Production of cometary X rays by electron impact and Bremsstrahlung processes

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 106, Issue A9, 2001, Pages 18741-18749

  Krasnopolsky, Vladimir A ^a  

^a CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 39449128057     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001ja000018     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. A'Hearn, M. F., R. L. Millis, D. G. Schleicher, D. J. Osip, and P. V. Birch, The ensemble properties of comets: Results from narrowband photometry of 85 comets, 1976-1992, Icarus, 118, 223-270, 1995.
2. Altwegg, K., H. Balsiger, J. Geiss, R. Goldstein, W. H. Ip, A. Meier, M. Neuegebauer, H. Rosenbauer, and E. Shelley, The ion population between 1300 km and 230000 km in the coma of comet Halley, Astron. Astrophys., 279, 260-266, 1993.
3. Bertaux, J. L., J. Costa, E. Quemerais, R. Lallement, M. Berthe, E. Kyrola, W. Schmidt, T. Summanen, T. Makinen, and C. Goukenleuque, Lyman-alpha observations of comet Hyakutake with SWAN on SOHO, Planet. Space Sci., 46, 555-568, 1998.
4. Bingham, R., J. M. Dawson, V. D. Shapiro, D. A. Mendis, and B. J. Kellet, Generation of X-rays from comet C/Hyakutake 1996 B2, Science, 275, 49-51, 1997.
5. Biver, N., et al., Spectroscopic monitoring of comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake) with the JCMT and IRAM radio telescopes, Astron. J., 118, 1850-1872, 1999.
6. 2O, Icarus, 105, 235-253, 1993.
7. Combi, M. R., M. E. Brown, P. D. Feldman, H. U. Keller, R. R. Meier, and W. H. Smyth, Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet imaging and high-resolution spectroscopy of water dissociation products in comet Hyakutake (C/1996 B2), Astrophys. J., 494, 816-821, 1998.
8. Cravens, T. E., Plasma processes in the inner coma, in Comets in the Post-Halley Era, vol. 2, edited by R. L. Newburn, M. Neuegebauer, and J. Rahe, p. 121, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass., 1991.
9. Cravens, T. E., J. U. Kozyra, A. F. Nagy, T. I. Gombosi, and M. Kurtz, Electron impact ionization in the vicinity of comets, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 7341-7353, 1987.
10. Cravens, T. E., Comet Hyakutake X-ray source: Charge transfer of solar wind heavy ions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 105-108, 1997.
11. Dawson, J. M., R. Bingham, and V. D. Shapiro, X-rays from comet Hyakutake, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion, 39, A185-A193, 1997.
12. Dennerl, K., J. Englhauser, and J. Trümper, X-ray emissions from comets detected in the Roentgen X-ray Satellite all-sky survey, Science, 277, 1625-1630, 1997.
13. D'Uston, C., H. Reme, J. A. Sauvaud, C. W. Carlson, K. A. Anderson, D. W. Curtis, R. P. Lin, A. Korth, and D. A. Mendis, Properties of plasma electrons in the magnetic pile-up region of comet Halley, Ann. Geophys., 7, 91-96, 1989.
14. Festou, M. C., The density distribution of neutral compounds in cometary atmospheres, I, Models and equations, Astron. Astrophys., 95, 69, 1981.
15. Festou, M., P. D. Feldman, R. Gonzalez, and P. M. Rodriguez, IAU Circular 6355, Int. Astron. Union, 26 March 1996.
16. Flammer, K. R., D. A. Mendis, T. G. Northrop, and E. C. Whipple, A self-consistent model for the particle and field upstream of an outgassing comet, 1, Gyrotropic and isotropic ion distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 15,907-15,916, 1991.
17. Flammer, K. R., T. J. Birmingham, D. A. Mendis, and T. G. Northrop, A self-consistent model for the particle and field upstream of an outgassing comet, 2, A time-dependent description, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 8173-8181, 1992.
18. Glupe, G., and W. Mehlhorn, A new method for measuring electron impact ionization cross sections of inner shells, Phys. Lett. A, 25, 274-275, 1967.
19. Gringauz, K. I., et al., First in situ plasma and neutral gas measurements at comet Halley, Nature, 321, 282-285, 1986.
20. Häberli, R. M., T. I. Gombosi, D. L. De Zeeuw, M. R. Combi, and K. G. Powell, Modeling of cometary X-rays caused by solar wind minor ions, Science, 276, 939-942, 1997.
21. Kharchenko, V., and A. Dalgarno, Spectra of cometary X rays induced by solar wind ions, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 18,351-18,359, 2000.
22. Krasnopolsky, V. A., On the nature of soft X-ray radiation in comet Hyakutake 1996 B2, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc., 28, 1095, 1996.
23. Krasnopolsky, V. A., On the nature of soft X-ray radiation in comets, Icarus, 128, 368-385, 1997.
24. Krasnopolsky, V. A., Excitation of X-rays in comet Hyakutake (C/1996 B2), J. Geophys. Res., 103, 2069-2075, 1998.
