Geographic variation in the molluscan recovery from the and-Cretaceous extinction

Science

Volumn 279, Issue 5355, 1998, Pages 1327-1330

  Jablonski, David ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOTIC RECOVERY; CRETACEOUS; EXTINCTION; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION; MOLLUSC;

ARTICLE; ARTIFACT; DATA BASE; EUROPE; EVOLUTION; FAUNA; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GEOGRAPHY; MOLLUSC; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

MOLLUSCA;

EID: 0032570864     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.279.5355.1327     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. D. H. Erwin, J. W. Valentine, J. J. Sepkoski Jr., Evolution 41, 1177 (1987); J. J. Sepkoski Jr., Paleobiology 19, 43 (1993); D. M. Raup, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U.S.A. 91, 6758 (1994); D. Jablonski, in Extinction Rates, J. H. Lawton and R. M. May, Eds. (Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1995), pp. 25-44; M. J. Benton, Science 268, 52 (1995).
2. D. H. Erwin, J. W. Valentine, J. J. Sepkoski Jr., Evolution 41, 1177 (1987); J. J. Sepkoski Jr., Paleobiology 19, 43 (1993); D. M. Raup, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U.S.A. 91, 6758 (1994); D. Jablonski, in Extinction Rates, J. H. Lawton and R. M. May, Eds. (Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1995), pp. 25-44; M. J. Benton, Science 268, 52 (1995).
3. D. H. Erwin, J. W. Valentine, J. J. Sepkoski Jr., Evolution 41, 1177 (1987); J. J. Sepkoski Jr., Paleobiology 19, 43 (1993); D. M. Raup, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U.S.A. 91, 6758 (1994); D. Jablonski, in Extinction Rates, J. H. Lawton and R. M. May, Eds. (Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1995), pp. 25-44; M. J. Benton, Science 268, 52 (1995).
4. D. H. Erwin, J. W. Valentine, J. J. Sepkoski Jr., Evolution 41, 1177 (1987); J. J. Sepkoski Jr., Paleobiology 19, 43 (1993); D. M. Raup, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U.S.A. 91, 6758 (1994); D. Jablonski, in Extinction Rates, J. H. Lawton and R. M. May, Eds. (Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1995), pp. 25-44; M. J. Benton, Science 268, 52 (1995).
5. D. H. Erwin, J. W. Valentine, J. J. Sepkoski Jr., Evolution 41, 1177 (1987); J. J. Sepkoski Jr., Paleobiology 19, 43 (1993); D. M. Raup, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U.S.A. 91, 6758 (1994); D. Jablonski, in Extinction Rates, J. H. Lawton and R. M. May, Eds. (Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1995), pp. 25-44; M. J. Benton, Science 268, 52 (1995).
6. T. A. Hansen et al., Paleobiology 19, 251 (1993); Cretaceous Res. 14, 685 (1993).
7. T. A. Hansen et al., Paleobiology 19, 251 (1993); Cretaceous Res. 14, 685 (1993).
8. The Pakistan-India outcrop area was on the northern shelf of the Indian Plate, which was close to or straddling the equator at this time; see, for example, A. G. Smith et al. [Atlas of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Coast-lines (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1994)].
9. D. M. Raup and D. Jablonski, Science 260, 971 (1993); D. Jablonski and D. M. Raup, ibid. 268, 389 (1995).
10. D. M. Raup and D. Jablonski, Science 260, 971 (1993); D. Jablonski and D. M. Raup, ibid. 268, 389 (1995).
11. Correlation of faunas for the GC: D. T. Dockery III, Palaios 1, 582 (1986); Miss. Geol. 17, 1 (1996); E. A. Mancini and B. H. Tew, J. Foraminiferal Res. 21, 48 (1991); T. G. Gibson and L. M. Bybell, Soc. Belge Géol. Bull. 103, 237 (1994).
12. Correlation of faunas for the GC: D. T. Dockery III, Palaios 1, 582 (1986); Miss. Geol. 17, 1 (1996); E. A. Mancini and B. H. Tew, J. Foraminiferal Res. 21, 48 (1991); T. G. Gibson and L. M. Bybell, Soc. Belge Géol. Bull. 103, 237 (1994).
