Development of a functional model which integrates human factors, safety management systems and wider organisational issues

Safety Science

Volumn 46, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 461-492

  Bellamy, Linda J ^a   Geyer, Tim A W ^b   Wilkinson, John ^c  

^a White Queen BV   (Netherlands)

^b Environmental Resources Management Group Inc   (United Kingdom)

^c Hazardous Installations Directorate   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Accidents; Archetype; Assessment; Chemical industry; Human factors; Inspection; Major hazard safety; Model; Organisational issues; Safety management systems

Indexed keywords

HAZARDS; INSPECTION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; REGULATORY COMPLIANCE; TAXONOMIES;

HAZARD CONTEXT; HUMAN FACTORS; LOGICAL PATTERNS; MAJOR HAZARD SAFETY; SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS;

ACCIDENT PREVENTION;

ACCIDENT PREVENTION; ARTICLE; BIOSAFETY; CHANGE MANAGEMENT; CHEMICAL INDUSTRY; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; HOLISTIC CARE; MEDICAL AUDIT; OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VALIDATION PROCESS;

EID: 38949176312     PISSN: 09257535     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2006.08.019     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Ale, B.J.M., 2006. The Occupational Risk Model. Risk Centre University of Delft, ISBN-10:90-5638-157-1.
2. Ale B.J.M., Post J.G., and Bellamy L.J. The interface between the technical and the management model for use in quantified risk analysis. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on PSAM 4 at New York City, USA, September 13-18, 1998. In: Mosleh A., and Bari R.A. (Eds). Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management vol. 3 (1998), Springer 2087-2092
3. Ale, B.J.M., Bellamy, L.J., Oh, J.I.H., Whiston, J.Y., Mud, M.L., Baksteen, H., Papazoglou, I.A., Hale, A.R. Bloemhoff, A., Post, J., in press. ORM: development of an integrated method to assess occupational risk. In: Proceedings of Conference PSAM 8, New Orleans, USA, 2006.
4. Astrand P.-O., and Rodahl K. Textbook of Work Physiology Physiological Bases of Exercise (1977), McGraw-Hill Publishers. 0-07-002406-5
5. In: Ball P.W. (Ed). The Guide to Reducing Human Error in Process Operations', HFRG, Safety and Reliability Directorate (1985), AEA Technology, UK
6. Beale, T., 2001. Archetypes: constraint-based domain models for future-proof information systems. Revision: 2.2.1. Available from: .
7. Bellamy L.J. The quantification of human fallibility. Journal of Health and Safety 6 (1991) 13-22
8. Bellamy, L.J., 2002. Assessment and inspection support Part A. Results of interviews with regulatory inspectors on assessment of COMAH safety reports. HSE Contract 4084/R72.057 SAVE Report 020826-K70, June 2002.
9. Bellamy L.J., and Brouwer W.G.J. AVRIM2, a Dutch major hazard assessment and inspection tool. Journal of Hazardous Materials 65 (1999) 191-210
10. Bellamy, L.J., Geyer, T.A.W., Addressing human factors issues in the safe design and operation of computer controlled process systems. In: Safety And Reliability Society Symposium (SARSS '88), Altrincham, Manchester, UK, October 1988, pp. 19-20.
11. Bellamy, L.J., Geyer, T.A.W., 1992. Organisational, management and human factors in quantified risk assessment - Report 1 - HSE Contract Research Report 33/92.
12. Bellamy, L.J., Geyer, T.A.W., 2005. Human factors, major hazard management and organisation: taxonomy and literature. White Queen report Report No: WQ 050428-11. Contract Reference HSE 6075.
13. Bellamy, L.J., Geyer, T.A.W., 2006. Development of a functional model which integrates human factors, safety management systems and wider organisational issues. Draft Final Report to HSE. Contract Reference HSE 6075, June 2006.
14. Bellamy, L.J., Geyer, T.A.W., Astley, J.A., 1989. Evaluation of the human contribution to pipework and in-line equipment failure frequencies. Health and Safety Executive, Bootle: HSE, 1989. ISBN 0717603245. HSE Contract Research Report 15/1989.
15. Bellamy, L.J., Leathley, B.A., Gibson, W.H., 1995. Organisational factors and safety in the process industry: inspection tool development. Establishing A Link Between Safety Performance and Organisation. Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, Den Haag, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-5250-976-X.
16. Bellamy, L.J., Goossens, L.H.J., Hale, A.R., 1999a. Analysis of a chemical accident for OECD nuclear energy agency, PWG-5 Task 97-2. Errors of Commission; undertaken for the Dutch Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (Kernfysische Dienst), Ministry of VROM, and Ministry SZW, Postbus 90801, 2509 LV Den Haag.
17. Bellamy, L.J., Papazoglou, I.A., Hale, A.R., Aneziris, O.N., Ale, B.J.M., Morris, M.I., Oh, J.I.H. 1999b. I-Risk: Development of an integrated technical and management risk control and monitoring methodology for managing and quantifying on-site and off-site risks. Contract ENVA-CT96-0243. Report to European Union. Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment. Den Haag.
