What is a human? Toward psychological benchmarks in the field of human-robot interaction

Interaction Studies

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 363-390

  Kahn Jr , Peter H ^a   Ishiguro, Hiroshi ^b   Friedman, Batya ^a   Kanda, Takayuki ^c   Freier, Nathan G ^a   Severson, Rachel L ^a   Miller, Jessica ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b OSAKA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c ADVANCED TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL   (Japan)

^d University of Washington   (United States)

Author keywords

Authenticity of relation; Autonomy; Creativity; Human robot interaction; Imitation; Morality; Privacy; Psychological benchmarks; Reciprocity; Robot ethics

Indexed keywords

EID: 39049138001     PISSN: 15720373     EISSN: 15720381     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1075/is.8.3.04kah     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Akiwa, Y., Sugi, Y., Ogata, T., & Sugano, S. (2004). Imitation based human-robot interaction: - Roles of joint attention and motion prediction. In Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (pp. 283-288). New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
2. Alissandrakis, A., Nehaniv, C. L., Dautenhahn, K., & Saunders, J. (2006). Evaluation of robot imitation attempts: Comparison of the system's and the human's perspectives. In Proceedings of the 1st Annual Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (pp. 134-141). New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
3. Aylett, R. (2002). Robots: Bringing intelligent machines to life? Hauppauge, NY: Barron.
4. Baldwin, J. M. (1973). Social and ethical interpretations in mental development. New York: Arno. (Original work published 1897).
5. Bartneck, C., Nomura, T., Kanda, T., Suzuki, T., & Kato, K. (2005, July 22-27). A cross-cultural study on attitudes towards robots. Proceedings 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International 2005), Las Vegas, USA.
6. Boden, M. A. (2004). The creative mind: Myths and mechanisms (2nd edition). New York: Routledge.
7. Breazeal, C. L. (2002). Designing sociable robots: Intelligent robotics and autonomous agents. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
8. Breazeal, C., Buchsbaum, D., Gray, J., Gatenby, D., & Blumberg, B. (2005). Learning from and about others: Towards using imitation to bootstrap the social understanding of others by robots. Artificial Life, 11, 31-62.
9. Breazeal, C., & Scassellati, B. (2002). Robots that imitate humans. Trend's in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 481-487.
10. Buber, M. (1996). I and thou (M. Kaufmann, Trans.). New York: Touchstone. (Original work published 1970)
11. Buchsbaum, D., Blumberg, B., Breazeal, C., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2005). A simulation-theory inspired social learning system for interactive characters. In Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (pp. 85-90). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.
12. Dautenhahn, K. (2003). Roles of robots in human society - Implications from research in autism therapy. Robotica, 21, 443-452.
13. Dautenhahn, K., & Nehaniv, C. L. (Eds.). (2002). Imitation in animals and artifacts. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
14. Dawkins, R. (1976). The selfish gene. New York: Oxford University Press.
15. Dworkin, R. (1978). Taking rights seriously. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
16. Fein, G. G. (1981). Pretend play in childhood: An integrative review. Child Development, 52, 1095-1118.
17. Fong, T., Nourbakhsh, I., & Dautenhahn, K. (2003). A survey of socially interactive robots. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 42, 143-166.
18. Freier, N. G. (2006). Towards an interactional model of children's relationships to personified adaptive systems. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Cognitive Science (ICCS 2006) (pp. 91-92). Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
19. Freier, N. G. (2007). Children distinguish conventional from moral violations in interactions with a personified agent. In Extended Abstracts of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing (CHI'07). (pp. 2195-2200). New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
20. Friedman, B., & Kahn, P. H., Jr. (1992). Human agency and responsible computing: Implications for computer system design. Journal of Systems Software, 17, 7-14.
21. Friedman, B., & Kahn, P. H., Jr. (2003). Human values, ethics, and design. In J. A. Jacko & A. Sears (Eds.), The Human-computer interaction handbook (pp. 1177-1201). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