25. Krasnopolsky, V. A., and M. J. Mumma, Spectroscopy of comet Hyakutake at 80-700 Å: First detection of solar wind charge transfer emissions, Astrophys. J., 549, 629-634, 2001.
26. Krasnopolsky, V. A., V. I. Moroz, A. A. Krysko, A. Y. Tkachuk, G. Moreels, J. Clairemidi, J. P. Parisot, M. Gogoshev, and T. Gogosheva, Properties of dust in comet P/Halley measured by the Vega 2 three-channel spectrometer, Astron. Astrophys., 187, 707-711, 1987.
27. Krasnopolsky, V. A., A. Yu. Tkachuk, G. Moreels, and M. Gogoshev, Water vapor and hydroxyl distributions in the inner coma of comet Halley measured by the Vega 2 three-channel spectrometer, Astron. Astrophys., 203, 175-182, 1988.
28. Krasnopolsky, V. A., M. J. Mumma, M. J. Abbott, B. C. Flynn, K. J. Meech, D. K. Yeomans, P. D. Feldman, and C. Cosmovici, Detection of soft X-rays and a sensitive search for noble gases in comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1), Science, 277, 1488-1491, 1997.
29. Krasnopolsky, V. A., M. J. Mumma, and M. J. Abbott, EUVE search for X-rays from comets Encke, Mueller (C/1993 A1), Borrelly, and postperihelion Hale-Bopp, Icarus, 146, 152-160, 2000.
30. Krause, M. O., Atomic radiative and radiationless yields for K and L shells, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 8, 307-322, 1979.
31. Lisse, C. M., et al., Discovery of X-ray and extreme ultraviolet emission from comet C/Hyakutake 1996 B2, Science, 274, 205-209, 1996.
32. Lisse, C. M., D. Christian, K. Dennerl, J. Enghauser, J. Trümper, M. Desch, F. E. Marshall, R. Petre, and S. Snowden, X-ray and extreme ultraviolet emissions from comet P/Encke 1997. Icarus, 141, 316-330, 1999a.
33. Lisse, C. M., K. Dennerl, J. Englhauser, J. Trümper, F. E. Marshall, R. Petre, A. Valina, B. J. Kellett, and R. Bingham, X-ray emission from comet Hale-Bopp, Earth Moon Planets, 77, 283-291, 1999b.
34. Lisse, C. M., D. J. Christian, K. Dennerl, K. J. Meech, R. Petre, H. A. Weaver, and S. Wolk, Charge exchange-induced X-ray emission from comet C/1999 S4 (LINEAR), Science, 292, 1343-1348, 2001.
35. Mumma, M. J., M. A. DiSanti, N. Dello Russo, M. Fomenkova, K. Magee-Sauer, C. D. Kaminski, and D. X. Xie, Detection of abundant ethane and methane, along with carbon monoxide and water, in comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake: Evidence for interstellar origin, Science, 272, 1310-1314, 1996.
36. Mumma, M. J., V. A. Krasnopolsky, and M. J. Abbott, Soft X-rays from four comets observed with EUVE, Astrophys. J., 491, L125-L128, 1997.
37. Neuegebauer, M., T. E. Cravens, C. M. Lisse, F. M. Ipavich, D. Cristian, R. von Steiger, P. Bochsler, P. D. Shah, and T. P. Armstrong, The relation of temporal variations of soft X-ray emission from comet Hyakutake to variations of ion fluxes in the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20,949-20,955, 2000.
38. Northrop, T. G., The spectrum of X-rays from comet Hyakutake, Icarus 128, 480-482, 1997.
39. Northrop, T. G., C. M. Lisse, M. J. Mumma, and M. D. Desch, A possible source of the X-rays from comet Hyakutake, Icarus 127, 246-250, 1997.
40. Owens, A., A. N. Parmar, T. Oosterbroek, A. Orr, L. A. Antonelli, F. Fiore, R. Schulz, G. P. Tozzi, M. C. Maccarone, and L. Piro, Evidence for dust-related X-ray emission from comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), Astrophys. J., 493, L47-L51, 1998.
41. Schleicher, D., IAU Circular 6344, Int. Astron. Union, Paris, 21 March 1996.
42. Schwadron, N. A., and T. E. Cravens, Implications of solar wind composition for cometary X-rays, Astrophys. J., 544, 558-566, 2000.
43. Seltzer, S. M., and M. J. Berger, Bremsstrahlung energy spectra from electrons with kinetic energy 1 keV-10 GeV incident on screened nuclei and orbital electrons of neutral atoms with Z = 1-100, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 35, 345-418, 1986.
44. Shapiro, V. D., R. Bingham, J. M. Dawson, Z. Dobe, B. J. Kellett, and D. A. Mendis, Energetic electrons produced by lower hybrid waves in the cometary environment and soft X-ray emission: Bremsstrahlung and K shell radiation, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 2537-2554, 1999.
45. Uchida, M., M. Morikawa, H. Kubotani, and H. Mouri, X-ray spectra of comets, Astrophys. J., 498, 863-870, 1998.
46. Wegmann, R., H. U. Schmidt, C. M. Lisse, K. Dennerl, and J. Englhauser, X-rays from comets generated by energetic solar wind particles, Planet. Space Sci., 46, 603-612, 1998.
47. Wickramasinghe, N. C., and F. Hoyle, Very small dust grains (VSDP's) in comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake), Astrophys. Space Sci., 239, 121-123, 1996.