a, Ecology of articulated brachiopods, in Carlson, S.J., and Sandy, M.R., eds., Brachiopods Ancient and Modern: A Tribute to G. Arthur Cooper: Paleontological Society Papers, v. 7, p. 171-184.
82. PECK, L.S., 2001b, Physiology, in Carlson, S.J., and Sandy, M.R., eds., Brachiopods Ancient and Modern: A Tribute to G. Arthur Cooper: Paleontological Society Papers, v. 7, p. 89-104.
83. PEVNY, J., 1988, Anisian and Norian brachiopods of the Tethys region, in Dercourt, J., and Nairn, A.E.M., eds., Contributions in Paleobiology, Vol. 1: International Geological Correlation Programme, Jakarta, p. 47-60.
84. PIELOU, E.C., 1984, The Interpretation of Ecological Data: A Primer on Classification and Ordination: Wiley, New York, 288 p.
85. PILLER, W.E., 1981, The Steinplatte reef complex, part of an Upper Triassic carbonate platform near Salzburg, Austria, in Toomey, D.E, ed., European Fossil Reef Models: Special Publication 30, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, p. 261-290.
86. POJETA, J., JR., 1980, Molluscan Phylogeny: Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology, v. 16, p. 55-80.
87. POJETA, J., JR., RUNNEGAR, B., PEEL, J.S., and GORDON, M., JR. , 1987, Phylum Mollusca, in Boardman, R.S., Cheetham, A.H., and Rowell, A.J., Fossil Invertebrates: Blackwell Science, Cambridge, U.K., p. 270-435.
88. PRUSS, S.B., 2004, Proliferation of Early Triassic wrinkle structures: Implications for environmental stress following the end-Permian mass extinction: Geology, v. 32, p. 461-464.
89. PRUSS, S.B., CORSETTI, F.A., and BOTTJER, D.J., 2005, The unusual sedimentary rock record of the Early Triassic: A case study from the Southwestern United States: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 222, p. 33-52.
90. RAUP, D.M., 1986, Biological extinction in Earth history: Science, v. 231, p. 1528-1533.
91. RAUP, D.M., 1994, The role of extinction in evolution: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, v. 91, p. 6758-6763.
92. ROWELL, A.J., 1981, The origin of the brachiopods, in Dutro, J.T., and Boardman, R.S., eds., Lophophorates, notes for a short course, Vol. 5: University of Tennessee, Department of Geological Sciences, Knoxville, Tennessee, p. 97-109.
93. ROWELL, A.J., and GRANT, R.E., 1987, Phylum Brachiopoda, in Boardman, R.S., Cheetham, A.H., and Rowell, A.J., eds., Fossil Invertebrates: Blackwell, Palo Alto, California, p. 445-496.
94. RUDWICK, M.J.S., 1970, Living and Fossil Brachiopods: Hutchinson University Library, London. 199 p.
95. SANDY, M.R., 1994, Triassic-Jurassic articulate brachiopods from the Pucará Group, central Peru, and description of the brachial net in the spiriferid Spondylospira: Palaeontographica, Abteilung A: Palaeozoologie-Stratigraphie, v, 233, p. 99-126.
96. SANDY, M.R., 1997, Mesozoic Brachiopoda from North America, with particular reference to Mexico: Shedding light on paleoecology, paleobiogeography, biostratigraphy, and evolution., in Gonzales-Leon, C.M., and Stanley, G.D., Jr., eds., US-Mexico Cooperative Research: International Workshop on the Geology of Sonora Memoir: Publicaciones Ocasionales 1, Estacion regional del Noroeste, Instituto de Geologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, p. 58-62.
97. SANDY, M.R., and BLODGETT, R.B., 2002, Triassic brachiopod faunas of Alaska, in American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Pacific Section, and Society of Petroleum Engineers, Western Region, Conference, Energy Frontiers: A 2002 Perspective Joint Conference of Geoscientists and Petroleum Engineers: vol. 86, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, p. 1158.
98. SANDY, M.R., and STANLEY, G.D., JR., 1993, Late Triassic brachiopods from the Luning Formation, Nevada, and their palaeobiogeographical significance: Palaeontology, v. 36, p. 439-480.
99. SAVAGE, N.M., 1996, Classification of Paleozoic Rhynchonellid brachiopods, in Copper, P., and Jin, J., eds., Brachiopods: Balkema Press, Rotterdam, p. 249-260.
100. SCARPONI, D., and KOWALEWSKI, M., 2004, Stratigraphic paleoecology: Bathymetric signatures and sequence overprint of mollusk associations from upper Quaternary sequences of the Po Plain, Italy: Geology, v. 32, p. 989-992.