22. Friedman, B., Kahn, P.H., Jr., & Hagman, J. (2003). Hardware companions? What online AIBO discussion forums reveal about the hurnan-robotic relationship. Proceedings of the CHI 2003 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 273-280). New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
23. Friedman, B,, Lin, P, & Miller, J. K. (2005). Informed consent by design. In L. Cranor & S. Garfinkel (Eds.), Designing Secure Systems that People Can Use (pp. 495-521). Cambridge, MA: O'Reilly and Associates.
24. Friedman, B., & Millet, L. (1995). "It's the computer's fault": Reasoning about computers as moral agents. In Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 226-227). New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
25. Gopnik, A., & Meltzoff, A. N. (1998). Words, thoughts, and theories. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
26. Helwig, C. C., Tisak, M., & Turiel, E. (1990). Children's social reasoning in context. Child Development, 61, 2068-2078.
27. Hofstadter, D. R., & Dennett, D. C. (Eds.). (1981). The mind's I. New York: Basic Books.
28. Ishiguro, H. (2004). Toward interactive humanoid robots: A constructive approach to developing intelligent robots. In Proceedings of the third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS 2004) (pp. 621-622). New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
29. Ishiguro, H. (2005). Android science: Toward a new cross - disciplinary framework. In Cogsci- 2005 workshop: Toward social mechanisms of android sciences (pp. 1-6). Stresa, Italy.
30. John-Steiner, V. (2000). Creative Collaboration. New York: Oxford University Press.
31. Kahn, P. H., Jr. (1992). Children's obligatory and discretionary moral judgments. Child Development, 63, 416-430.
32. Kahn, P. H., Jr. (1999). The human relationship with nature: Development and culture. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
33. Kahn, P. H., Jr., Freier, N. G., Friedman, B., Severson, R. L. & Feldman, E. (2004). Social and moral relationships with robotic others? Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN'04) (pp. 545-550). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.
34. Kahn, P. H., Jr., Friedman, B., Perez-Granados, D. R., & Freier, N. G. (2006). Robotic pets in the lives of preschool children. Interaction Studies: Social Behavior and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems, 7, 405-436.
35. Kanda, T., Hirano, T., Eaton, D., & Ishiguro, H. (2004). Interactive robots as social partners and peer tutors for children: A field trial. Human Computer Interaction, 19, 61-84.
36. Kanda, T., Ishiguro, H., Imai, M., & Ono, T. (2004). Development and evaluation of interactive humanoid robots. In Proceedings of the IEEE (Special issue on Human interactive robot for psychological enrichment), 92, 1839-1850.
37. Kaplan, F. (2001). Artificial attachment: Will a robot ever pass Ainsworth's strange situation test? In S. Hashimoto (Ed.), Proceedings of Humanoids 2001: IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots (pp. 99-106). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.
38. Kiesler, S., & Goetz, J. (2002). Mental models of robotic assistants. In Extended Abstracts of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '02) (pp. 576-577). New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
39. Kohlberg, L. (1969). Stage and sequence: The cognitive-developmental approach to socialization. In D. A. Goslin (Ed.), Handbook of socialization theory and research (pp. 347-480). New York: Rand McNally.
40. Kohlberg, L. (1984). Essays in moral development: Vol. II. The psychology of moral development. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
41. MacDorman, K. F. (2005). Androids as an experimental apparatus: Why is there an uncanny valley and can we exploit it? CogSci-2005 Workshop: Toward Social Mechanisms of Android Science (pp. 106-118). Stresa, Italy.
42. MacDorman, K. F., & Ishiguro, H. (2006). The uncanny advantage of using androids in cognitive and social science research. Interaction Studies: Social Behavior and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems, 7, 297-337.
43. Mei, Y. P. (1972). Mo Tzu. In P. Edwards (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Vol. 5. (pp. 409-410). New York: Macmillan.
44. Melson, G. F., Kahn, P. H., Jr., Beck, A. M., Friedman, B., Roberts, T., & Garrett, E. (2005). Robots as dogs? - Children's interactions with the robotic dog AIBO and a live Australian Shepherd. In Extended Abstracts of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'05) (pp. 1649-1652). New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