18. Bellamy, L.J., Mud, M.L., Ale, B.J.M., Whiston, Y., Baksteen, H., Hale, A.R., Papazoglou, I.A., Anezeris, O., Bloemhoff, A., Oh, J.I.H., 2006. The software tool Storybuilder and the analysis of the horrible stories of occupational accidents. 3rd International Conference Working on Safety 12-15 September, The Netherlands.
19. Collins, A., Keeley, D., 2003. Loss of containment incident analysis RAS/03/09 analysis of onshore dangerous occurrence and injury data leading to a loss of containment. Health and Safety Laboratory, Broad Lane, Sheffield. UK. S3 7HQ, alison.collins@hsl.gov.uk.
20. Cox T. Stress (1978), The MacMillan Press Ltd Publishers. 0 333 19403 9
21. Drenth P., Thiery H., and de Wolff C. Handbook of work and organizational psychology. Organizational Psychology vol. 4 (1988), Psychology Press. 0-86377-526-8
22. Ergonomics Information Analysis Centre, 2005. Classification scheme for Ergonomics Abstracts. Provided by Christine Stapleton, Manager, Ergonomics Information Analysis Centre, School of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, England.
23. Entec UK Ltd, 2001. Assessing the safety of staffing arrangements for process operations in the chemical and allied industries HSE Contract Research Report 348/2001, ISBN 0 7176 2044 1.
24. Ergonomics Society, 2005. Available from: .
25. European Commission, 1995. Contract Research Report: Auditing and Safety Management for Safe Operations and Land Use Planning. Contract EV5V-CT92-0068.
26. Galer I. Applied Ergonomics Handbook. second ed. (1987), Butterworths Publishers. 0-408-00880-6
27. Gawron V. Human Performance Measure Handbook (2000), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. 0-8058-3701-9
28. Green J. An Introduction to Human Physiology. Forth S.I. ed. (1693), Oxford University Press. 0 19 263328 7
29. Guldenmund, F.W., Hale, A.R., Bellamy, L.J. 1999. The development and application of a tailored audit approach to major chemical hazard sites. Proceedings of European Conference Seveso 2000 10-12 November 1999 Athens Greece. Available from: .
30. Health and Safety Executive, 1975. The Flixborough Disaster: Report of the Court of Inquiry. Formal investigation into accident on 1st June 1974 at the Nypro Factory at Flixborough. HMSO 1975. ISBN 011 361075 0.
31. Health and Safety Executive, 1989a. Human factors in industrial safety, HS(G)48. ISBN 0 11 885486 0.
32. Health and Safety Executive, 1989b. The fires and explosion at BP Oil (Grangemouth) Refinery Ltd. A report of the investigations by the Health and Safety Executive into the fires and explosion at Grangemouth and Dalmeny, Scotland, 13 March, 22 March and 11 June 1987. HMSO Books, 1989. ISBN 0 11 885493 3.
33. Health and Safety Executive, 1993. The fire at Allied Colloids Limited. A report of HSEs investigation into the fire at Allied Colloids Ltd, Low Moor, Bradford on 21 July 1992, HSE Books, 1993. ISBN 0 7176 0707 0.
34. Health and Safety Executive, 1994. The fire at Hickson & Welch Ltd: a report of the investigation by the Health and Safety Executive into the fatal fire at Hickson and Welch Ltd., Castleford on 21 September 1992. HSE Books, 1994. ISBN 0 7176 0702 X.
35. Health and Safety Executive, 1996. The chemical release and fire at the Associated Octel Company Ltd. A report of the investigations by the Health and Safety Executive into the chemical release and fire at the Associated Octel Company, Ellesmere Port on 1 and 2 February 1994. HSE Books, 1996, ISBN 0 7176 0830 1.
36. Health and Safety Executive 1997a. Successful health and safety management HSG65. (2nd edition). HSE Books. ISBN 0 7176 1276 7.
37. Health and Safety Executive, 1997b. The explosion and fires at the Texaco Refinery, Milford Haven, 24 July 1994: A report of the investigation by the Health and Safety Executive into the explosion and fires on the Pembroke Cracking Company Plant at the Texaco Refinery, Milford Haven on 24 July 1994, HSE Books 1997, ISBN 0 7176 1413 1.
38. Health and Safety Executive, 1999. Reducing error and influencing behaviour HSG48. HSE Books. ISBN 0 7176 2452 8.
39. Health and Safety Executive 2000. Improving maintenance - a guide to reducing human error. HSE Books 2000, ISBN 0 7176 1818 8.
40. Health and Safety Executive 2001 HID CI/SI Inspection Manual. Issued 11/04/2001. (There are more recent updates but this is the publically available version at ).
41. Health and Safety Executive, 2003a. COMAH safety report assessment manual. Issue date January 2003. .
42. Health and Safety Executive, 2003b. Information sheet no.CHIS7: Organisational change and major accident hazards. Published on the HSE website .
43. Health and Safety Executive, 2005. Inspectors Toolkit. Human factors in the management of major accident hazards. Oct 2005. Published on the HSE website .
44. Health and Safety Executive, 2006. COMAH Safety Report Assessment Manual S8-15, particularly Appendix 4 in Section 12 for Human Factors aspects. .