101. SCHNEIDER, J.A., 2001, Bivalve systematics during the 20th century: Journal of Paleontology, v. 75, p. 1119-1127.
102. SCHUBERT, J.K., and BOTTJER, D.J., 1995, Aftermath of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction event: Paleaecology of Lower Triassic carbonates in the western USA: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 116, p. 1-39.
103. SEPKOSKI, J.J., JR., 1991, A factor analytic description of the Phanerozoic marine record: Paleobiology, v. 7, p. 36-53.
104. SEPKOSKI, J.J., JR., 1993, Ten years in the library: New data confirm paleontological patterns: Paleobiology, v. 19, p. 43-51.
105. SEPKOSKI, J.J., JR., and KENDRICK, D.C., 1993, Numerical experiments with model monophyletic and paraphyletic taxa: Paleobiology, v. 19, p. 168-184.
106. SEPKOSKI, J.J., JR., and MILLER, A.I., 1985, Evolutionary faunas and the distribution of Paleozoic marine communities in space and time, in Valentine, J.W., ed., Phanerozoic Diversity Patterns: Profiles in Macroevolution: Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, p. 153-190.
107. SHI G.R., 1993, Multivariate data analysis in palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography - A review: Palaegeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 105, p. 199-234.
108. SIBLÍK, M., 1986, Carnian rhynchonellid brachiopods from the Slovak Karst area: Západné Karpaty, Séria paleontologia, v. 11, p. 7-34.
109. SKELTON, P.W., CRAME, J.A., MORRIS, N.J., and HARPER, E.M. , 1990, Adaptive divergence and taxonomic radiation in post-Palaeozoic bivalves, in Taylor, P.D., and Larwood, G.P., eds., Symposium on Major Evolutionary Radiations: vol. 42, Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 91-117.
110. STANLEY, G.D., JR., 1997, Upper Triassic fossils from the Antimonio Formation, Sonora and their implications for paleoecology and paleogeography, in Gonzales-Leon, C.M., and Stanley, G.D., Jr., eds., US-Mexico Cooperative Research: International Workshop on the Geology of Sonora Memoir: Publicaciones Ocasionales 1: Estacion regional del Noroeste, Instituto de Geologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, p. 62-65.
111. STANLEY, G.D., JR., GONZALEZ-LEON, C., SANDY, M.R., SENOWBARI-DARYAN, B., DOYLE, P., TAMURA, M., and ERWIN, D.H., 1994, Upper Triassic invertebrates from the Antimonio Formation, Sonora, Mexico: Paleontological Society, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, 33 p.
112. STANLEY, S.M., 1968, Post-Paleozoic adaptive radiation of infaunal bivalve molluscs: A consequence of mantle fusion and siphon formation: Journal of Paleontology, v. 42, p. 214-229.
113. STANLEY, S.M., 1970, Relation of shell form to life habits of the Bivalvia (Mollusca): Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado, 296 p.
114. STANLEY, S.M., 1972, Functional morphology and evolution of byssally attached bivalve mollusks: Journal of Paleontology, v. 46, p. 165-212.
115. STANLEY, S.M., 1977, Trends, rates, and patterns of evolution in the Bivalvia, in Hallam, A., ed., Patterns of Evolution: Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 209-50.
116. STANLEY, S.M., 1981, Infaunal survival: Alternative functions of shell ornamentation in the Bivalvia (Mollusca): Paleobiology, v. 7, p. 384-393.
117. STEINER, G., and HAMMER, S., 2000, Molecular phylogeny of the Bivalvia inferred from 18S rDNA sequences with particular reference to the Pteriomorphia: Special Publications, Geological Society, London, v. 177, p. 11-29.
118. STILLER, F., 2001, Fossilvergesellschaftungen, Paläoökologie und paläosynökologische Entwicklung im Oberen Anisium (Mittlere Trias) von Qingyan, insbesondere Bangtoupo, Provinz Guizhou, Südwestchina: Münstersche Forschungen zur Geologie und Paläontologie, v. 92, p. 1-523.
119. SUESS, E., 1854, Über die Brachiopoden der Kössener Schichten: Denkschriften der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, v. 7, p. 29-65.
120. TAMARO, L.G., and SARTORI, S., 1996, Mathematical model of brachiopods and benthic molluscs spreading in the tethyan Permo-Triassic, in Braga, G.F., Finotti, F., and Piccoli, G., eds,, Reports of Shallow Tethys 4: International Symposium, Albrechtsberg, Austria, 8-11 September 1994, Annali dei Musei Civici di Rovereto, Sezione Archeologia, Storia e Scienze Naturali, suppl, v. 11, p. 289-300.
121. THAYER, C.W., 1979, Biological Bulldozers and the Evolution of Marine Benthic Communities: Science, v. 203, p. 458-461.
