메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 423-435

The oral contraceptive pill, mechanisms of vascular risk, and practical prescribing strategies for women with thrombotic problems

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 38949089467     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (2)

References (116)
  • 1
    • 0003532320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: United Nations
    • United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis Population Division. Levels and Trends of Contraceptive Use as Assessed in 1994. New York: United Nations, 1996.
    • (1996) Levels and Trends of Contraceptive Use as Assessed in 1994
  • 2
    • 0028116025 scopus 로고
    • Lowdose combined oral contraceptives
    • Robinson GE. Lowdose combined oral contraceptives. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994; 101: 1036-42.
    • (1994) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.101 , pp. 1036-1042
    • Robinson, G.E.1
  • 3
    • 0028213422 scopus 로고
    • New progestogens in oral contraception
    • Fotherby K, Caldwell ADS. New progestogens in oral contraception. Contraception 1994; 49: 132.
    • (1994) Contraception , vol.49 , pp. 132
    • Fotherby, K.1    Caldwell, A.D.S.2
  • 5
    • 0003667408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speroff L, Fritz MA, Glass RH, Kase NG, eds. 7th ed. Baltimore: Lipincott, Williams and Wilkins
    • Oral contraception. In: Speroff L, Fritz MA, Glass RH, Kase NG, eds. Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility, 7th ed. Baltimore: Lipincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2005.
    • (2005) Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility
  • 7
    • 0032457935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The collection and interpretation of epidemiological data about the cardiovascular risks associated with the use of steroid contraceptives
    • Hannaford P. The collection and interpretation of epidemiological data about the cardiovascular risks associated with the use of steroid contraceptives. Contraception 1998; 57: 137-42.
    • (1998) Contraception , vol.57 , pp. 137-142
    • Hannaford, P.1
  • 8
    • 0003528179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report of a WHO scientific group. Geneva: World Health Organization, (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 877)
    • Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Report of a WHO scientific group. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1998 (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 877).
    • (1998) Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception
  • 9
    • 0031686875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects on hemostatic variables of desogestrel and gestodene-containing oral contraceptives in comparison with levonorgestrel-containing oral contraceptives: A review
    • Winkler UH. Effects on hemostatic variables of desogestrel and gestodene-containing oral contraceptives in comparison with levonorgestrel-containing oral contraceptives: a review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179: S51-61.
    • (1998) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.179 , pp. S51-S61
    • Winkler, U.H.1
  • 10
    • 0033547622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose oral contraceptives and acquired resistance to activated protein C: A randomized cross-over study
    • Rosing J, Middeldorp S, Curvers J, et al. Low-dose oral contraceptives and acquired resistance to activated protein C: a randomized cross-over study. Lancet 1999; 354: 2036-40.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 2036-2040
    • Rosing, J.1    Middeldorp, S.2    Curvers, J.3
  • 11
    • 0033917642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects on coagulation of levonorgestrel and desogestrel containing low dose oral contraceptives: A cross-over study
    • Middeldorp S, Meijers JCM, van den Ende AE, et al. Effects on coagulation of levonorgestrel and desogestrel containing low dose oral contraceptives: a cross-over study. Thromb Haemost 2000; 84: 4-8.
    • (2000) Thromb Haemost , vol.84 , pp. 4-8
    • Middeldorp, S.1    Meijers, J.C.M.2    van den Ende, A.E.3
  • 12
    • 1642541195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of second- and third-generation oral contraceptives on the protein C system in the absence or presence of the factor V Leiden mutation: A randomized trial
    • Kemmeren JM, Algra A, Meijers JC, et al. Effect of second- and third-generation oral contraceptives on the protein C system in the absence or presence of the factor V Leiden mutation: a randomized trial. Blood 2004; 103: 927-33.
    • (2004) Blood , vol.103 , pp. 927-933
    • Kemmeren, J.M.1    Algra, A.2    Meijers, J.C.3
  • 13
    • 0036166757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of second and third generation oral contraceptives and their respective progestagens on the coagulation system in the absence or presence of the factor V Leiden mutation
    • Kemmeren JM, Algra A, Meijers JC, et al. Effects of second and third generation oral contraceptives and their respective progestagens on the coagulation system in the absence or presence of the factor V Leiden mutation. Thromb Haemost. 2002; 87: 199-205.
    • (2002) Thromb Haemost , vol.87 , pp. 199-205
    • Kemmeren, J.M.1    Algra, A.2    Meijers, J.C.3
  • 14
    • 0033933677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized cross-over study on the effects of levonorgestrel- and desogestrel-containing oral contraceptives on the anticoagulant pathways
    • Tans G, Curvers J, Middeldorp S, et al. A randomized cross-over study on the effects of levonorgestrel- and desogestrel-containing oral contraceptives on the anticoagulant pathways. Thromb Haemost. 2000; 84: 15-21.
    • (2000) Thromb Haemost , vol.84 , pp. 15-21
    • Tans, G.1    Curvers, J.2    Middeldorp, S.3
  • 15
    • 0033947981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased fibrinolytic activity during use of oral contraceptives is counteracted by an enhanced factor XI-independent downregulation of fibrinolysis; a randomized cross-over study of two low-dose oral contraceptives
    • Meijers JCM, Middeldorp S, Tekelenburg W, et al. Increased fibrinolytic activity during use of oral contraceptives is counteracted by an enhanced factor XI-independent downregulation of fibrinolysis; a randomized cross-over study of two low-dose oral contraceptives. Thromb Haemost 2000; 84: 9-14.