13. Correlation of faunas for the GC: D. T. Dockery III, Palaios 1, 582 (1986); Miss. Geol. 17, 1 (1996); E. A. Mancini and B. H. Tew, J. Foraminiferal Res. 21, 48 (1991); T. G. Gibson and L. M. Bybell, Soc. Belge Géol. Bull. 103, 237 (1994).
14. Correlation of faunas for the GC: D. T. Dockery III, Palaios 1, 582 (1986); Miss. Geol. 17, 1 (1996); E. A. Mancini and B. H. Tew, J. Foraminiferal Res. 21, 48 (1991); T. G. Gibson and L. M. Bybell, Soc. Belge Géol. Bull. 103, 237 (1994).
15. Correlation of faunas for EU: Special issue on the Northwest European Tertiary Basin, R. Vinken, Ed., Geol. Jahrb. Reihe A 100, 1-508 (1988); J. E. Neal, Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. London 101,15 (1996); W. A. Berggren and M.-P. Aubry, ibid., p. 309; G. Bignot et al., Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Monatsh. 1997, 114 (1997).
16. Correlation of faunas for EU: Special issue on the Northwest European Tertiary Basin, R. Vinken, Ed., Geol. Jahrb. Reihe A 100, 1-508 (1988); J. E. Neal, Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. London 101,15 (1996); W. A. Berggren and M.-P. Aubry, ibid., p. 309; G. Bignot et al., Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Monatsh. 1997, 114 (1997).
17. Correlation of faunas for EU: Special issue on the Northwest European Tertiary Basin, R. Vinken, Ed., Geol. Jahrb. Reihe A 100, 1-508 (1988); J. E. Neal, Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. London 101,15 (1996); W. A. Berggren and M.-P. Aubry, ibid., p. 309; G. Bignot et al., Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Monatsh. 1997, 114 (1997).
18. Correlation of faunas for EU: Special issue on the Northwest European Tertiary Basin, R. Vinken, Ed., Geol. Jahrb. Reihe A 100, 1-508 (1988); J. E. Neal, Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. London 101,15 (1996); W. A. Berggren and M.-P. Aubry, ibid., p. 309; G. Bignot et al., Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Monatsh. 1997, 114 (1997).
19. Correlation of faunas for AF: D. Fournié, Bull. Centre Rech. Explor.-Prof. Elf-Aquitaine 2, 97 (1978); M. F. Megerisi and V. D. Mamgain, Bull. Dep. Geol. Res. Mining Libya 12, 1 (1980); P. Luger, Berl. Geowiss. Abh. A63, 1 (1985); A. Strougo and A. G. Hewaidy, Middle East Res. Center Ain Shams Univ. Earth Sci. Ser. 7, 190 (1993); A. Strougo, ibid. 9, 1 (1995); A. Kassab et al., Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Abh. 196,309 (1995); M. Faris, Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Monatsh. 1997, 447 (1997).
20. Correlation of faunas for AF: D. Fournié, Bull. Centre Rech. Explor.-Prof. Elf-Aquitaine 2, 97 (1978); M. F. Megerisi and V. D. Mamgain, Bull. Dep. Geol. Res. Mining Libya 12, 1 (1980); P. Luger, Berl. Geowiss. Abh. A63, 1 (1985); A. Strougo and A. G. Hewaidy, Middle East Res. Center Ain Shams Univ. Earth Sci. Ser. 7, 190 (1993); A. Strougo, ibid. 9, 1 (1995); A. Kassab et al., Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Abh. 196,309 (1995); M. Faris, Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Monatsh. 1997, 447 (1997).
21. Correlation of faunas for AF: D. Fournié, Bull. Centre Rech. Explor.-Prof. Elf-Aquitaine 2, 97 (1978); M. F. Megerisi and V. D. Mamgain, Bull. Dep. Geol. Res. Mining Libya 12, 1 (1980); P. Luger, Berl. Geowiss. Abh. A63, 1 (1985); A. Strougo and A. G. Hewaidy, Middle East Res. Center Ain Shams Univ. Earth Sci. Ser. 7, 190 (1993); A. Strougo, ibid. 9, 1 (1995); A. Kassab et al., Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Abh. 196,309 (1995); M. Faris, Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Monatsh. 1997, 447 (1997).
