메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 66, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 132-144

Do in-vehicle advanced signs enhance older and younger drivers' intersection performance? Driving simulation and eye movement results

Author keywords

Driving simulation; Eye movements; In vehicle signs; Intersection performance; Older and younger drivers

Indexed keywords

AUTOMOBILE DRIVERS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EYE MOVEMENTS; INFORMATION SYSTEMS; SPEED;

EID: 38749131555     PISSN: 10715819     EISSN: 10959300     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.07.006     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (82)

References (73)
  • 2
    • 38749108328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applied Sciences Laboratory, Author, Bedford, MA
    • Applied Sciences Laboratory. Eyenal Manual (v. 1.59) (2001), Author, Bedford, MA
    • (2001) Eyenal Manual (v. 1.59)
  • 3
    • 0003740088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barfield W., and Dingus T.A. (Eds), Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
    • In: Barfield W., and Dingus T.A. (Eds). Human Factors in Intelligent Transportation Systems (1998), Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
    • (1998) Human Factors in Intelligent Transportation Systems
  • 4
    • 67949105360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and older drivers' safety and mobility
    • National Academy of Sciences, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC
    • Caird J.K. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and older drivers' safety and mobility. Transportation in an Aging Society: A Decade of Experience (2004), National Academy of Sciences, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC
    • (2004) Transportation in an Aging Society: A Decade of Experience
    • Caird, J.K.1
  • 5
    • 0037749354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left turn and gap acceptance accidents
    • Dewar R.E., and Olson R. (Eds), Lawyers & Judges Publishing, Tucson, AZ
    • Caird J.K., and Hancock P.A. Left turn and gap acceptance accidents. In: Dewar R.E., and Olson R. (Eds). Human Factors in Traffic Safety (2002), Lawyers & Judges Publishing, Tucson, AZ 591-630
    • (2002) Human Factors in Traffic Safety , pp. 591-630
    • Caird, J.K.1    Hancock, P.A.2
  • 6
    • 0035727384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of conformal and non-conformal vision enhancement systems on older driver performance
    • Caird J.K., Horrey W.J., and Edwards C.J. Effects of conformal and non-conformal vision enhancement systems on older driver performance. Transportation Research Record 1759 (2001) 38-45
    • (2001) Transportation Research Record , vol.1759 , pp. 38-45
    • Caird, J.K.1    Horrey, W.J.2    Edwards, C.J.3
  • 7
    • 38749134346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caird, J.K., Chisholm, S., Lockhart, J., Vacha, N., Creaser, J.I., Edwards, C., Hatch, K., 2006. In-Vehicle Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Countermeasures to Improve Older Driver Intersection Performance (Tech. Rep. No. TP 14610 E). Transportation Development Centre, Transport Canada.
    • Caird, J.K., Chisholm, S., Lockhart, J., Vacha, N., Creaser, J.I., Edwards, C., Hatch, K., 2006. In-Vehicle Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Countermeasures to Improve Older Driver Intersection Performance (Tech. Rep. No. TP 14610 E). Transportation Development Centre, Transport Canada.
  • 8
    • 26944502769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Older driver failures of attention at intersections: Using change blindness methods to assess turn decision accuracy
    • Caird J.K., Edwards C.J., Creaser J.I., and Horrey W.J. Older driver failures of attention at intersections: Using change blindness methods to assess turn decision accuracy. Human Factors 47 2 (2005) 235-249
    • (2005) Human Factors , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 235-249
    • Caird, J.K.1    Edwards, C.J.2    Creaser, J.I.3    Horrey, W.J.4
  • 9
    • 38749100804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Campbell, J.L., 2004. In-Vehicle Display Icons and Other Information Elements: Vol. 2. Final report (Rep. No. FHWA-HRT-03-063). Federal Highway Administration, McLean, Virginia.
    • Campbell, J.L., 2004. In-Vehicle Display Icons and Other Information Elements: Vol. 2. Final report (Rep. No. FHWA-HRT-03-063). Federal Highway Administration, McLean, Virginia.
  • 10
    • 38749154913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambell, J.L., Carney, C., Kantowitz, B.H., 1998. Human Factors Design Guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) (Rep. No. FHWA-RD-98-057). Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA.
    • Cambell, J.L., Carney, C., Kantowitz, B.H., 1998. Human Factors Design Guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) (Rep. No. FHWA-RD-98-057). Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA.