    • (2000) Thromb Haemost , vol.84 , pp. 9-14
    • Meijers, J.C.M.1    Middeldorp, S.2    Tekelenburg, W.3
  • 16
    • 0036631022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of second- and third-generation oral contraceptives on fibrinolysis in the absence or presence of the factor V Leiden mutation
    • Kemmeren JM, Algra A, Meijers JC, et al. Effect of second- and third-generation oral contraceptives on fibrinolysis in the absence or presence of the factor V Leiden mutation. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2002; 13: 373-81.
    • (2002) Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis , vol.13 , pp. 373-381
    • Kemmeren, J.M.1    Algra, A.2    Meijers, J.C.3
  • 17
    • 0018966649 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of acute deep vein thrombosis in two districts. A phlebographic study
    • Kierkegaard A. Incidence of acute deep vein thrombosis in two districts. A phlebographic study. Acta Chir Scand 1980; 146: 267-9.
    • (1980) Acta Chir Scand , vol.146 , pp. 267-269
    • Kierkegaard, A.1
  • 19
    • 0012829027 scopus 로고
    • Thrombose und embolie. Gefässen entzündung und septische infektion
    • Virchow R, ed Frankfurt: Meidinger, Sohn un Co
    • Virchow R. Thrombose und embolie. Gefässen entzündung und septische infektion. In: Virchow R, ed. Gesammelte abhandlungen zur wissenschaftlichen Medicin. Frankfurt: Meidinger, Sohn un Co, 1856: 219-732.
    • (1856) Gesammelte abhandlungen zur wissenschaftlichen Medicin , pp. 219-732
    • Virchow, R.1
  • 22
    • 0033519051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Venous thrombosis: A multi-causal disease
    • Rosendaal FR. Venous thrombosis: a multi-causal disease. Lancet 1999; 353: 1167-73.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 1167-1173
    • Rosendaal, F.R.1
  • 23
  • 24
    • 0035928499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Third generation oral contraceptives and risk of venous thrombosis: Meta-analysis
    • Kemmeren JM, Algra A, Grobbee DE. Third generation oral contraceptives and risk of venous thrombosis: meta-analysis. BMJ 2001; 323: 131-4.
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.323 , pp. 131-134
    • Kemmeren, J.M.1    Algra, A.2    Grobbee, D.E.3
  • 25
    • 13344260005 scopus 로고
    • Effect of different progestagens in low oestrogen oral contraceptives on venous thromboembolic disease
    • World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Effect of different progestagens in low oestrogen oral contraceptives on venous thromboembolic disease. Lancet 1995; 346: 1582-8.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1582-1588
  • 26
    • 0029586002 scopus 로고
    • Risk of idiopathic cardiovascular death and non-fatal venous thromboembolism in women using oral contraceptives with differing progestagen components
    • Jick H, Jick SS, Gurewich V, et al. Risk of idiopathic cardiovascular death and non-fatal venous thromboembolism in women using oral contraceptives with differing progestagen components. Lancet 1995; 346: 1589-93.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1589-1593
    • Jick, H.1    Jick, S.S.2    Gurewich, V.3
  • 27
    • 0029609256 scopus 로고
    • Enhancement by factor V Leiden mutation of risk of deep-vein thrombosis associated with oral contraceptives containing a third-generation progestagen
    • Bloemenkamp KWM, Rosendaal FR, Helmerhorst FM, et al. Enhancement by factor V Leiden mutation of risk of deep-vein thrombosis associated with oral contraceptives containing a third-generation progestagen. Lancet 1995; 346: 1593-6.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1593-1596
    • Bloemenkamp, K.W.M.1    Rosendaal, F.R.2    Helmerhorst, F.M.3
  • 28
    • 0029671042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On behalf of Transnational Research Group on Oral Contraceptives and the Health of Young women. Third generation oral contraceptives and risk of venous thromboembolic disorders: An international case-control study
    • Spitzer WO, Lewis MA, Heinemann LAJ, et al. on behalf of Transnational Research Group on Oral Contraceptives and the Health of Young women. Third generation oral contraceptives and risk of venous thromboembolic disorders: an international case-control study. BMJ 1996; 312: 83-8.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.312 , pp. 83-88
    • Spitzer, W.O.1    Lewis, M.A.2    Heinemann, L.A.J.3
  • 29
    • 0031035173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population-based study of risk of venous thromboembolism associated with various oral contraceptives
    • Farmer RDT, Lawrenson RA, Thompson CR, et al. Population-based study of risk of venous thromboembolism associated with various oral contraceptives. Lancet 1997; 349: 83-8.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 83-88
    • Farmer, R.D.T.1    Lawrenson, R.A.2    Thompson, C.R.3
  • 30
    • 0030764967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-time use of newer oral contraceptives and the risk of venous thromboembolism
    • Suissa S, Blais L, Spitzer WO, et al. First-time use of newer oral contraceptives and the risk of venous thromboembolism. Contraception 1997; 56: 141-6.
    • (1997) Contraception , vol.56 , pp. 141-146
    • Suissa, S.1    Blais, L.2    Spitzer, W.O.3
  • 31
    • 0031984036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Third-generation oral contraceptives and heritable thrombophilia as risk factors of non-fatal venous thromboembolism
    • Andersen BS, Olsen J, Nielsen GL, et al. Third-generation oral contraceptives and heritable thrombophilia as risk factors of non-fatal venous thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 1998; 79: 23-31.