22. Correlation of faunas for AF: D. Fournié, Bull. Centre Rech. Explor.-Prof. Elf-Aquitaine 2, 97 (1978); M. F. Megerisi and V. D. Mamgain, Bull. Dep. Geol. Res. Mining Libya 12, 1 (1980); P. Luger, Berl. Geowiss. Abh. A63, 1 (1985); A. Strougo and A. G. Hewaidy, Middle East Res. Center Ain Shams Univ. Earth Sci. Ser. 7, 190 (1993); A. Strougo, ibid. 9, 1 (1995); A. Kassab et al., Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Abh. 196,309 (1995); M. Faris, Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Monatsh. 1997, 447 (1997).
23. Correlation of faunas for AF: D. Fournié, Bull. Centre Rech. Explor.-Prof. Elf-Aquitaine 2, 97 (1978); M. F. Megerisi and V. D. Mamgain, Bull. Dep. Geol. Res. Mining Libya 12, 1 (1980); P. Luger, Berl. Geowiss. Abh. A63, 1 (1985); A. Strougo and A. G. Hewaidy, Middle East Res. Center Ain Shams Univ. Earth Sci. Ser. 7, 190 (1993); A. Strougo, ibid. 9, 1 (1995); A. Kassab et al., Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Abh. 196,309 (1995); M. Faris, Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Monatsh. 1997, 447 (1997).
24. Correlation of faunas for AF: D. Fournié, Bull. Centre Rech. Explor.-Prof. Elf-Aquitaine 2, 97 (1978); M. F. Megerisi and V. D. Mamgain, Bull. Dep. Geol. Res. Mining Libya 12, 1 (1980); P. Luger, Berl. Geowiss. Abh. A63, 1 (1985); A. Strougo and A. G. Hewaidy, Middle East Res. Center Ain Shams Univ. Earth Sci. Ser. 7, 190 (1993); A. Strougo, ibid. 9, 1 (1995); A. Kassab et al., Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Abh. 196,309 (1995); M. Faris, Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Monatsh. 1997, 447 (1997).
25. Correlation of faunas for AF: D. Fournié, Bull. Centre Rech. Explor.-Prof. Elf-Aquitaine 2, 97 (1978); M. F. Megerisi and V. D. Mamgain, Bull. Dep. Geol. Res. Mining Libya 12, 1 (1980); P. Luger, Berl. Geowiss. Abh. A63, 1 (1985); A. Strougo and A. G. Hewaidy, Middle East Res. Center Ain Shams Univ. Earth Sci. Ser. 7, 190 (1993); A. Strougo, ibid. 9, 1 (1995); A. Kassab et al., Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Abh. 196,309 (1995); M. Faris, Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Monatsh. 1997, 447 (1997).
26. Correlation of faunas for PA: A. Köthe, Geol. Jahrb. Reihe B 71, 3 (1988); A. A. Butt, Géol. Médit. 19, 265 (1992); W. Weiss, Zitteliana 20, 223 (1993).
27. Correlation of faunas for PA: A. Köthe, Geol. Jahrb. Reihe B 71, 3 (1988); A. A. Butt, Géol. Médit. 19, 265 (1992); W. Weiss, Zitteliana 20, 223 (1993).
28. Correlation of faunas for PA: A. Köthe, Geol. Jahrb. Reihe B 71, 3 (1988); A. A. Butt, Géol. Médit. 19, 265 (1992); W. Weiss, Zitteliana 20, 223 (1993).
29. On the basis of the time scale of Berggren et al. (27). This time scale differs from that used by Hansen et al. (2), so GC faunal units used here do not coincide exactly with that study. For the Mesozoic time scale used here, see F. M. Gradstein et al. [Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. Spec. Publ. 54, 95 (1995)].