45. Meltzoff, A. N. (1995). Understanding the intentions of others: Re-enactment of intended acts by 18-month-old children. Developmental Psychology, 31, 838-850.
46. Minato, T., Shimada, M., Ishiguro, H., & Itakura, S. (2004). Development of an android robot for studying human-robot interaction. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems (pp. 424-434). New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
47. Myers, B., Hollan, J., Cruz, I., Bryson, S. Bulterman, D., Catarci, T., Citrin, W., Glinert, E., Grudin, J., & Ioannidis, Y. (1996). Strategic directions in human-computer interaction. ACM Computing Surveys, 28, 794-809.
48. Nourbakhsh, R. I. (2006). A roadmap for technology literacy and a vehicle for getting there: Educational robotics and the TeRK project. Plenary presented at The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN '06), September 6-8, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
49. Oxford English Dictionary. (2004). Oxford University Press, Oxford, England. Retrieved May 24, 2004 from http://dictionary.oed.com/.
50. Piaget, J. (1969). The moral judgment of the child. Glencoe, IL: Free Press. (Original work published 1932).
51. Piaget, J. (1970). Structuralism. New York: Harper and Row.
52. Piaget, J. (1983). Piaget's theory. In W. Kessen (Ed.), P. H. Mussen (Series Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. History, theory, and methods (4th ed., pp. 103-128). New York: Wiley.
53. Povinelli, D. J. (2000). Folk physics for apes: The chimpanzee's theory of how the world works. New York: Oxford University Press.
54. Searle, J. R. (1990). Is the brain's mind a computer program? Scientific American, 262, 1, 26-31.
55. Severson, R. L. & Kahn, P. H., Jr. (2005, April). Social and moral judgments about pesticides and the natural environment: A developmental study with farm worker children. Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Atlanta, GA.
56. Skinner, B. F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York: Knopf.
57. Smetana, J. G. (1995). Morality in context: Abstractions, ambiguities and applications. In R. Vasta (Ed.), Annals of Child Development (Vol. 10, pp. 83-130). London: Jessica Kingsley.
58. Smetana, J. (1997). Parenting and the development of social knowledge reconceptualized: A social domain analysis. In J. E. Grusec & L. Kuczynski (Eds.), Handbook of parenting and the transmission of values (pp. 162-192). New York: Wiley.
59. Steinfeld, A., Fong, T., Kaber, D., Lewis, M., Scholtz, J., Schultz, A., & Goodrich, M. (2006). Common metrics for human-robot interaction. In Proceedings of the 1st Annual Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI'06) (pp. 33-40). New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
60. Sternberg, R. J. (2005). Creativity or creativities? In E. A. Edmonds & L. Candy (Eds.), Special Issue on Computer support for creativity. International Journal Human-Computer Studies, 63, 370-382.
61. Sternberg, R. J. (2006). The nature of creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 18, 87-98.
62. Sternberg, R. J. & Lubart, T. I. (1991). An investment theory of creativity and its development. Human Development, 34, 1-31.
63. Tisak, M. S. (1995). Domains of social reasoning and beyond. In R. Vasta (Ed.), Annals of Child Development (Vol. 11, pp. 95-130). London: Jessica Kingsley.
64. Tomasello, M. (2000). The cultural origins of human cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
65. Turiel, E. (1983). The development of social knowledge. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
66. Turiel, E. (1998). Moral development. In W. Damon (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology. (5th ed.). Vol. 3: N. Eisenberg (Ed.), Social, emotional, and personality development (pp. 863-932). New York: Wiley.
67. Turiel, E. & Davidson, P. (1986). Heterogeneity, inconsistency, and asynchrony in the development of cognitive structures. In I. Levin (Ed.), Stage and structure: Reopening the debate (pp. 106-143). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
68. Turiel, E., Killen, M., & Helwig, C. C. (1987). Morality: Its structure, functions and vagaries. In J. Kagan and S. Lamb (Eds.), The emergence of morality in young children (pp. 155-244). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
69. Yamamoto, D., Doi, M., Matsuhira, N., Ueda, H., & Kidode, M. (2004). Behavior fusion in a robotic interface for practicality and familiarity: Approach by simultaneous imitations. In Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (HRI'04), (pp. 114-119). New York: Association for Computing Machinery.