Solar wind electron suprathermal strength and temperature gradients: Ulysses observations

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 105, Issue A8, 2000, Pages 18337-18350

  Maksimovic, Milan ^a,c   Gary, S Peter ^b   Skoug, Ruth M ^b  

^a EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY   (Netherlands)

^b LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^c OBSERVATOIRE DE PARIS   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 39449135812     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2000ja900039     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Bame, S.J., D.J. McComas, B.L. Barraclough, J.L. Phillips, K.J. Sofaly, J.C. Chavez, B.E. Goldstein, and R.K. Sakurai, The Ulysses solar wind plasma experiment, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser., 92, 237-265, 1992.
2. Chew, G.F., M.L. Goldberger, and F.E. Low, The Boltzmann equation and the one-fluid hydromagnetic equations in the absence of particle collisions, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 236, 112-118, 1956.
3. Feldman, W.C., J.R. Asbridge, S.J. Bame, M.D. Montgomery, and S.P. Gary, Solar wind electrons, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 4181-4196, 1975.
4. Feldman, W.C., J.R. Asbridge, S.J. Bame, J.T. Gosling, and D.S. Lemons, Electron heating within interaction zones of simple high-speed solar wind streams, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 5297-5303, 1978.
5. Feldman, W.C., J.R. Asbridge, S.J. Bame, J.T. Gosling, and D.S. Lemons, The core electron temperature profile between 0.5 and 1.0 AU in the steady state high-speed solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 4463-4467, 1979.
6. Gary, S.P., E.E. Scime, J.L. Phillips, and W.C. Feldman, The whistler heat flux instability: Threshold conditions in the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 23,391-23,399, 1994.
7. Goldstein, B.E., M. Neugebauer, J.L. Phillips, S.J. Bame, J.T. Gosling, D.J. McComas, Y.-M. Wang, N.R. Sheeley, and S.T. Suess, Ulysses plasma parameters: Latitudinal, radial and temporal variations, Astron. Astrophys., 316, 296-303, 1996.
8. Issautier, K., N. Meyer-Vernet, M. Moncuquet, and S. Hoang, Pole to pole solar wind density from Ulysses radio measurements, Sol. Phys., 172, 335-343, 1997.
9. Issautier, K., N. Meyer-Vernet, M. Moncuquet, and S. Hoang, Solar wind radial and latitudinal structure: Electron density and core temperature from Ulysses thermal noise spectroscopy, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 1969-1979, 1998.
10. Jockers K., Solar wind models based on exospheric theory, Astron. Astrophys, 6, 219-239, 1970.
11. Lemaire, J., and M. Scherer, Simple model for an ion-exosphere in an open magnetic field, Phys. Fluids, 14 (8), 1683-1694, 1971a.
12. Lemaire, J., and M. Scherer, Kinetic models of the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 7479-7490, 1971b.
13. Lie-Svendsen. O., V.H. Hansteen, and E. Leer, Kinetic electrons in high-speed solar wind streams: Formation of high-energy tails, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 4701-4718, 1997.
14. Maksimovic, M., S. Hoang, N. Meyer-Vernet, M. Moncuquet, J.-L. Bougeret, J.L. Phillips, and P. Canu, The solar wind electron parameters from quasi-thermal noise spectroscopy and comparisons with other measurements on Ulysses, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 19,881-19,891, 1995a.
15. Maksimovic, M., S. Hoang, and J.-L. Bougeret, Properties of the solar wind electrons between 1.1 and 3.3 AU from Ulysses thermal noise measurements, in Solar Wind Eight, edited by D. Winterhalter et al., AIP Conf. Proc., 382, 297-300, 1995b.
16. Maksimovic, M., V. Pierrard, and J. Lemaire, A kinetic model of the solar wind with kappa distribution functions in the corona, Astron. Astrophys., 324, 725-734, 1997a.
17. Maksimovic, M., V. Pierrard, and P. Riley, Ulysses electron distributions fitted with kappa functions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1151-1154, 1997b.
18. Marsch, E., W.G. Pilipp, K.M. Thieme, and H. Rosenbauer, Cooling of solar wind electrons inside 0.3 AU, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 6893-6898, 1989.