  • 11
    • 38749113187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carney, C., Cambell, J.L., Mitchell, E.A., 1998. In-Vehicle Display Icons and Other Information Elements: Literature Review (Rep. No. FHWA-RD-98-164). Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA.
    • Carney, C., Cambell, J.L., Mitchell, E.A., 1998. In-Vehicle Display Icons and Other Information Elements: Literature Review (Rep. No. FHWA-RD-98-164). Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA.
  • 12
    • 19744380477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between distraction and driving performance: towards a regime for in-vehicle information systems
    • Carsten O., and Brookhuis K. The relationship between distraction and driving performance: towards a regime for in-vehicle information systems. Transportation Research, Part F 8 (2005) 75-77
    • (2005) Transportation Research, Part F , vol.8 , pp. 75-77
    • Carsten, O.1    Brookhuis, K.2
  • 14
    • 0033752915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vision standards for driving in Canada and the United States. A review for the Canadian Ophthalmological Society
    • Casson E.J., and Recette L. Vision standards for driving in Canada and the United States. A review for the Canadian Ophthalmological Society. Canadian Journal Ophthalmology 35 (2000) 192-203
    • (2000) Canadian Journal Ophthalmology , vol.35 , pp. 192-203
    • Casson, E.J.1    Recette, L.2
  • 17
    • 0020097986 scopus 로고
    • The effects of roadway environment and fatigue on sign perception
    • Drory A., and Shinar D. The effects of roadway environment and fatigue on sign perception. Journal of Safety Research 13 (1982) 25-32
    • (1982) Journal of Safety Research , vol.13 , pp. 25-32
    • Drory, A.1    Shinar, D.2
  • 18
    • 38749101189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, 2001. Report of an independent expert group on the expansion of the principles of safe and efficient in-vehicle information and communication systems (2000/53/EC). European Union, Brussels, Belgium.
    • European Commission, 2001. Report of an independent expert group on the expansion of the principles of safe and efficient in-vehicle information and communication systems (2000/53/EC). European Union, Brussels, Belgium.
  • 19
    • 17744373349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science Serving Society, Bloomington, Hills
    • Evans L. Traffic Safety (2004), Science Serving Society, Bloomington, Hills
    • (2004) Traffic Safety
    • Evans, L.1
  • 20
    • 38749109076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal Highway Administration. http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/. Accessed April 1, 2003.
    • Federal Highway Administration. http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/. Accessed April 1, 2003.
  • 21
    • 38749098900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ferlis, R.A., 2002. Analysis of infrastructure collision avoidance concept for straight crossing path crashes at signalized intersections (No. 02-3798). Eighty First Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board [CD-ROM]. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board.
    • Ferlis, R.A., 2002. Analysis of infrastructure collision avoidance concept for straight crossing path crashes at signalized intersections (No. 02-3798). Eighty First Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board [CD-ROM]. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board.
  • 22
    • 38749088160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gish, K.W., Staplin, L., 1995. Human Factors Aspects of Using Head-Up Displays in Automobiles: A Review of the Literature (Interim Rep. DOT HS 808 320). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC.
    • Gish, K.W., Staplin, L., 1995. Human Factors Aspects of Using Head-Up Displays in Automobiles: A Review of the Literature (Interim Rep. DOT HS 808 320). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC.
  • 23
    • 38749130301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gish, K.W., Staplin, L., Stewart, J., Perel, M., 1999. Sensory and Cognitive Factors Affecting Automotive Head-Up Display Effectiveness. Preprint papers from the 78th Annual Meeting Transportation Research Board [CD-ROM]. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
    • Gish, K.W., Staplin, L., Stewart, J., Perel, M., 1999. Sensory and Cognitive Factors Affecting Automotive Head-Up Display Effectiveness. Preprint papers from the 78th Annual Meeting Transportation Research Board [CD-ROM]. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
  • 24
    • 38749139079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Green, P., 1995a. Measures and Methods Used to Assess the Safety of Usability of Driver Information Systems (FHWA-RD-94-088). Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA.
    • Green, P., 1995a. Measures and Methods Used to Assess the Safety of Usability of Driver Information Systems (FHWA-RD-94-088). Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA.
  • 25
    • 38749096482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Green, P., 1995b. Suggested Procedures and Acceptance Limits for Assessing the Safety and Ease of Use of Driver Information Systems (Rep. No. FHWA-RD-94-089). Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA.