45. Hopkins A. Lessons from Longford. The Esso gas plant explosion (2000), CCH Australia Ltd. 1 86468 422 4
46. Hurst N.W., Bellamy L.J., Geyer T.A.W., and Astley J.A. A classification scheme for pipework failures to include human and sociotechnical errors and their contribution to pipework failure frequencies. Journal of Hazardous Materials 26 2 (1991) 159-186
47. Keil Centre, 2001. Safety culture maturity model. Prepared by The Keil Centre for the Health and Safety Executive Offshore Technology Report 2000/049. HSE Books. ISBN 0 7176 1919 2.
48. Kim J.W., and Jung W. A taxonomy of performance influencing factors for human reliability analysis of emergency tasks. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 16 (2003) 479-495
49. Lees F.P. Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. Second ed. Hazard Identification, Assessment and Control (1996), Reed Educational and Professional Publishing. 0 7506 1547 8
50. Marca D.A., and McGowan C.L. SADT: Structured Analysis and Design Technique (1988), McGraw-Hill, New York
51. MaTSU, 2001. Summary guide to safety climate tools. Prepared by MaTSU for the Health and Safety Executive. Offshore Technology Report 1999/063. HSE Books. ISBN 0 7176 1958 3.
52. Mintzberg H. The structuring of organizations (1979), Prentice-Hall International Inc. 0-13-853771-2
53. Mullins L. Management and Organisational Behaviour. fourth ed. (1985), Pitman Publishing. 0-273-61598-X
54. Muyselaar, A.J., Bellamy, L.J., 1994. An audit technique for the evaluation and management of risks. In: P.C. Cacciabue et al. (Ed.), Paper presented at the CEC DGXI workshop on Safety Management in the Process Industry, October 7-8, 1993, Ravello, Italy, pp. 175-192. Safety Management Systems in the Process Industry. Report EUR 15743 EN, European Commission, 1994.
55. Network, 2004. Safety culture and behavioral change at the workplace. Workshop chaired by Hale, A.R., TU Delft, The Netherlands and Wilpert, B., Berlin University of Technology, Germany.
56. Oh, J.I.H., Bellamy, L.J., 2000. AVRIM2: a holistic assessment tool for use within the context of the EU Seveso II directive. Ministry of Social Affairs, The Netherlands Presentation for the Seveso 2000 Conference 22-23 June, Bordeaux, France.
57. Oh, J.I.H., 2005. Personal communication about development of a holistic model. JOh@minszw.nl, Deputy Unit Head, Occupational Safety and Major Hazards, Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment (SZW), P.O. Box 90801, 2509 LV The Hague, The Netherlands.
58. Palmer S., Cooper C., and Thomas K. Model of organisational stress for use within an occupational health education/promotion or wellbeing programme - a short communication. Health Education Journal 60 4 (2001) 378-380
59. Papazoglou I.A., Bellamy L.J., Hale A.R., Aneziris O.N., Ale B.J.M., Post J.G., and Oh J.I.H. I-Risk: development of an integrated technical and management risk methodology for chemical installations". Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 16 (2003) 575-591
60. Perrow C. Normal Accidents (1984), Basic Books, New York
61. Pheasant S. Bodyspace Anthropometry. second ed. Ergonomics and the Design of Work (1986), Taylor & Francis Publishers. 0-7484 0326-4
62. Rasmusssen, J., 1981. Human errors. A Taxonomy for Describing Human Malfunction in Industrial Installations. Report Riso-M-2304 (August 1981). Riso National Laboratory, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
63. Ratcliff K.B. STATAS: development of an HSE audit scheme for loss of containment incidents - Part 2: management and organisational factors: a socio-technical model of accident causation. Journal of Loss Prevention Bulletin (1993) 113
64. Reason I.T. Human Error (1990), Cambridge University Press, UK
65. Reason J. Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents James Reason (1997), Ashgate Publishing. 1 84014 105 0
66. Sanders M., and McCormick E. Human Factors in Engineering and Design. seventh ed. (1992), McGraw-Hill Inc. Publishers. 0-07-112826-3
67. Schein E. Organizational Culture and Leadership. second ed. (1992), Jossey-Bass Publishers. 0-7879-0362-0
68. Singleton W.T., Fox J.G., and Whitfield D. Measurement of man at work. In: Singleton, Fox, and Whitfield (Eds). An Appraisal of Physiological and Psychological Criteria in Man-machine Systems (1973), Taylor and Francis ISBN 0 85066 071
69. University of South Africa, 2005. Programme in industrial and organisational psychology. Available from: .
70. Van Cott H., and Kinkade R. Human Engineering Guide to Equipment Design. revised ed. (1972), McGraw-Hill Company Publishers 008-051- 00050-0
71. Wilson J., and Corlett E. Evaluation of Human Work. second ed. A Practical Ergonomics Methodology (1990), Taylor & Francis Publishers. 07484 0084 2
72. Wright, M., Turner, D., Horbury, C., 2003. Competence assessment for the hazardous industries Reserach Report 086. ISBN 0 7176 2167 7. London: HMSO.