Comparison of the auroral E region neutral winds derived with the European Incoherent Scatter radar and predicted by the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere-Electrodynamics general circulation model

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 106, Issue A11, 2001, Pages 24691-24700

  Nozawa, S ^a   Liu, H L ^b,c   Richmond, A D ^b,c   Roble, R ^b,c  

^a NAGOYA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 39449126709     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001ja900081     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. Beard, A.G., N. J. Mitchell, P. J. S. Williams, and M. Kunitake, Non-linear interactions between tides and planetary waves resulting in periodic tidal variability, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 61, 363-376, 1999.
2. Boville, B. A., Middle atmosphere version of CCM2 (MACCM2): Annual cycle and interannual variability, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 9017-9039, 1995.
3. Burrage, M. D., et al., Validation of mesosphere and lower thermosphere winds from the high resolution Doppler imager on UARS, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 10,365-10,392, 1996.
4. Fesen, C. G., Geomagnetic activity effects on thermospheric tides: A compendium of theoretical predictions, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 59, 785-803, 1997.
5. Fesen, C. G., A. D. Richmond, and R. G. Roble, Theoretical effects of geomagnetic activity on thermospheric tides, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 15,599-15,612, 1993.
6. Folkestad, K., T. Hagfors, and S. Westerlund, EISCAT: An updated description of technical characteristics and operational capabilities, Radio Sci., 18, 867-879, 1983.
7. Forbes, J. M., Atmospheric tides, 1, Model description and results for the solar diurnal component, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 5222-5240, 1982.
8. Fritts, D. C., A review of gravity wave saturation processes, effects, and variability in the middle atmosphere, Pure Appl. Geophys., 130, 343-371, 1989.
9. Fujii, R., S. Nozawa, N. Matuura, and A. Brekke, Study on neutral wind contribution to the electrodynamics in the polar ionosphere using EISCAT CP-1 data. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14,731-14,739, 1998.
10. Fuller-Rowell, T. J., The dynamics of the lower thermosphere, in The Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: A Review of Experiment and Theory, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 87, edited by R. M. Johnson and T. L. Killeen, pp. 23-36, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1995.
11. Garcia, R. R., and S. Solomon, The effect of breaking gravity waves on the dynamics and chemical composition of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 3850-3868, 1985.
12. Hagan, M. E., M. D. Burrage, J. M. Forbes, J. Hackney, W. J. Randel, and X. Zhang, GSWM-98: Results for migrating solar tides, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 6813-6828, 1999.
13. Johnson, R. M., V. B. Wickwar, R. G. Roble, and J. G. Luhmann, Lower-thermospheric winds at high latitude: Chatanika radar observations, Ann. Geophys., 5, 383-404, 1987.
14. Kamalabadi, F., J. M. Forbes, N. M. Makarov, and Y. I. Portnyagin, Evidence for nonlinear coupling of planetary waves and tides in the Antarctic mesopause, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 4437-4446, 1997.
15. Kiehl, J. T., J. J. Hack, G. B. Bonan, B. A. Boville, D. L. Williamson, and P. J. Rasch, The National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: CCM3, J. Clim., 11, 1131-1149, 1998.
16. Kirkwood, S., Lower thermosphere mean temperatures, densities, and winds measured by EISCAT: Seasonal and solar cycle effects, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 5133-5148, 1996.
17. Kunitake, M., and K. Schlegel, Neutral winds in the lower thermosphere at high latitudes from five years of EISCAT data, Ann. Geophys., 9, 143-155, 1991.
18. Lindzen, R. S., Turbulence and stress owing to gravity wave and tidal breakdown, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9707-9714, 1981.
19. Lu, G., A. D. Richmond, B. A. Emery, and R. G. Roble, Magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupling: Effect of neutral winds on energy transfer and field-aligned current, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 19,643-19,659, 1995.
20. Manson, A. H., C. E. Meek, and Q. Zhan. Gravity wave spectra and direction statistics for the mesosphere as observed by MF radars in the Canadian Prairies (49° N-52° N) and at Tromsø (69° N), J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 59, 993-1009, 1997.
21. Manson, A. H., C. E. Meek, C. Hall, W. K. Hocking, J. MacDougall, S. Franke, K. Igarashi, D. Riggin, D. C. Fritts, and R. A. Vincent, Gravity wave spectra, directions and wave integrations: Global MLT-MFR network, Earth Planets Space, 51, 543-562, 1999.
22. McLandress, C., On the importance of gravity waves in the middle atmosphere and their parameterization in general circulation models, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 60, 1357-1381, 1998.
23. McLandress, C., G. G. Shepherd, and B. H. Solheim, Satellite observations of thermospheric tides: Results from the wind imaging interferometer on UARS, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 4093-4114, 1996a.
24. McLandress, C., G. G. Shepherd, B. H. Solheim, M. D. Burrage, P. B. Hays, and W. R. Skinner, Combined mesosphere/thermosphere winds using WINDII and HRDI data from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 10,441-10,453, 1996b.
25. Medvedev, A. S., G. P. Klaassen, and S. R. Beagley, On the role of an anisotropic gravity wave spectrum in maintaining the circulation of the middle atmosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 509-012, 1998.
26. Miyahara, S., Y. Yoshida, and Y. Miyoshi, Dynamical coupling between the lower and upper atmosphere by tides and gravity waves, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 55, 1039-1053, 1993.
27. Nozawa, S., and A. Brekke, Studies of the E region neutral wind in the disturbed auroral ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 14,717-14,734, 1995.
28. Nozawa, S., and A. Brekke, Studies of the auroral E region neutral wind through a solar cycle: Quiet days, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 45-66, 1999a.
29. Nozawa, S., and A. Brekke, Seasonal variation of the auroral E region neutral wind for different solar activities, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 61, 585-605, 1999b.
30. Nozawa, S., and A. Brekke, A case study of the auroral E region neutral wind on a quiet summer day: Comparison of three methods of the EISCAT UHF radar for deriving the E region wind. Radio Sci., 35, 845-863, 2000.
31. Palo, S. E., R. G. Roble, and M. E. Hagan, TIME-GCM results for the quasi-two-day wave, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3783-3780, 1998.
32. Richmond, A. D., E. C. Ridley, and R. G. Roble, A thermosphere/ionosphere general circulation model with coupled electrodynamics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 601-604, 1992.
33. Rishbeth, H., and P. J. S. Williams, The EISCAT ionospheric radar: The system and its early results, Q. J. R. Astron. Soc., 26, 478-512, 1985.
34. Roble, R. G., and E. C. Ridley, A thermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere-elcctrodynamics general circulation model (time-GCM): Equinox solar cycle minimum simulations (30-500 km), Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 417-420, 1994.
35. Roble, R. G., E. C. Ridley, A. D. Richmond, and R. E. Dickinson, A coupled thermosphere/ionosphere general circulation model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 1325-1328, 1988.
36. Thayer, J. P., Height-resolved Joule heating rates in the high-latitude E region and the influence of neutral winds, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 471-487, 1998.
37. van Eyken, A. P., P. J. S. Williams, S. C. Buchert, and M. Kunitake, First measurements of tidal modes in the lower thermosphere by the EISCAT Svalbard radar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 931-934, 2000.
38. Williams, P. J. S., and T. S. Virdi, Incoherent scatter observations of tides in the lower thermosphere at high latitudes, Adv. Space Res., 12(10), 97-106, 1992.
39. Williams, P. J. S., T. S. Virdi, G. O. L. Jones, and A. Huuskonen, A comparison of three methods of measuring tidal oscillations in the lower thermosphere using EISCAT common programmes, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 56, 1347-1359, 1994.