Survey of bioterrorism risk in buildings

Journal of Architectural Engineering

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 7-17

  Thompson, Benjamin P ^a   Bank, Lawrence C ^a  

^a Dept of Civil and Environmental Engineering ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Buildings; Risk management; Security; Terrorism

Indexed keywords

BIOTERRORISM RISK; RISK COMMUNICATION; SECURITY DESIGN PROFESSIONS;

CIVIL ENGINEERING; RISK MANAGEMENT; RISK PERCEPTION; STRUCTURAL DESIGN;

RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 39349086394     PISSN: 10760431     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0431(2008)14:1(7)     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Aako, E. (2004). " Risk communication, risk perception, and public health.." Wis. Med. J. WMJOA7 0043-6542, 103 (1), 25-27.
2. Abilek, K. (1999). Biohazard, Random House, New York.
3. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). (2003). Risk management guidance for health, safety, and environmental security under extraordinary incidents, Atlanta.
4. Arizona Department of Health Services (AZDHS). (2005). History of biowarfare and bioterrorism, Phoenix, 〈 http://www.azdhs.gov/phs/edc/edrp/ es/bthistor2.htm 〉 (July 18, 2005).
5. Barrett, W. P. (2005). " What's riskier than bioterrorism? " Forbes, 176 (8), 40.
6. Blewett, W. K. (2004). " Chemical and biological threats: The nature and risk.." Heating/Piping/Air Cond. Engineering, 76 (9), 57.
7. Carus, W. S. (1997). " The threat of bioterrorism.." National Defense University Strategic Forum Index, 127 (Sept.).
8. Center for the Advancement of Collaborative Strategies in Health (CACSH). (2004). Redefining readiness: Terrorism planning through the eyes of the public: Overview of the project, New York, 〈 http://www.cacsh.org/eptpp. html 〉 (August 3, 2005).
9. Center for Informed Decision Making (CIDM). (1998). Thinking about risk, 〈 http://www.cygnus-group.com/CIDM/risk.html 〉 (Dec. 9, 2005).
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2004). " Preliminary results from the World Trade Center evacuation study-New York City, 2003.." Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Rep., 53 (35), 815-817.
11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2006). " Bioterrorism agents/diseases.." Atlanta, 〈 http://www.bt.cdc.gov/ agent/agentlist-category.asp#a 〉 (Aug. 6, 2006).
12. Conference for Food Protection (CFP). (2006). " Emergency guidance for retail food establishments.." Proc., Conf. for Food Protection, Emergency Preparedness Committee of Council II, Lincoln, Calif.
13. Dauelsberg, L. R., and Outkin, A. V. (2005). " Modeling economic impacts to critical infrastructures in a system dynamics framework.." Proc., 23rd Int. Conf. of the System Dynamics Society, System Dynamic Society, Albany, N.Y.
14. Decker, R. J. (2001). Homeland security: Key elements of a risk management approach, Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations; House Committee on Government Reform, U.S. General Accounting Office, Washington, D.C.
15. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2003). Reference manual to mitigate potential terrorist attacks against buildings, FEMA 426, Washington, D.C.
16. Frist, B. (2002). " Public health and national security: The critical role of increased federal support.." Health Aff. ZZZZZZ 0092-8577, 21 (6), 117-130.
17. Glover, N. J. (2000). " Practitioner's forum: Design versus disaster.." J. Archit. Eng. JAEIED 1076-0431, 6 (3), 77-78.
18. Glover, N. J. (2002). " Countering chemical and biological terrorism.." Civ. Eng. (N.Y.) CIEGAG 0009-7853, 72 (5), 62-67.
19. Haas, C. N. (2002). " The role of risk analysis in understanding bioterrorism.." Risk Anal. RIANDF 0272-4332 10.1111/0272-4332.00239, 22 (4), 671-677.
20. Hall, M. J., Norwood, A. E., Ursano, R. J., and Fullerton, C. S. (2003). " The psychological impacts of bioterrorism.." Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science, 1 (2), 139-144.
21. Hazardous Waste Research Center (HWRC). (2004). " New technology helps protect New York City buildings from bio-weapons.." Bioterrorism Week, Nov. 8, 3-5.
22. Heller, A. (2003). " BASIS counters airborne bioterrorism.." S&TR, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Calif., 6-7
23. Hughart, J. L., and Bashor, M. M. (1999). " ATSDR Rep. on Chemical Terrorism.." Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Atlanta.
24. Jaeger, C. (2004). " Security risk assessment methodology for communities (RAM-C).." 38th Annual 2004 Int. Carnahan Conf. on Security Technology, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, 106-110.