122. THAYER, C.W., 1981, Ecology of Living Brachiopods, in Dutro, J.T., and Boardman, R.S., ed., Lophophorates: Notes for a Short Course, vol. 5, University of Tennessee, Department of Geological Sciences, Knoxville, p. 110-126.
123. TOMAŠOVÝCH, A., 2004a, Effect of extrinsic factors on biofabric and brachiopod alteration in a shallow intraplatform carbonate setting (Upper Triassic, West Carpathians): PALAIOS, v. 19, p. 349-371.
124. TOMAŠOVÝCH, A., 2004b, Microfacies and depositional environment of an Upper Triassic intra-platform carbonate basin: The Fatric Unit of the West Carpathians (Slovakia): Facies, v. 50, p. 77-105.
125. TOMAŠOVÝCH, A., 2006, Brachiopod and bivalve ecology in the Late Triassic (Alps, Austria): Onshore-offshore replacement caused by variations on sediment and nutrient supply: PALAIOS, v. 21, p. 344-368.
126. TOMAŠOVĆH, A., and FARKAS, J., 2005, Catholuminescence of Late Triassic terebratulid brachiopods: Implications for growth patterns: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 216, p. 215-233.
127. TORTI, V., and ANGIOLINI, L., 1997, Middle Triassic brachiopods from Val Parina, Bergamasc Alps, Italy: Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, v. 103, p. 149-172.
128. TURNSEK, D., DOLENEC, T, SIBLIK, M., OGORELEC, B., EBLI, O., and LOBITZER, H., 1999, Contributions to the fauna (corals, brachiopods) and stable isotopes of the Late Triassic Steinplatte reef/ basin-complex, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria: Abhandlungen der geologischen Bundesanstalt, v. 56, p. 121-140.
129. TWITCHETT, R.J., 1999, Palaeoenvironments and faunal recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoccology, v. 154, p. 27-37.
130. TWITCHETT, R.J., KRYSTYN, L., BAUD, A., WHEELEY, JR., and RICHOZ, S., 2004, Rapid marine recovery after the end-Permian mass-extinction event in the absence of marine anoxia: Geology, v. 32, p. 805-808.
131. VERMEU, G.J., 1977, The Mesozoic Marine revolution: Evidence from snails, predators, and grazers: Paleobiology, v. 3, p. 245-258.
132. VERMEU, G.J., 1987, Evolution and Escalation: An Ecological History of Life: Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
133. VERMEU, G.J., 1994, The evolutionary interaction among species: Selection, interaction, and coevolution: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, v. 25, p. 219-236.
134. VÖRÖS, A., and PÁLFY, J., 1989, The Anisian/Ladinian boundary on the Vászoly section (Balaton Highland, Hungary): Fragmenta Mineralogica et Palaeontologica, v. 14, p. 17-27.
135. WAGNER, P.J., KOSNIK, M.A., and LIDGARD, S., 2006, Abundance distributions imply elevated complexity of post-Paleozoic marine ecosystems: Science, v. 314, p. 1289-1292.
136. WATERHOUSE, J.B., 1983, Systematic description of Permian brachiopods, bivalves and gastropods below Wall Sandstone Member, Northern Bowen Basin: Papers of the Department of Geology, University of Queensland, v. 10, p. 155-179.
137. WILLIAMS, A., CARLSON, S.J., and BRUNTON, C.H.C., 2000, Rhynchonelliformea, in Kaesler, R.L., ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part H, Revised, Brachiopoda, v. 2 and 3: Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, Boulder, Colorado, and Lawrence, Kansas, p. 1-193.
138. YANG, S.-R., WANG, X-P., and HAO, W-C., 1986, Early Triassic bivalve assemblage of western Guangxi: Dicengxue Zazhi (Journal of Stratigraphy), v. 10, p. 88-97.
139. YIN, H., 1985, Bivalves near the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China: Journal of Paleontology, v. 59, p. 572-600.
140. YIN, H.-F., and YOCHELSON, E.L., 1983a, Middle Triassic Gastropoda from Qingyan, Guizhou Province, China: 1. Pleurotomariacea and Murchisoniacea: Journal of Paleontology, v. 57, p. 162-187.
141. YIN, H.-F., and YOCHELSON, E.L., 1983b, Middle Triassic Gastropoda from Qingyan, Guizhou Province, China: 2. Trochacea and Neritacea: Journal of Paleontology, v. 57, p. 515-538.
142. YIN, H.-F.Y., and YOCHELSON, E.L., 1983c, Middle Triassic Gastropoda from Qingyan, Guizhou Province, China: 3. Euomphalacca and Loxonematacea: Journal of Paleontology, v. 57, p. 1098-1127.
143. ZUGMAYER, H., 1880, Untersuchungen über rhätische Brachiopoden: Beiträge zur Paläontologie und Geologie Österreichs-Ungarns, v. 1, p. 1-42.