    • (1998) Thromb Haemost , vol.79 , pp. 23-31
    • Andersen, B.S.1    Olsen, J.2    Nielsen, G.L.3
  • 32
    • 0031868669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolism. A case-control study
    • Lidegaard Ø, Edström B, Kreiner S. Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolism. A case-control study. Contraception 1998; 57: 291-301.
    • (1998) Contraception , vol.57 , pp. 291-301
    • Lidegaard, Ø.1    Edström, B.2    Kreiner, S.3
  • 33
    • 0032993533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The differential risk of oral contraceptives: The impact of full exposure history
    • Lewis MA, MacRae KD, Kühl-Habich D, et al. The differential risk of oral contraceptives: the impact of full exposure history. Hum Reprod 1999; 14: 1493-9.
    • (1999) Hum Reprod , vol.14 , pp. 1493-1499
    • Lewis, M.A.1    MacRae, K.D.2    Kühl-Habich, D.3
  • 34
    • 0002014569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-causal explanations for the increased risk of venous thromboembolism among users of third-generation oral contraceptives
    • Herings RMC, Urquhart J, Leufkens HGM. Non-causal explanations for the increased risk of venous thromboembolism among users of third-generation oral contraceptives. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 1996; 5: S1-S119.
    • (1996) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf , vol.5 , pp. S1-S119
    • Herings, R.M.C.1    Urquhart, J.2    Leufkens, H.G.M.3
  • 35
    • 0033542848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Venous thromboembolism among new users of different oral contraceptives
    • Herings RMC, Urquhart J, Leufkens HGM. Venous thromboembolism among new users of different oral contraceptives. Lancet 1999; 354: 127-8.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 127-128
    • Herings, R.M.C.1    Urquhart, J.2    Leufkens, H.G.M.3
  • 36
    • 0033604083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Admission for and mortality from primary venous thromboembolism in women of fertile age in Denmark, 1977-95
    • Mellemkjaer L, Sørensen HT, Dreyer L, et al. Admission for and mortality from primary venous thromboembolism in women of fertile age in Denmark, 1977-95. BMJ 1999; 319: 820-1.
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.319 , pp. 820-821
    • Mellemkjaer, L.1    Sørensen, H.T.2    Dreyer, L.3
  • 37
    • 0033545177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of venous thrombosis with use of current low-dose oral contraceptives is not explained by diagnostic suspicion and referral bias
    • Bloemenkamp KWM, Rosendaal FR, Büller HR, et al. Risk of venous thrombosis with use of current low-dose oral contraceptives is not explained by diagnostic suspicion and referral bias. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: 65-70.
    • (1999) Arch Intern Med , vol.159 , pp. 65-70
    • Bloemenkamp, K.W.M.1    Rosendaal, F.R.2    Büller, H.R.3
  • 38
    • 0034755575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of venous thromboembolism from oral contraceptives containing gestodene and desogestrel versus levonorgestrel: A meta-analysis and formal sensitivity analysis
    • Hennessy S, Berlin JA, Kinman JL, et al. Risk of venous thromboembolism from oral contraceptives containing gestodene and desogestrel versus levonorgestrel: a meta-analysis and formal sensitivity analysis. Contraception 2001; 64: 125-33.
    • (2001) Contraception , vol.64 , pp. 125-133
    • Hennessy, S.1    Berlin, J.A.2    Kinman, J.L.3
  • 39
    • 0035960414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of venous thromboembolism with cyproterone or levonorgestrel contraceptives
    • Vasilakis-Scaramozza C, Jick H. Risk of venous thromboembolism with cyproterone or levonorgestrel contraceptives. Lancet 2001; 358: 1427-9.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 1427-1429
    • Vasilakis-Scaramozza, C.1    Jick, H.2
  • 40
    • 27244460190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific oral contraceptive use and venous thromboembolism resulting in hospital admission
    • Heuser P, Tonga K, Hopkins R, et al. Specific oral contraceptive use and venous thromboembolism resulting in hospital admission. N Z Med J 2004; 117: U1176.
    • (2004) N Z Med J , vol.117 , pp. U1176
    • Heuser, P.1    Tonga, K.2    Hopkins, R.3
  • 41
    • 3242879630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Venous thromboembolism associated with cyproterone acetate in combination with ethinyloestradiol (Dianette): Observational studies using the UK General Practice Research Database
    • Seaman HE, de Vries CS, Farmer RD. Venous thromboembolism associated with cyproterone acetate in combination with ethinyloestradiol (Dianette): observational studies using the UK General Practice Research Database. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2004; 13: 427-36.
    • (2004) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf , vol.13 , pp. 427-436
    • Seaman, H.E.1    de Vries, C.S.2    Farmer, R.D.3
  • 42
    • 0037309924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thromboembolism associated with the new contraceptive Yasmin
    • Van Grootheest K, Vrieling T. Thromboembolism associated with the new contraceptive Yasmin. BMJ 2003; 326: 257.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.326 , pp. 257
    • van Grootheest, K.1    Vrieling, T.2
  • 43
    • 8444223128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of a new oral contraceptive containing drospirenone
    • Heinemann LA, Dinger J. Safety of a new oral contraceptive containing drospirenone. Drug Saf 2004; 27: 1001-18.