30. Nannofossil zones are grouped into the following intervals: 1, Maastrichtian nannofossil zones upper NC20 to NC23; 2, lower Danian zones NP1 to lower NP3; 3, upper Danian-lower Selandian zones upper NP3 to lower NP4; 4, upper Selandian zones upper NP4 to lower NP5; 5, lower Thanetian zones NP6 to NP8; and 6, upper Thanetian zone NP9. The last Paleocene interval is briefer than the others [1.2 My according to (27)], but as this disparity produces no anomalous diversity peaks or valleys, no attempt was made to expand the interval to include the earliest Eocene.
31. T. A. Hansen, Paleobiology 14, 37 (1988).
32. Unfortunately, the regional histories involve pooled composites of museum collections and literaturederived data, so that they generally lack sufficient information for the use of rarefaction analysis based on numbers of specimens or localities [see A. I. Miller and M. Foote, Paleobiology 22, 304 (1996)]. However, provincial faunas are sufficiently large that major differences could only be eliminated by implausible sampling patterns. For example, the next 45 species discovered in EU would all have to belong to the four families identified in the GC as bloom taxa (11) for the EU pattern to coincide with the GC one. Furthermore, the bloom taxa tend to be abundant in the GC (77), so that sampling biases in faunas elsewhere should enhance their resemblance to the GC rather than decrease it.
33. The interval 2 percentage excursion in AF is not matched in species numbers; indeed, this fauna has the lowest diversity of those studied and thus was probably subject to undersampling biases.
34. W. F. Ponder and A. Warén, Malacol. Rev. Suppl. 4, 288 (1988).
35. J. T. Carlton and J. B. Geller, Science 261, 78 (1993); T. J. Case, Biol. Conserv. 78, 69 (1996).
36. J. T. Carlton and J. B. Geller, Science 261, 78 (1993); T. J. Case, Biol. Conserv. 78, 69 (1996).
37. G. J. Vermeij, Science 253, 1099 (1991).
38. The richest interval 2 faunas in EU are from midshelf carbonates, and in AF and PA they are from differing proportions of onshore carbonates and terrigenous sediments; however, the faunal patterns in these three regions are similar, and they contrast with those in the GC [(5-8); I. Shah, Mem. Geol. Surv. Pakistan 12, 1 (1977); R. Said, Ed., The Geology of Egypt (Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 1990); R. Guiraud, Geol. Surv. Algeria Mém. 3, 1 (1990)]. The GC presents a range of sediment types within interval 2 - and subsequent intervals - ranging from offshore claystones in Texas to onshore limestones in Alabama [(5); L. D. Toulmin, Geol. Surv. Alabama Monogr. 13, 1 (1977)].
39. The richest interval 2 faunas in EU are from midshelf carbonates, and in AF and PA they are from differing proportions of onshore carbonates and terrigenous sediments; however, the faunal patterns in these three regions are similar, and they contrast with those in the GC [(5-8); I. Shah, Mem. Geol. Surv. Pakistan 12, 1 (1977); R. Said, Ed., The Geology of Egypt (Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 1990); R. Guiraud, Geol. Surv. Algeria Mém. 3, 1 (1990)]. The GC presents a range of sediment types within interval 2 - and subsequent intervals - ranging from offshore claystones in Texas to onshore limestones in Alabama [(5); L. D. Toulmin, Geol. Surv. Alabama Monogr. 13, 1 (1977)].
40. The richest interval 2 faunas in EU are from midshelf carbonates, and in AF and PA they are from differing proportions of onshore carbonates and terrigenous sediments; however, the faunal patterns in these three regions are similar, and they contrast with those in the GC [(5-8); I. Shah, Mem. Geol. Surv. Pakistan 12, 1 (1977); R. Said, Ed., The Geology of Egypt (Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 1990); R. Guiraud, Geol. Surv. Algeria Mém. 3, 1 (1990)]. The GC presents a range of sediment types within interval 2 - and subsequent intervals - ranging from offshore claystones in Texas to onshore limestones in Alabama [(5); L. D. Toulmin, Geol. Surv. Alabama Monogr. 13, 1 (1977)].