    • Green, P., 1995b. Suggested Procedures and Acceptance Limits for Assessing the Safety and Ease of Use of Driver Information Systems (Rep. No. FHWA-RD-94-089). Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA.
  • 26
    • 38749118860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Green, P., 1999. Visual Task Demands of Driver Information Systems (Tech. Rep. No. UMTRI-98-16). The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI.
    • Green, P., 1999. Visual Task Demands of Driver Information Systems (Tech. Rep. No. UMTRI-98-16). The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI.
  • 27
    • 38749093172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Green, P., 2001. Synopsis of Driver Interface Standards and Guidelines for Telematics as of Mid-2001 (Tech. Rep. UMTRI-2001-23). UMTRI, Ann Arbor, MI.
    • Green, P., 2001. Synopsis of Driver Interface Standards and Guidelines for Telematics as of Mid-2001 (Tech. Rep. UMTRI-2001-23). UMTRI, Ann Arbor, MI.
  • 28
    • 33646353046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where do drivers look while driving (and for how long)?
    • Dewar R.E., and Olson R. (Eds), Lawyers & Judges Publishing, Tucson, AZ
    • Green P. Where do drivers look while driving (and for how long)?. In: Dewar R.E., and Olson R. (Eds). Human Factors in Traffic Safety (2002), Lawyers & Judges Publishing, Tucson, AZ 77-110
    • (2002) Human Factors in Traffic Safety , pp. 77-110
    • Green, P.1
  • 30
    • 38749142389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hauer, E., 1988. The Safety of Older Persons at Intersections. In Special Report 218: Transportation in an Aging Society (Vol. 2, pp. 195-252), Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC.
    • Hauer, E., 1988. The Safety of Older Persons at Intersections. In Special Report 218: Transportation in an Aging Society (Vol. 2, pp. 195-252), Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC.
  • 31
    • 0034799875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traffic sign conspicuity: the effects of clutter, luminance, and age
    • Ho G., Scialfa C.T., Caird J.K., and Graw T. Traffic sign conspicuity: the effects of clutter, luminance, and age. Human Factors 43 2 (2001) 194-207
    • (2001) Human Factors , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 194-207
    • Ho, G.1    Scialfa, C.T.2    Caird, J.K.3    Graw, T.4
  • 35
    • 0032065423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Older drivers fail in intersections: speed discrepancies between older and younger male drivers
    • Keskinen E., Ota H., and Katila A. Older drivers fail in intersections: speed discrepancies between older and younger male drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention 30 3 (1998) 323-330
    • (1998) Accident Analysis and Prevention , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 323-330
    • Keskinen, E.1    Ota, H.2    Katila, A.3
  • 36
    • 38749093957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kiefer, R., 1991. Effect of a Head-Up Versus Head-Down Digital Speedomoter on Visual Sampling Behavior and Speed Control Performing During Daytime Automobile Driving. SAE Technical Paper No. 910111. Society of Automotive Engineers, New York.
    • Kiefer, R., 1991. Effect of a Head-Up Versus Head-Down Digital Speedomoter on Visual Sampling Behavior and Speed Control Performing During Daytime Automobile Driving. SAE Technical Paper No. 910111. Society of Automotive Engineers, New York.
  • 37
    • 38749088889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The aging eye and transport signs
    • Castro C., and Horberry T. (Eds), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
    • Kline D.W., and Dewar R.E. The aging eye and transport signs. In: Castro C., and Horberry T. (Eds). The Human Factors of Transport Signs (2004), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 115-134
    • (2004) The Human Factors of Transport Signs , pp. 115-134
    • Kline, D.W.1    Dewar, R.E.2
  • 38
    • 38749083657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kline, D.W., Caird, J.K., Ho, G., Dewar, R.E., 2002. Analytic Study to Assess the Visual Deficits of Aging Drivers and the Legibility of on-Board Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Displays. Ottawa, Canada, Transport Canada.
    • Kline, D.W., Caird, J.K., Ho, G., Dewar, R.E., 2002. Analytic Study to Assess the Visual Deficits of Aging Drivers and the Legibility of on-Board Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Displays. Ottawa, Canada, Transport Canada.
  • 39
    • 38749119624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lee, J.D., Carney, C., Casey, S.M., Cambell, J.L., 1999a. In-Vehicle Display Icons and Other Information Elements: Preliminary Assessment of Visual Symbols (Rep. No. FHWA-RD-99-196). Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA.