    • (2004) Drug Saf , vol.27 , pp. 1001-1018
    • Heinemann, L.A.1    Dinger, J.2
  • 44
    • 0027446268 scopus 로고
    • Familial thrombophilia due to previously unrecognized mechanism characterized by poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C: Prediction of a cofactor to activated protein C
    • Dahlbäck B, Carlsson M, Svensson PJ. Familial thrombophilia due to previously unrecognized mechanism characterized by poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C: prediction of a cofactor to activated protein C. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90: 1004-8.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.90 , pp. 1004-1008
    • Dahlbäck, B.1    Carlsson, M.2    Svensson, P.J.3
  • 45
    • 0028314865 scopus 로고
    • Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C
    • Bertina RM, Koeleman RPC, Koster T, et al. Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C. Nature 1994; 369: 64-7.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.369 , pp. 64-67
    • Bertina, R.M.1    Koeleman, R.P.C.2    Koster, T.3
  • 46
    • 0027520285 scopus 로고
    • Venous thrombosis due to poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C: Leiden Thrombophilia Study
    • Koster T, Rosendaal FR, Ronde H de, et al. Venous thrombosis due to poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C: Leiden Thrombophilia Study. Lancet 1993; 342: 1503-6.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 1503-1506
    • Koster, T.1    Rosendaal, F.R.2    de Ronde, H.3
  • 47
    • 0028931717 scopus 로고
    • High risk of thrombosis in patients homozygous for factor V Leiden (activated protein C resistance)
    • Rosendaal FR, Koster T, Vandenbroucke JP, Reitsma PH. High risk of thrombosis in patients homozygous for factor V Leiden (activated protein C resistance). Blood 1995; 85: 1504-8.
    • (1995) Blood , vol.85 , pp. 1504-1508
    • Rosendaal, F.R.1    Koster, T.2    Vandenbroucke, J.P.3    Reitsma, P.H.4
  • 48
    • 0028810738 scopus 로고
    • World distribution of factor V Leiden
    • Rees DC, Cox M, Clegg JB. World distribution of factor V Leiden. Lancet 1995; 346: 1133-4.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1133-1134
    • Rees, D.C.1    Cox, M.2    Clegg, J.B.3
  • 49
    • 0030955080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic distribution of factor V Leiden in 4047 men and women: Implications for venous thromboembolism screening
    • Ridker PM, Miletich JP, Hennekens CH, Buring JE. Ethnic distribution of factor V Leiden in 4047 men and women: implications for venous thromboembolism screening. JAMA 1997; 277: 1305-7.
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.277 , pp. 1305-1307
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Miletich, J.P.2    Hennekens, C.H.3    Buring, J.E.4
  • 50
    • 0028029477 scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of venous thrombosis in oral contraceptive users who are carriers of factor V Leiden mutation
    • Vandenbroucke JP, Koster T, Briet E, et al. Increased risk of venous thrombosis in oral contraceptive users who are carriers of factor V Leiden mutation. Lancet 1994; 344: 1453-7.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 1453-1457
    • Vandenbroucke, J.P.1    Koster, T.2    Briet, E.3
  • 51
    • 0029162113 scopus 로고
    • Resistance to activated protein C as a basis for venous thromboembolism associated with pregnancy and oral contraceptives
    • Hellgren M, Svenson PJ, Dahlback B. Resistance to activated protein C as a basis for venous thromboembolism associated with pregnancy and oral contraceptives. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 173: 210-13.
    • (1995) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.173 , pp. 210-213
    • Hellgren, M.1    Svenson, P.J.2    Dahlback, B.3
  • 52
    • 0025241268 scopus 로고
    • Deficiencies of coagulation-inhibiting and fibrinolytic proteins in outpatients with deep-vein thrombosis
    • Heijboer H, Brandjes DPM, Büller HR, et al. Deficiencies of coagulation-inhibiting and fibrinolytic proteins in outpatients with deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1512-16.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.323 , pp. 1512-1516
    • Heijboer, H.1    Brandjes, D.P.M.2    Büller, H.R.3
  • 53
    • 0029033740 scopus 로고
    • Protein C deficiency in a controlled series of unselected outpatients: An infrequent but clear risk factor for venous thrombosis (Leiden Thrombophilia Study)
    • Koster T, Rosendaal FR, Briët E, et al. Protein C deficiency in a controlled series of unselected outpatients: an infrequent but clear risk factor for venous thrombosis (Leiden Thrombophilia Study). Blood 1995; 85: 2756-61.
    • (1995) Blood , vol.85 , pp. 2756-2761
    • Koster, T.1    Rosendaal, F.R.2    Briët, E.3
  • 54
    • 0000662461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of venous thromboembolism in families with inherited thrombophilia
    • Simioni P, Sanson BJ, Prandoni, et al. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in families with inherited thrombophilia. Thromb Haemost 1999; 81: 198-202.
    • (1999) Thromb Haemost , vol.81 , pp. 198-202
    • Simioni, P.1    Sanson, B.J.2    Prandoni3
  • 55
    • 0028324624 scopus 로고
    • Thrombotic risk of women with hereditary antithrombin III, protein C and protein S deficiency taking oral contraceptive medication. The GTH Study Group on Natural Inhibitors
    • Pabinger I, Schneider B. Thrombotic risk of women with hereditary antithrombin III, protein C and protein S deficiency taking oral contraceptive medication. The GTH Study Group on Natural Inhibitors. Thromb Haemost 1994; 71: 548-52.
    • (1994) Thromb Haemost , vol.71 , pp. 548-552
    • Pabinger, I.1    Schneider, B.2
  • 56
    • 0026231412 scopus 로고
    • The role of drugs, paticularly oral contraceptives, in triggering thrombosis in congenital defects of coagulation inhibitors: A study of six patients
    • Girolami A, Simioni P, Girolami B, Zanardi S. The role of drugs, paticularly oral contraceptives, in triggering thrombosis in congenital defects of coagulation inhibitors: a study of six patients. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1991; 2: 673-8.