19. McComas, D.J., S.J. Bame, W.C. Feldman, J.T. Gosling, and J.L. Phillips, Solar wind halo electrons from 1-4 AU, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1291-1294, 1992.
20. Meyer-Vernet, N., and K. Issautier, Electron temperature in the solar wind: Generic radial variation from kinetic collisionless models, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 29,705, 1998.
21. Meyer-Vernet, N., S. Hoang, K. Issautier, M. Maksimovic, R. Manning, M. Moncuquet, and R.G. Stone, Measuring plasma parameters with thermal noise spectroscopy, in Measurement Techniques in Space Plasmas, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 103, edited by J. Borovsky et al., pp. 205-210, AGU, Washington, D.C., 1998.
22. Montgomery, M.D., S.J. Bame, and A.J. Hundhausen, Solar Wind Electrons: Vela 4 measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 4999-5003, 1968.
23. Ogilvie, K.W., and J.D. Scudder, The radial gradients and collisional properties of solar wind electrons, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 3776-3782, 1978.
24. Olsen, E.L., and E. Leer, An eight-moment approximation two-fluid model of the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15591-15603, 1996.
25. Perkins R.W., Heat conductivity, plasma instabilities, and radio star scintillations in the solar wind, Astrophys. J., 179, 637-642, 1973.
26. Phillips, J.L., S.J. Bame, S.P. Gary, J.T. Gosling, E.E. Scime, and R.J. Forsyth, Radial and meridional trends in solar wind thermal electron temperature and anisotropies, Space Sci. Rev., 72, 109-112, 1995.
27. Pierrard, V., and J. Lemaire, Lorentzian ion exosphere model, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 7923-7934, 1996.
28. Pierrard, V., M. Maksimovic, and J. Lemaire, Electronic velocity distribution functions from the solar to the corona, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 17,021-17,032, 1999.
29. Pilipp, W.G., H. Miggenrieder, M.D. Montgomery, K.H. Muhlhauser, H. Rosenbauer and R. Schwenn, Characteristics of electron velocity distribution functions in the solar wind derived from the Helios plasma experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 1075-1092, 1987.
30. Pilipp, W.G., H. Miggenrieder, K.-H. Muhlhauser, H. Rosenbauer, and R. Schwenn, Large-scale variations of thermal electron parameters in the solar wind between 0.3 and 1 AU, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 6305-6329, 1990.
31. Rosenbauer, et al., A survey of initial results of the Helios plasma experiment, J. Geophys., 42, 561-581, 1977.
32. Schulz, M., and A. Eviatar, Electron temperature asymmetry and the structure of the solar wind, Cosmic Electrodyn. 2, 402-422, 1972.
33. Scime, E.E., J.L. Phillips, and S.J. Bame, Effects of spacecraft potential on three-dimensional electron measurements in the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 14,769-14,776, 1994a.
34. Scime, E.E., S.J. Bame, W.C. Feldman, S.P. Gary, J.L. Phillips, and A. Balogh, Regulation of the solar wind electron heat flux from 1 to 5 AU: Ulysses observations, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 23,401-23,410, 1994b.
35. Scudder, J.D., and S. Olbert, A theory of local and global processes which affect solar wind electrons, 1, The origin of typical 1 AU velocity distribution functions - Steady state theory, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 2755-2772, 1979a.
36. Scudder, J.D., and S. Olbert, A theory of local and global processes which affect solar wind electrons, 2, Experimental support, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 6603-6620, 1979b.
37. Sittler, E.C., Jr., and J.D. Scudder, An empirical polytrope law for solar wind thermal electrons between 0.45 and 4.76 AU: Voyager 2 and Mariner 10, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 5131-5137, 1980.
38. Sittler, E.C., Jr., J.D. Scudder, and J. Jessen, Radial variation of the solar wind thermal electrons between 1.36 and 2.25 AU: Voyager 2, in Solar Wind Four, Rep. MPAE-W-100-81-31, edited by H. Rosenbauer, pp. 257-263, MaxPlanck-Inst. für Aeron., Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany, 1981.
39. Spitzer L. Jr., Physics of Fully Ionized Gases, Wiley Interscience, New York, 1962.