41. The richest interval 2 faunas in EU are from midshelf carbonates, and in AF and PA they are from differing proportions of onshore carbonates and terrigenous sediments; however, the faunal patterns in these three regions are similar, and they contrast with those in the GC [(5-8); I. Shah, Mem. Geol. Surv. Pakistan 12, 1 (1977); R. Said, Ed., The Geology of Egypt (Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 1990); R. Guiraud, Geol. Surv. Algeria Mém. 3, 1 (1990)]. The GC presents a range of sediment types within interval 2 - and subsequent intervals - ranging from offshore claystones in Texas to onshore limestones in Alabama [(5); L. D. Toulmin, Geol. Surv. Alabama Monogr. 13, 1 (1977)].
42. N. F. Sohl, J. Paleontol. 61, 1085 (1987).
43. G. Keller, in Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinctions, N. MacLeod and G. Keller, Eds. (Norton, New York, 1996), pp. 63-100; C. C. Johnson and E. G. Kauffman, in ibid., pp. 231-273. However, in bivalves, high extinction intensities occur in shallow-water carbonate shelves but not in other low-latitude settings (4).
44. G. Keller, in Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinctions, N. MacLeod and G. Keller, Eds. (Norton, New York, 1996), pp. 63-100; C. C. Johnson and E. G. Kauffman, in ibid., pp. 231-273. However, in bivalves, high extinction intensities occur in shallow-water carbonate shelves but not in other low-latitude settings (4).
45. In contrast, N. MacLeod and G. Keller [Paleobiology 20, 143 (1994)] have suggested that high-latitude regions served as a refuge at the K-T boundary and as a postextinction source for oceanic plankton.
46. P. H. Schultz and S. D'Hondt, Geology 24, 963 (1996).
47. For example, the GC's Nucula percrassa lineage is lost at the K-T boundary even though the genus Nucula survives to participate in the GC rebound [G. L. Wingard and N. F. Sohl, U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 1881, D1 (1991)].
48. For review, see M. E. Power et al. [Bioscience 46, 609 (1996)].
49. D. M. Raup, Science 206, 217 (1979).
50. T. J. Case, Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 42, 239 (1991); G. J. Vermeij, Conserv. Biol. 78, 3 (1996);
51. T. J. Case, Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 42, 239 (1991); G. J. Vermeij, Conserv. Biol. 78, 3 (1996);
52. M. H. Williamson and A. Fitter, ibid., p. 163;
53. P. B. Moyle and T. Light, Ecology 77, 1666 (1996).
54. P. M. Sheehan and P. J. Coorough [Mem. Geol. Soc. London 12, 181 (1990)] found for the end-Ordovician mass extinction that the high extinction intensities for endemics in North American midcontinent faunas were followed by a similarly unbalanced biotic interchange with European and other faunas.
55. W. A. Berggren et al., Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. Spec. Publ. 54, 129 (1995).
56. D. M. Raup, in Analytical Paleobiology, N. L. Gilinsky and P. W. Signor, Eds. (Paleontological Society, Knoxville, TN, 1991), pp. 207-216.
57. J. J. Sepkoski Jr. and D. M. Raup, in Dynamics of Extinction, D. K. Elliott, Ed. (Wiley, New York, 1986), pp. 3-36.
58. I thank S. Calzada, R. J. Cleevely, A. V. Dhondt, Y. Edelman, D. H. Erwin, T. A. Hansen, C. Heinberg, C. S. Johnson, E. G. Kauffman, G. L. Kennedy, Z. Lewy, M. Machalski, N. Malchus, L. Marincovich Jr., N. J. Morris, D. B. Rowley, L. R. Saul, F. Schuster, J. J. Sepkoski Jr., A. B. Smith, N. F. Sohl, A. Strougo, J. Todd, T. R. Waller, U. Wielandt, and L. R. Wingard for advice and access to collections or information and S. M. Kidwell and M. Foote for valuable reviews. Supported by NSF grant EAR93-17114; much of this work was done as Research Associate of the Natural History Museum, London.