    • (1991) Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis , vol.2 , pp. 673-678
    • Girolami, A.1    Simioni, P.2    Girolami, B.3    Zanardi, S.4
  • 57
    • 0029850530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A common genetic variation in the 3' untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increase in venous thrombosis
    • Poort SR, Rosendaal FR, Reitsma PH, Bertina RM. A common genetic variation in the 3' untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increase in venous thrombosis. Blood 1996; 88: 3698-703.
    • (1996) Blood , vol.88 , pp. 3698-3703
    • Poort, S.R.1    Rosendaal, F.R.2    Reitsma, P.H.3    Bertina, R.M.4
  • 58
    • 0031981017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic distribution of the 20210 G to A prothrombin variant
    • Rosendaal FR, Doggen CJ, Zivelin A, et al. Geographic distribution of the 20210 G to A prothrombin variant. Thromb Haemost 1998; 79: 706-8.
    • (1998) Thromb Haemost , vol.79 , pp. 706-708
    • Rosendaal, F.R.1    Doggen, C.J.2    Zivelin, A.3
  • 59
    • 0032976317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between the G20210A mutation of the prothrombin gene and oral contraceptive use in deep vein thrombosis
    • Martinelli I, Taioli E, Bucciarelli P, et al. Interaction between the G20210A mutation of the prothrombin gene and oral contraceptive use in deep vein thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19: 700-3.
    • (1999) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.19 , pp. 700-703
    • Martinelli, I.1    Taioli, E.2    Bucciarelli, P.3
  • 60
    • 0034627887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher risk of venous thrombosis during early use of oral contraceptives in women with inherited clotting defects
    • Bloemenkamp KWM, Rosendaal FR, Helmerhorst FM, Vandenbroucke JP. Higher risk of venous thrombosis during early use of oral contraceptives in women with inherited clotting defects. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 49-52.
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 49-52
    • Bloemenkamp, K.W.M.1    Rosendaal, F.R.2    Helmerhorst, F.M.3    Vandenbroucke, J.P.4
  • 61
    • 0014431877 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of relation between use of oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease
    • Vessey MP, Doll R. Investigation of relation between use of oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease. BMJ 1968; 2: 199-205.
    • (1968) BMJ , vol.2 , pp. 199-205
    • Vessey, M.P.1    Doll, R.2
  • 62
    • 0028814316 scopus 로고
    • Role of clotting factor VIII in effect of von Willebrand factor on occurrence of deep-vein thrombosis
    • Koster T, Blann AD, Briet E, et al. Role of clotting factor VIII in effect of von Willebrand factor on occurrence of deep-vein thrombosis. Lancet 1995; 345: 152-5.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , pp. 152-155
    • Koster, T.1    Blann, A.D.2    Briet, E.3
  • 64
    • 0014676280 scopus 로고
    • Venous thrombo-embolic disease and ABO blood type. A cooperative study
    • Jick H, Slone D, Westerholm B, et al. Venous thrombo-embolic disease and ABO blood type. A cooperative study. Lancet 1969; 1: 539-42.
    • (1969) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 539-542
    • Jick, H.1    Slone, D.2    Westerholm, B.3
  • 65
    • 0014943683 scopus 로고
    • ABO blood groups and venous thromboembolic disease
    • Talbot S, Wakley EJ, Ryrie D, Langman MJ. ABO blood groups and venous thromboembolic disease. Lancet 1970; 1: 1257-9.
    • (1970) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1257-1259
    • Talbot, S.1    Wakley, E.J.2    Ryrie, D.3    Langman, M.J.4
  • 66
    • 0015244934 scopus 로고
    • Venous thromboembolic disease and ABO blood type
    • Bates M. Venous thromboembolic disease and ABO blood type. Lancet 1971; 1: 239.
    • (1971) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 239
    • Bates, M.1
  • 67
    • 0015525839 scopus 로고
    • A19 A29 B, and O blood groups, Lewis blood groups, and serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in patients with venous thromboembolic disease
    • Talbot S, Wakley EJ, Langman MJ. A19 A29 B, and O blood groups, Lewis blood groups, and serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in patients with venous thromboembolic disease. Lancet 1972; 1: 1152-4.
    • (1972) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1152-1154
    • Talbot, S.1    Wakley, E.J.2    Langman, M.J.3
  • 70
    • 0015231374 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives, venous thromboembolic disease, and ABO blood type
    • Sept 18
    • Westerholm B, Wiechel B, Eklund G. Oral contraceptives, venous thromboembolic disease, and ABO blood type. Lancet 1971; Sept 18: 664.
    • (1971) Lancet , pp. 664
    • Westerholm, B.1    Wiechel, B.2    Eklund, G.3
  • 71
    • 0015242628 scopus 로고
    • ABO blood groups and venous thromboembolism
    • Allan TM. ABO blood groups and venous thromboembolism. Lancet 1971; ii: 1209-10.
    • (1971) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1209-1210
    • Allan, T.M.1
  • 73
    • 9144246972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of deep vein thrombosis: Interaction between oral contraceptives and high factor VIII levels
    • Legnani C, Cini M, Cosmi B, et al. Risk of deep vein thrombosis: interaction between oral contraceptives and high factor VIII levels. Haematologica 2004; 89: 1347-51.