    • Lee, J.D., Carney, C., Casey, S.M., Cambell, J.L., 1999a. In-Vehicle Display Icons and Other Information Elements: Preliminary Assessment of Visual Symbols (Rep. No. FHWA-RD-99-196). Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA.
  • 40
    • 0000616676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Display alternatives for in-vehicle warning and sign information: message style, location and modality
    • Lee J.D., Gore B.F., and Campbell J.L. Display alternatives for in-vehicle warning and sign information: message style, location and modality. Transportation Human Factors 1 4 (1999) 347-375
    • (1999) Transportation Human Factors , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 347-375
    • Lee, J.D.1    Gore, B.F.2    Campbell, J.L.3
  • 41
    • 38749106805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Luoma, J., Rämä, P., 2002. Acceptance of traffic sign information provided by an in-vehicle terminal. In: Proceedings of the Ninth World Congress on Intelligent Transportation Systems. Chicago, Illinois.
    • Luoma, J., Rämä, P., 2002. Acceptance of traffic sign information provided by an in-vehicle terminal. In: Proceedings of the Ninth World Congress on Intelligent Transportation Systems. Chicago, Illinois.
  • 42
    • 0026163856 scopus 로고
    • Drivers' awareness of traffic sign information
    • MacDonald W.A., and Hoffman E.R. Drivers' awareness of traffic sign information. Ergonomics 34 5 (1991) 585-612
    • (1991) Ergonomics , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 585-612
    • MacDonald, W.A.1    Hoffman, E.R.2
  • 43
    • 0032914343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eye movements of younger and older drivers
    • Maltz M., and Shinar D. Eye movements of younger and older drivers. Human Factors 41 1 (1999) 15-25
    • (1999) Human Factors , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-25
    • Maltz, M.1    Shinar, D.2
  • 44
    • 0033128760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of traffic crashes among young, middle-aged, and older drivers
    • McGwin Jr. G., and Brown D.B. Characteristics of traffic crashes among young, middle-aged, and older drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention 31 (1999) 181-198
    • (1999) Accident Analysis and Prevention , vol.31 , pp. 181-198
    • McGwin Jr., G.1    Brown, D.B.2
  • 46
    • 38749121567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nakata, A., Campbell, J.L., Richman, J.B., 2002. Driver acceptance of general vs. specific icons for in-vehicle information. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 46th Annual Meeting (1799-1803). HFES, Santa Monica, CA.
    • Nakata, A., Campbell, J.L., Richman, J.B., 2002. Driver acceptance of general vs. specific icons for in-vehicle information. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 46th Annual Meeting (1799-1803). HFES, Santa Monica, CA.
  • 51
    • 0029334043 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study advance warning signs at high-speed intersections
    • Pant P.D., and Xie Y. Comparative study advance warning signs at high-speed intersections. Transportation Research Record 1595 (1995) 28-35
    • (1995) Transportation Research Record , vol.1595 , pp. 28-35
    • Pant, P.D.1    Xie, Y.2
  • 55
    • 0041829165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental workload while driving: Effects on visual search, discrimination, and decision making
    • Recarte M.A., and Nunes L.M. Mental workload while driving: Effects on visual search, discrimination, and decision making. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 9 2 (2000) 119-137
    • (2000) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 119-137
    • Recarte, M.A.1    Nunes, L.M.2
  • 56
    • 0041829165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental workload while driving: Effects on visual search, discrimination, and decision making
    • Recarte M.A., and Nunes L.M. Mental workload while driving: Effects on visual search, discrimination, and decision making. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 9 2 (2003) 119-137
    • (2003) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 119-137
    • Recarte, M.A.1    Nunes, L.M.2
  • 57
    • 33747408729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A sign of the future I & II: Intelligent transport systems & human factors
    • Castro C., and Horberry T. (Eds), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
    • Regan M.A. A sign of the future I & II: Intelligent transport systems & human factors. In: Castro C., and Horberry T. (Eds). The Human Factors of Transport Signs (2004), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 213-238
    • (2004) The Human Factors of Transport Signs , pp. 213-238
    • Regan, M.A.1
  • 58
  • 61
    • 38749144217 scopus 로고
    • Safety and human factors in IVHS
    • Sheridan T.B. Safety and human factors in IVHS. IVHS Review (1993) 25-34
    • (1993) IVHS Review , pp. 25-34
    • Sheridan, T.B.1
  • 62
    • 0026238003 scopus 로고
    • A cognitive engineering approach to improving signalized left-turn intersections
    • Staplin L., and Fisk A.D. A cognitive engineering approach to improving signalized left-turn intersections. Human Factors 33 (1991) 559-572
    • (1991) Human Factors , vol.33 , pp. 559-572
    • Staplin, L.1    Fisk, A.D.2
  • 63
    • 0002272230 scopus 로고
    • Age differences in motion perception and specific traffic maneuver problems
    • Staplin L., and Lyles R.W. Age differences in motion perception and specific traffic maneuver problems. Transportation Research Record 1325 (1991) 23-33
    • (1991) Transportation Research Record , vol.1325 , pp. 23-33
    • Staplin, L.1    Lyles, R.W.2
  • 64
    • 38749104927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staplin, L., Lococo, K., Byington, S., 1998. Older driver design handbook (Rep. No. FHWA-RD-97-135). McLean, VA: FHWA. http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/older/rec/index_m.html. Accessed July 28, 2004.
