A note on forced versus internal variability of the stratosphere

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 34, Issue 12, 2007, Pages

  Hardiman, Steven C ^a   Butchart, Neal ^b   Haynes, Peter H ^a   Hare, Sylvia H E ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b MET OFFICE   (United Kingdom)

^c OPEN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS; INTEGRATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; TROPICS; TROPOSPHERE; UPPER ATMOSPHERE;

GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; INTERNAL VARIABILITY; SEASONAL VARIATION; STRATOSPHERIC CIRCULATION;

CLIMATE CHANGE;

ANNUAL VARIATION; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; STRATOSPHERE; ZONAL WIND;

EID: 38849182232     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2007GL029726     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Butchart, N., J. Austin, J. R. Knight, A. A. Scaife, and M. L. Gallani (2000), The response of the stratospheric climate to projected changes in the concentrations of well-mixed greenhouse gases from 1992 to 2051, J. Clim., 13, 2142-2159.
2. Butchart, N., et al. (2006), Simulations of anthropogenic change in the strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation, Clim. Dyn., 27, 727-741, doi:10.1007/s00382-006-0162-4.
3. Christiansen, B. (2000), Chaos, quasiperiodicity and interannual variability: Studies of a stratospheric vacillation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3161-3173.
4. Christiansen, B. (2001), Downward propogation of zonal mean zonal wind anomalies from the stratosphere to the troposphere: Model and reanalysis, J. Geopbys. Res., 106(D21), 27,307-27,322.
5. 2 doubling: Results from the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model, J. Clim., 20, 1121-1144.
6. García-Herrera, R., N. Calvo, R. R. Garcia, and M. A. Giorgetta (2006), Propagation of ENSO temperature signals into the middle atmosphere: A comparison of two general circulation models and ERA-40 reanalysis data, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D06101, doi:10.1029/ 2005JD006061.
7. Gillett, N. P., and D. W. J. Thompson (2003), Simulation of recent Southern Hemisphere climate change, Science, 302, 273-275, doi:10.1126/science.1087440.
8. Haigh, J. D. (2003), The effects of solar variability on the Earth's climate, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Ser. A, 361(1802), 95-111, doi:10.1098/rsta.2002.1111.
9. Hare, S. H. E., L. J. Gray, W. A. Lahoz, A. O'Neill, and L. Steenman-Clark (2004), Can stratospheric temperature trends be attributed to ozone depletion?, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D05111, doi:10.1029/2003JD003897.
10. Haynes, P. H., C. J. Marks, M. E. McIntyre, T. G. Shepherd, and K. P. Shine (1991), On the "downward control" of extratropical diabatic circulations by eddy-induced mean zonal forces, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 651-678.
11. Holton, J. R., P. H. Haynes, M. E. McIntyre, A. R. Douglass, R. B. Rood, and L. Pfister (1995), Stratosphere-troposphere exchange, Rev. Geophys., 33(4), 403-440.
12. Manzini, E., M. A. Giorgetta, M. Esch, L. Kornblueh, and E. Roeckner (2006), The influence of sea surface temperatures on the Northern winter stratosphere: Ensemble simulations with the MAECHAM5 model, J. Clim., 19, 3863-3881.
13. Randel, W. J., R. R. Garcia, and F. Wu (2002), Time-dependent upwelling in the tropical lower stratosphere estimated from the zonal-mean momentum budget, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2141-2152.
14. Randel, W. J., F. Wu, H. Vömel, G. E. Nedoluha, and P. Forster (2006), Decreases in stratospheric water vapor after 2001: Links to changes in the tropical tropopause and the Brewer-Dobson circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12312, doi:10.1029/2005JD006744.
15. Rosenlof, K. H. (1995), Seasonal cycle of the residual mean meridional circulation in the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100(D3), 5173-5192.
16. Sassi, F., D. Kinnison, B. A. Boville, R. R. Garcia, and R. Roble (2004), Effect of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on the dynamical, thermal, and chemical structure of the middle atmosphere, J. Geaphys. Res., 109, D17108, doi:10.1029/2003JD004434.
17. Scaife, A. A., N. Butchart, C. D. Warner, D. Stainforth, W. Norton, and J. Austin (2000), Realistic Quasi-Biennial Oscillations in a simulation of the global climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(1), 3481-3484.
18. Scott, R. K., and P. H. Haynes (1998), Internal interannual variability of the extratropical stratospheric circulation: The low-latitude flywheel, Q. J R. Meteorol. Soc., 124, 2149-2173.
19. Thompson, D. W. J., and S. Solomon (2002), Interpretation of recent Southern Hemisphere climate change, Science, 296, 895-899, doi:10.1126/science.1069270.
20. Yulaeva, E., and J. M. Wallace (1994), The signature of ENSO in global temperature and precipitation fields derived from the Microwave Sounding Unit, J. Clim., 7, 1719-1736.