    • (2004) Haematologica , vol.89 , pp. 1347-1351
    • Legnani, C.1    Cini, M.2    Cosmi, B.3
  • 74
    • 85031171169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Academic Thesis, Chapter 10. Venous thrombosis in a monozygotic twin who used oral contraceptives, Leiden, the Netherlands
    • Bloemenkamp KWM. Oral contraceptives, venous thrombosis and the role of coagulation defects. Academic Thesis, Chapter 10. Venous thrombosis in a monozygotic twin who used oral contraceptives, Leiden, the Netherlands, 1999: 151-5; ISBN 90-9013299-6
    • (1999) Oral contraceptives, venous thrombosis and the role of coagulation defects , pp. 151-155
    • Bloemenkamp, K.W.M.1
  • 75
    • 0030756915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of oral contraceptives on haemostasis variables
    • Kluft C, Lansink M. Effect of oral contraceptives on haemostasis variables. Thromb Haemost 1997; 78: 315-26.
    • (1997) Thromb Haemost , vol.78 , pp. 315-326
    • Kluft, C.1    Lansink, M.2
  • 76
    • 0028902902 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity to activated protein C; Influence of oral contraceptives and sex
    • Henkens CMA, Bom VJJ, Seinen AJ, Meer van der J. Sensitivity to activated protein C; Influence of oral contraceptives and sex. Thromb Haemost 1995; 73:402-4.
    • (1995) Thromb Haemost , vol.73 , pp. 402-404
    • Henkens, C.M.A.1    Bom, V.J.J.2    Seinen, A.J.3    Meer van der, J.4
  • 77
  • 78
    • 0028886757 scopus 로고
    • Resistance to activated protein C in healthy women taking oral contraceptives
    • Olivieri O, Friso S, Manzato F, et al. Resistance to activated protein C in healthy women taking oral contraceptives. Br J Haematol 1995; 91: 465-70.
    • (1995) Br J Haematol , vol.91 , pp. 465-470
    • Olivieri, O.1    Friso, S.2    Manzato, F.3
  • 79
    • 0029372160 scopus 로고
    • Thrombotic risk factors and oral contraception
    • Bokarewa MI, Falk G, StenLinder M, et al. Thrombotic risk factors and oral contraception. J Lab Clin Med 1995; 126: 294-8.
    • (1995) J Lab Clin Med , vol.126 , pp. 294-298
    • Bokarewa, M.I.1    Falk, G.2    StenLinder, M.3
  • 80
    • 0030934739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and venous thrombosis; different sensitivities to activated protein C in women using second and third-generation oral contraceptives
    • Rosing J, Tans G, Nicolaes GAF, et al. Oral contraceptives and venous thrombosis; different sensitivities to activated protein C in women using second and third-generation oral contraceptives. Br J Haematol 1997; 97: 233-8.
    • (1997) Br J Haematol , vol.97 , pp. 233-238
    • Rosing, J.1    Tans, G.2    Nicolaes, G.A.F.3
  • 81
    • 0033523388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of levonorgestrel dose in oral contraceptives for effects on coagulation
    • Kluft C, de Maat MPM, Heinemann LAJ, et al. Importance of levonorgestrel dose in oral contraceptives for effects on coagulation. Lancet 1999; 354: 832-3.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 832-833
    • Kluft, C.1    de Maat, M.P.M.2    Heinemann, L.A.J.3
  • 82
    • 0033557951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reduced sensitivity for activated protein C in the absence of factor V Leiden increases the risk of venous thrombosis
    • De Visser MCH, Rosendaal FR, Bertina RM. A reduced sensitivity for activated protein C in the absence of factor V Leiden increases the risk of venous thrombosis. Blood 1999; 93: 1271-6.
    • (1999) Blood , vol.93 , pp. 1271-1276
    • de Visser, M.C.H.1    Rosendaal, F.R.2    Bertina, R.M.3
  • 83
    • 0033586755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activated protein C resistance and factor V Leiden mutation are independent risk factors for venous thromboembolism
    • Rodegheiro F, Tosetto A. Activated protein C resistance and factor V Leiden mutation are independent risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Ann Intern Med 1999; 130: 643-50.
    • (1999) Ann Intern Med , vol.130 , pp. 643-650
    • Rodegheiro, F.1    Tosetto, A.2
  • 84
    • 0042629609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activated protein C resistance determined with a thrombin generation-based test predicts for venous thrombosis in men and women
    • Tans G, van Hylckama Vlieg A, Thomassen MC, et al. Activated protein C resistance determined with a thrombin generation-based test predicts for venous thrombosis in men and women. Br J Haematol 2003; 122: 465-70.
    • (2003) Br J Haematol , vol.122 , pp. 465-470
    • Tans, G.1    van Hylckama Vlieg, A.2    Thomassen, M.C.3
  • 85
    • 13244274930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prothrombotic changes in users of combined oral contraceptives containing drospirenone and cyproterone acetate
    • van Vliet HA, Winkel TA, Noort I, et al. Prothrombotic changes in users of combined oral contraceptives containing drospirenone and cyproterone acetate. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2: 2060-2.
    • (2004) J Thromb Haemost , vol.2 , pp. 2060-2062
    • van Vliet, H.A.1    Winkel, T.A.2    Noort, I.3
  • 86
    • 13244277915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of progestagens on activated protein C (APC) resistance among users of oral contraceptives
    • Alhenc-Gelas M, Plu-Bureau G, Guillonneau S, et al. Impact of progestagens on activated protein C (APC) resistance among users of oral contraceptives. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2: 1594-600.