    • Staplin, L., Lococo, K., Byington, S., 1998. Older driver design handbook (Rep. No. FHWA-RD-97-135). McLean, VA: FHWA. http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/older/rec/index_m.html. Accessed July 28, 2004.
  • 65
    • 38749146129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stevens, A., 2003. Occlusion as a technique for measuring In-Vehicle Information System (IVIS) visual distraction: A research literature review (Unpublished Rep.) Transportation Research Laboratory.
    • Stevens, A., 2003. Occlusion as a technique for measuring In-Vehicle Information System (IVIS) visual distraction: A research literature review (Unpublished Rep.) Transportation Research Laboratory.
  • 66
    • 38749126612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stevens, A., Board, A., Allen, P., Quimby, A. 1999. A Safety Checklist for the Assessment of In-Vehicle Information Systems: A Users Manual (TRL Rep. PA 3536/99). Transport Research Laboratory.
    • Stevens, A., Board, A., Allen, P., Quimby, A. 1999. A Safety Checklist for the Assessment of In-Vehicle Information Systems: A Users Manual (TRL Rep. PA 3536/99). Transport Research Laboratory.
  • 68
    • 0039209250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual search at intersections: an eye movement analysis
    • Gale A.G., et al. (Ed), Elsevier Science, Amsterdam
    • Theewes J. Visual search at intersections: an eye movement analysis. In: Gale A.G., et al. (Ed). Vision and Vehicles V (1996), Elsevier Science, Amsterdam 125-134
    • (1996) Vision and Vehicles V , pp. 125-134
    • Theewes, J.1
  • 69
    • 0031171737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automotive HUDs: the overlooked safety issues
    • Tufano D.R. Automotive HUDs: the overlooked safety issues. Human Factors 39 2 (1997) 303-311
    • (1997) Human Factors , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 303-311
    • Tufano, D.R.1
  • 71
    • 0002478340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movement control and speed of behavior
    • Fisk A., and Rogers W. (Eds), Academic Press, San Diego
    • Vercruyssen M. Movement control and speed of behavior. In: Fisk A., and Rogers W. (Eds). Handbook of Human Factors and the Older Adult (1997), Academic Press, San Diego 55-86
    • (1997) Handbook of Human Factors and the Older Adult , pp. 55-86
    • Vercruyssen, M.1
  • 72
    • 0002981814 scopus 로고
    • Visual and manual demands of in-car controls and displays
    • Peacock B., and Karwowski W. (Eds), Taylor and Francis, Washington, DC
    • Wierwille W.W. Visual and manual demands of in-car controls and displays. In: Peacock B., and Karwowski W. (Eds). Automotive Ergonomics (1993), Taylor and Francis, Washington, DC 299-320
    • (1993) Automotive Ergonomics , pp. 299-320
    • Wierwille, W.W.1
  • 73
    • 38749108327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yoo, H., Tsimhoni, O., Watanabe, H., Green, P., Shah, R., 1999. Display of HUD Warnings to Drivers: Determining the Optimal Location (Tech. Rep. UMTRI-99-9). University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI.
    • Yoo, H., Tsimhoni, O., Watanabe, H., Green, P., Shah, R., 1999. Display of HUD Warnings to Drivers: Determining the Optimal Location (Tech. Rep. UMTRI-99-9). University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.