25. Kean, T. H., and Hamilton, L. H. (2004). The 9/11 Commission Rep., W. W. Norton, New York.
26. Keselman, A., Slaughter, L., and Patel, V. L. (2005). " Toward a framework for understanding lay public's comprehension of disaster and bioterrorism information.." J. Biomed. Inf. JBIOBL 1532-0464, 38, 331-344.
27. Kortepeter, M. G., Cieslak, T. J., and Eitzen, E. M. (2001). " Bioterrorism.." J. Environ. Health ZZZZZZ 0022-0892, 63 (6), 21-24.
28. Kowalski, W. J. (2003). Immune building systems technology, McGraw-Hill, New York.
29. Kowalski, W. J., and Bahnfleth, W. P. (2003). " Immune-building technology and bioterrorism defense.." HPAC Engineering, Jan., 57-62.
30. Kunreuther, H. (2002). " Risk analysis and risk management in an uncertain world.." Risk Anal. RIANDF 0272-4332, 22 (4), 655-664.
31. Nadel, B. A. (2002). " High-risk buildings placed in a class all their own.." Eng. News-Rec. ENREAU 0013-807X, 248 (11), 13-15.
32. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (2002). Guidance for protecting building environments from airborne chemical, biological, or radiological attacks, Cincinnati.
33. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). (2003). Evacuating high-rise buildings. Fact sheet, 〈 http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/ data_General_Facts/evacuating-highrise-factsheet.pdf 〉 (Dec. 10, 2005).
34. Olds, G. R. (2001). " The new face of terrorism.." Milwaukee J. Sentinel, Oct. 28, J1.
35. O'Toole, T., Mair, M., and Inglesby, T. V. (2002). " Shining light on dark winter..'" Confronting Biological Weapons, 34, 972-983.
36. Powers, M. J., and Ban, J. (2002). " Bioterrorism: Threat and preparedness.." The Bridge, 32 (1), 29-33.
37. Reddy, T. A., and Fierko, J. (2004). " Uncertainty-based quantitative model for assessing risks in existing buildings.." ASHRAE Trans. ASHTAG 0001-2505, 217-231.
38. Roos, R. (2004). " Thinking the unthinkable: Imagining bioterrorism at the U.." Univ. Minnesota News, Minneapolis, 〈 http://www1.umn.edu/ umnnews/Feature_Stories/ Thinking_the_unthinkable_Imagining_bioterrorism_at_the_U.html 〉 (Nov. 21, 2005).
39. Sacks, R. (2004). " Preliminary results announced for World Trade Center evacuation study.." Fact sheet, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia Univ., 〈 www.mailman.hs.columbia.edu/news/wtc-evacuation-study. html 〉 (Dec. 9, 2006).
40. Sandman, P. M. (2003). " Bioterrorism risk communication policy.." J. Health Communication, 8, 146-147.
41. Shahar, Y. (2005). " Toward a target-specific method of threat assessment.." IEEE Int. Conf. on Intelligence and Security Informatics, IEEE, New York, 139-152.
42. Slovic, P., Fischhoff, B., and Lichtenstein, S. (1979a). " Rating the risks.." Environment ENVTAR 0013-9157, 21 (3), 14-20.
43. Slovic, P., Fischhoff, B., and Lichtenstein, S. (1979b). " Rating the risks.." Environment ENVTAR 0013-9157, 36-39.
44. Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). (2005). " Risk assessment methodology for communities (RAM-C) fact sheet.." Albuquerque, N.M., 〈 http://www.sandia.gov/ram/RAM-C%20Fact%20Sheet%20General%20Information.pdf 〉 (Aug. 10, 2006).
45. Sorensen, J. (2004). " Risk communication and terrorism.." Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science, 2 (3), 229-231.
46. Sorvillo, F., Greenwood, J. R., and Detels, R. (2002). " Bioterrorism.." Oxford textbook of public health, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, U.K., 1947-1955.
47. Sunstein, C. R. (2003). " Terrorism and probability neglect.." J. Risk and Uncertainty JRUNEN 0895-5646 10.1023/A:1025680924004, 26 (2/3), 121-136.
48. Thompson, B. P., and Bank, L. C. (2007). " Risk perception in performance-based building design and applications to terrorism-resistant design.." J. Perform. Constr. Facil. JPCFEV 0887-3828 10.1061/(ASCE)0887- 3828(2007)21:1(61), 21 (1), 61-69.
49. Tucker, J. B. (1999). " Historical trends related to bioterrorism: An empirical analysis.." Emerg. Infect. Dis. ZZZZZZ 1080-6040, 5 (4), 498-504.
50. United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). (2001). " Protecting buildings and their occupants from airborne hazards.." TI 853-01, Washington, D.C.
51. Warner, J. E. (2004). " Risk communication reloaded.." National Association of County and City Health Officials, 〈 http://bt.naccho.org/e- newsletter-archive/August-Risk-Communication-Reloaded-Warner.htm 〉 (Dec. 9, 2005).
52. Zilinskas, R. A., Hope, B., and North, D. W. (2004). " A discussion of findings and their possible implications from a workshop on bioterrorism threat assessment and risk management.." Risk Anal. RIANDF 0272-4332, 24 (4), 901-908.