    • (2004) J Thromb Haemost , vol.2 , pp. 1594-1600
    • Alhenc-Gelas, M.1    Plu-Bureau, G.2    Guillonneau, S.3
  • 87
    • 0031725447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemostatic effects of oral contraceptives in women who developed deep-vein thrombosis while using oral contraceptives
    • Bloemenkamp KWM, Rosendaal FR, Helmerhorst FM, et al. Hemostatic effects of oral contraceptives in women who developed deep-vein thrombosis while using oral contraceptives. Thromb Haemost 1998; 80: 382-7.
    • (1998) Thromb Haemost , vol.80 , pp. 382-387
    • Bloemenkamp, K.W.M.1    Rosendaal, F.R.2    Helmerhorst, F.M.3
  • 88
    • 0025372083 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic aspects of oral contraceptives of relevance for cardiovascular diseases
    • Consensus Development Meeting. Metabolic aspects of oral contraceptives of relevance for cardiovascular diseases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 1335-7.
    • (1990) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.162 , pp. 1335-1337
  • 89
    • 0028342850 scopus 로고
    • Factor VII and fibrinogen levels as risk factors for venous thrombosis. A case-control study of plasma levels and DNA polymorphisms, Leiden Thrombophilia Study
    • Koster T, Rosendaal FR, Reitsma PH, et al. Factor VII and fibrinogen levels as risk factors for venous thrombosis. A case-control study of plasma levels and DNA polymorphisms, Leiden Thrombophilia Study. Thromb Haemost 1994; 71: 719-22.
    • (1994) Thromb Haemost , vol.71 , pp. 719-722
    • Koster, T.1    Rosendaal, F.R.2    Reitsma, P.H.3
  • 91
    • 0015951504 scopus 로고
    • Recurrence of venous thromboembolic disease and use of oral contraceptives
    • Badaracco MA, Vessey MP. Recurrence of venous thromboembolic disease and use of oral contraceptives. Br Med J 1974; 1: 215-17.
    • (1974) Br Med J , vol.1 , pp. 215-217
    • Badaracco, M.A.1    Vessey, M.P.2
  • 92
    • 2942569918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in men and women
    • Kyrle PA, Minar E, Bialonczyk C, et al. The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in men and women. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 2558-63.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.350 , pp. 2558-2563
    • Kyrle, P.A.1    Minar, E.2    Bialonczyk, C.3
  • 94
    • 0029853469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factor V Leiden: Should we screen oral contraceptive users and pregnant women?
    • Vandenbroucke JP, van der Meer FJ, Helmerhorst FM, Rosendaal FR. Factor V Leiden: should we screen oral contraceptive users and pregnant women? BMJ 1996; 313: 1127-30.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.313 , pp. 1127-1130
    • Vandenbroucke, J.P.1    van der Meer, F.J.2    Helmerhorst, F.M.3    Rosendaal, F.R.4
  • 96
    • 0018916728 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptive use in relation to nonfatal myocardial infarction
    • Rosenberg L, Hennekens CH, Rosner B, et al. Oral contraceptive use in relation to nonfatal myocardial infarction. Am J Epidemiol 1980; 111: 59-66.
    • (1980) Am J Epidemiol , vol.111 , pp. 59-66
    • Rosenberg, L.1    Hennekens, C.H.2    Rosner, B.3
  • 97
    • 0026317341 scopus 로고
    • Is oral contraceptive use still associated with an increased risk of fatal myocardial infarction? Report of a case-control study
    • Thorogood M, Mann J, Murphy M, Vessey M. Is oral contraceptive use still associated with an increased risk of fatal myocardial infarction? Report of a case-control study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1991; 98: 1245-53.
    • (1991) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.98 , pp. 1245-1253
    • Thorogood, M.1    Mann, J.2    Murphy, M.3    Vessey, M.4
  • 98
    • 0028301618 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptive use and risk of myocardial infarction: An Italian case-control study
    • D'Avanzo B, La Vecchia C, Negri E, et al. Oral contraceptive use and risk of myocardial infarction: an Italian case-control study. J Epidemiol Community Health 1994; 48: 324-5.
    • (1994) J Epidemiol Community Health , vol.48 , pp. 324-325
    • D'Avanzo, B.1    la Vecchia, C.2    Negri, E.3
  • 99
    • 0030560764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial infarction in users of low-dose oral contraceptives
    • Sidney S, Petitti DB, Quesenberry CP Jr, et al. Myocardial infarction in users of low-dose oral contraceptives. Obstet Gynecol 1996; 88: 939-44.
    • (1996) Obstet Gynecol , vol.88 , pp. 939-944
    • Sidney, S.1    Petitti, D.B.2    Quesenberry, C.P.3
  • 100
    • 19244367470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute myocardial infarction and combined oral contraceptives: Results of an international multicentre case-control study. WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception
    • World Health Organization. Acute myocardial infarction and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international multicentre case-control study. WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Lancet 1997; 349: 1202-9.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 1202-1209
  • 101
    • 0030803217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of oral contraceptives and the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in young women. Results from the Transnational Study on Oral Contraceptives and the Health of Young Women
    • Lewis MA, Heinemann LA, Spitzer WO, et al. The use of oral contraceptives and the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in young women. Results from the Transnational Study on Oral Contraceptives and the Health of Young Women. Contraception 1997; 56: 129-40.
