Heterogeneous catalysis for fine chemicals in dense phase carbon dioxide

Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis

Volumn 350, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 221-226

  Ciriminna, Rosaria ^a   Carraro, Massimo L ^b   Campestrini, Sandro ^b   Pagliaro, Mario ^a,c  

^a CNR   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^c Institute for Scientific Methodology   (Italy)

Author keywords

Carbon dioxide; Continuous flow processes; Fine chemicals; Heterogeneous catalysis; Supercritical fluids

Indexed keywords

EID: 38849163608     PISSN: 16154150     EISSN: 15213897     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700255     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. E. J. Beckman, Inverse Emulsion Polymerization in Carbon Dioxide, in: Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Polymer Reaction Engineering, (Eds.: M. F. Kemmere. T. Meyer), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2006.
2. 2 is a Lewis acid). This simple heuristic model was demonstrated on three sets of materials: functional silicones; poly(ether-carbonates): and acetate-functional polyethers: T. Sarbu, T. Styranec. E. J. Beckman Nature 2000, 405,165.
3. For a thorough account on the topic describing validated procedures and reviews on classes of catalysts, sec: Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis, 5-volume set, (Eds.: S. M. Roberts, J. Whitthall), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2007.
4. For example, the organosilica catalyst SiliaCatTEMPO entrapping the nitroxyl radical moiety of TEMPO is successfully sold to industrial customers by SiliCycle Inc: A. Michaud, G. Gingras, M. Morin, F. Béland, R. Ciriminna, D. Avnir, M. Pagliaro, Org. Process Res. Dev. 2007, 11, 766.
5. C. M. Rayner, Org. Process Res. Dev. 2007, 11, 121.
6. J. De Simone, Science 2002, 297, 799.
7. J. H. Clark, S. J. Tavener, Org. Process Res. Dev. 2007, 11, 149.
8. D. J. Cole-Hamilton, Science 2003, 299, 1702.
9. M. S. Schneider, In situ Phase Behaviour and Infrared Studies of Catalytic Reactions in "Supercritical" Fluids, Ph.D. Thesis, ETH, Zurich, 2004, available at the URL : http ://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/ ecol-pool/diss/fulltext/eth15424.pdf
10. M. Caravati, J.-D. Grunwaldt, A. Baiker, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2005, 7, 278.
11. Since 2002, the company operates a 1,000 t/year multi-purpose reactor in which it carries out most of the industrial production processes described in this report.
12. R. Clarke, Supercritical Fluid Technology - Chemistry Developed by Thomas Swan & Co. Ltd., Presentation given in Assotec, Milan, May 18, 2005.
13. M. Poliakoff, T. M. Swan, T. Tacke, M. G. Hitzler, S. K. Ross, S. Wieland, Supercritical Hydrogenation, World Patent WO/1997/038955, 1997.
14. P. Licence, J. Ke, M. Sokolova, S. K. Ross, M. Poliakoff, Green Chem. 2003, 5, 99.
15. J. Kobayashi, Y. Mori, S. Kobayashi, Chem. Commun. 2005, 2567.
16. B. Ahmed-Omer, J. C. Brandt, T. Wirth, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 733.
17. R. A. Bourne, J. G. Stevens, J. Ke, M. Poliakoff, Chem. Commun. 2007, 4632.
18. A. C. Frisch, P. B. Webb, G. Zhao, M. J. Muldoon, P. J. Pogorzelec, D. Cole-Hamilton. Dalton Trans. DOI: 10.1039/b712683b.
19. T. M. Swan, K. S. Ross, M. Poliakoff, M. G. Hitzler, F. R. Smail, T. Tacke, S. Wieland, Alkylation and Acylation Reactions, World Patent WO/1998/015509, 1998.
20. R. Amandi, J. R. Hyde, S. K. Ross, T. J. Lotz, M. Poliakoff. Green Chem. 2005, 7, 288.
21. Personal information to the authors from Prof. M. Poliakoff. The process is described in : P. Licence, W. K. Gray, M. Sokolova, M. Poliakoff, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 293.
22. S. Campestrini, M. Carraro, R. Ciriminna, M. Pagliaro, U. Tonellato, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2005, 347, 825.
23. R. Ciriminna, S. Campestrini, M. Pagliaro, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2006, 4, 2637.
24. R. Ciriminna, P. Hesemann, J. Moreau. M. Carraro, S. Campestrini, M. Pagliaro, Chem. Eur. J. 2006, 12, 5220.
25. Z. Hou, N. Theyssen, W. Leitner, Green Chem. 2007, 9, 127.
26. 2 allows the fragrance compounds to be extracted without extensive damage or denaturing, which will alter their odor. See also, M. Mukhopadhyay, Natural Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2000.
27. 2 the active ingredients from a variagated plant kingdom.
28. C. V. Rode, M. V. Sonar, J. M. Nadgeri, R. V. Chaudhari, Org. Process Res. Dev. 2004, 8, 873.
29. Dr. R. Clarke (Thomas Swan Ltd.), personal communication; see also the recent account: S. K. Ritter, Chem. Eng. News 2007, 85 (47), 49.