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Volumn 319, Issue 5863, 2008, Pages 582-587

Insights into phases of liquid water from study of its unusual glass-forming properties

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLASS; WATER;

EID: 38849174857     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: 10959203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1131939     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (490)

References (97)
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    • A phase transition is a singularity, an event that totally separates the substance on one side of the transition from the substance on the other side. For a pure substance, this happens in a reversible manner. For instance, in the case of melting at constant pressure, once the pressure is fixed there is only one temperature at which the two phases, liquid and crystal, can coexist. At any other temperature, it is one or the other of the two - an all-or-nothing situation.
    • A "phase transition" is a "singularity," an event that totally separates the substance on one side of the transition from the substance on the other side. For a pure substance, this happens in a reversible manner. For instance, in the case of melting at constant pressure, once the pressure is fixed there is only one temperature at which the two phases, liquid and crystal, can coexist. At any other temperature, it is one or the other of the two - an "all-or-nothing" situation.
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    • A highly analogous behavior has recently been observed for the element germanium, which shares with water an open tetrahedral crystal ground state and an increase in density upon fusion. It can be obtained in the amorphous form by different methods, vapor deposition, electrodeposition, and quenching of flame-formed droplets, and these forms are apparently identical. It has recently been shown (95) that a dense glassy form, obtained by quenching the high-pressure metallic liquid, undergoes a polyamorphic phase change, during pressure decrease at ambient temperature, to yield a glass that is essentially the same as that formed at low pressure, although with small displacements in the structure factor S(q) peak positions.
    • A highly analogous behavior has recently been observed for the element germanium, which shares with water an open tetrahedral crystal ground state and an increase in density upon fusion. It can be obtained in the amorphous form by different methods, vapor deposition, electrodeposition, and quenching of flame-formed droplets, and these forms are apparently identical. It has recently been shown (95) that a dense glassy form, obtained by quenching the high-pressure metallic liquid, undergoes a polyamorphic phase change, during pressure decrease at ambient temperature, to yield a glass that is essentially the same as that formed at low pressure, although with small displacements in the structure factor S(q) peak positions.
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    • Turnbull lecture, February, arxiv.org/abs/0712.4233
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    • Supported by the NSF under Solid State Sciences grant DMR 0454672 and Chemical Sciences grant 0404714. I thank V. Molinero and P. G. Debenedetti for important critical comments on earlier versions of this manuscript, and H. E. Stanley, S. Buldyrev, F. Sciortino, C. T. Moynihan, and D. V. Matyushov for helpful discussions.
    • Supported by the NSF under Solid State Sciences grant DMR 0454672 and Chemical Sciences grant 0404714. I thank V. Molinero and P. G. Debenedetti for important critical comments on earlier versions of this manuscript, and H. E. Stanley, S. Buldyrev, F. Sciortino, C. T. Moynihan, and D. V. Matyushov for helpful discussions.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.