    • (1997) Contraception , vol.56 , pp. 129-140
    • Lewis, M.A.1    Heinemann, L.A.2    Spitzer, W.O.3
  • 103
    • 0024271232 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of past use of oral contraceptive agents and risk of cardiovascular diseases
    • Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Colditz GA, et al. A prospective study of past use of oral contraceptive agents and risk of cardiovascular diseases. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1313-17.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.319 , pp. 1313-1317
    • Stampfer, M.J.1    Willett, W.C.2    Colditz, G.A.3
  • 104
    • 0024967009 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in women
    • Croft P, Hannaford P. Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in women. BMJ 1989; 298: 674.
    • (1989) BMJ , vol.298 , pp. 674
    • Croft, P.1    Hannaford, P.2
  • 105
    • 0030600340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ischaemic stroke and combined oral contraceptives: Results of an international, multicentre, case-control study. WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception
    • World Health Organization. Ischaemic stroke and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study. WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Lancet 1996; 348: 498-505.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 498-505
  • 106
    • 0141928038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The RATIO study: Oral contraceptives and the risk of peripheral arterial disease in young women
    • van den Bosch MAAJ, Kemmeren JM, Tanis BC, et al. The RATIO study: oral contraceptives and the risk of peripheral arterial disease in young women. J Thromb Haemost 2003; 1: 439-44.
    • (2003) J Thromb Haemost , vol.1 , pp. 439-444
    • van den Bosch, M.A.A.J.1    Kemmeren, J.M.2    Tanis, B.C.3
  • 107
    • 0036096015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of Arterial Thrombosis in Relation to Oral Contraceptives (RATIO) study: Oral contraceptives and the risk of ischemic stroke
    • Kemmeren JM, Tanis BC, van den Bosch MA, et al. Risk of Arterial Thrombosis in Relation to Oral Contraceptives (RATIO) study: oral contraceptives and the risk of ischemic stroke. Stroke 2002; 33: 1202-8.
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , pp. 1202-1208
    • Kemmeren, J.M.1    Tanis, B.C.2    van den Bosch, M.A.3
  • 108
    • 0035924777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and the risk of myocardial infarction
    • Tanis BC, van den Bosch MA, Kemmeren JM, et al. Oral contraceptives and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1787-93.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 1787-1793
    • Tanis, B.C.1    van den Bosch, M.A.2    Kemmeren, J.M.3
  • 109
    • 0002468758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of progestins. 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives and progestins of the first and second generation
    • Sitruk-Ware R, Mishell DR, eds New York: Marcel Dekker
    • Henzl MR, Edwards JA. Pharmacology of progestins. 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives and progestins of the first and second generation. In: Sitruk-Ware R, Mishell DR, eds. Progestins and Antiprogestins in Clinical Practice. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2000: 101-32.
    • (2000) Progestins and Antiprogestins in Clinical Practice , pp. 101-132
    • Henzl, M.R.1    Edwards, J.A.2
  • 110
    • 0025201663 scopus 로고
    • The effects of different formulations of oral contraceptive agents on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism
    • Godsland IF, Crook D, Simpson R, et al. The effects of different formulations of oral contraceptive agents on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1375-81.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.323 , pp. 1375-1381
    • Godsland, I.F.1    Crook, D.2    Simpson, R.3
  • 111
    • 0030025822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of acute myocardial infarction and low-dose combined oral contraceptives
    • Jick H, Jick S, Myers MW, Vasilakis C. Risk of acute myocardial infarction and low-dose combined oral contraceptives. Lancet 1996; 347: 627-8.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 627-628
    • Jick, H.1    Jick, S.2    Myers, M.W.3    Vasilakis, C.4
  • 112
    • 0033549327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and myocardial infarction: Results of the MICA case-control study
    • Dunn N, Thorogood M, Faragher B, et al. Oral contraceptives and myocardial infarction: results of the MICA case-control study. BMJ 1999; 318: 1579-84.
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.318 , pp. 1579-1584
    • Dunn, N.1    Thorogood, M.2    Faragher, B.3
  • 114
    • 0025005174 scopus 로고
    • Effects of three combined oral contraceptive preparations containing desogestrel plus ethinyl estradiol on lipid metabolism in comparison with two levonorgestrel preparations
    • Kloosterboer HJ, Rekers H. Effects of three combined oral contraceptive preparations containing desogestrel plus ethinyl estradiol on lipid metabolism in comparison with two levonorgestrel preparations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 163: 370-3.
    • (1990) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.163 , pp. 370-373
    • Kloosterboer, H.J.1    Rekers, H.2
  • 115
    • 0025234579 scopus 로고
    • Changes in lipid metabolism during 12 months of treatment with two oral contraceptives containing 30 micrograms ethinylestradiol and 75 micrograms gestodene or 150 micrograms desogestrel
    • Marz W, Jung-Hoffmann C, Heidt F, et al. Changes in lipid metabolism during 12 months of treatment with two oral contraceptives containing 30 micrograms ethinylestradiol and 75 micrograms gestodene or 150 micrograms desogestrel. Contraception 1990; 41: 245-58.
    • (1990) Contraception , vol.41 , pp. 245-258
    • Marz, W.1    Jung-Hoffmann, C.2    Heidt, F.3
  • 116
    • 85124447580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thesis, B C Tanis. Arterial thrombosis in young women: role of oral contraceptives and coagulation factors. Thesis Leiden
    • Tanis BC. Lipid levels after long term use of second and third generation oral contraceptives. Thesis, B C Tanis. Arterial thrombosis in young women: role of oral contraceptives and coagulation factors. Thesis Leiden 2003. ISBN: 90-9017251-3.
    • (2003) Lipid levels after long term use of second and third generation oral contraceptives
    • Tanis, B.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.